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Linux Terminal Essentials For Beginners

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57 views3 pages

Linux Terminal Essentials For Beginners

Uploaded by

mdf281456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: Linux Terminal Essentials for Beginners

Introduction:
This guide is a quick-start reference for anyone new to the Linux terminal.
It covers the most important commands and concepts to help you navigate, manage files, and
perform basic tasks efficiently.

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1. Navigation Commands

pwd – Print current directory

ls – List files and directories

cd – Change directory

cd .. – Move one directory up

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2. File and Directory Management

touch file.txt – Create a file

mkdir new_folder – Create a directory

rm file.txt – Delete a file

rm -r folder – Delete a folder and contents

cp file1 file2 – Copy file

mv old new – Rename or move file/directory

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3. Viewing File Contents

cat file.txt – Show file content

less file.txt – Scroll through content

head file.txt – First 10 lines

tail file.txt – Last 10 lines

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4. Permissions and Ownership

chmod +x file.sh – Make a file executable

chown user:group file – Change file ownership

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5. Package Management (Debian-based)

sudo apt update – Refresh package list

sudo apt upgrade – Upgrade installed packages

sudo apt install package – Install a package

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6. Networking Basics

ip a – Show IP addresses

ping google.com – Test network

netstat -tuln – Show listening ports (may require sudo)

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