Lesson Plan
Grade: 9
Unit Topic: Statistics
Lesson Topic: Transformation – Translation
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson students should be able to:
1. Define the terms Transformation and Translation.
2. Show an understanding for the meaning of the concept of Translation
Vector.
3. Represent a translation of a point on graph paper given the point and
translation vector.
References: Mathematics, A Complete Course with CXC Questions: Volume 1, pg. 520 –
527.
Transformation
A transformation changes the position and/or size of a shape. A transformation is said to
describe the relation between any point and its image point. The original shape is called
the object and the transformation is called the image.
Translation
A Translation is a transformation in which a plane figure slides along a straight line and
changes its position without turning. Translation takes place when a figure slides up/down or
left/right, like a cha-cha dance. You can Translate by changing the 𝑥 and 𝑦 coordinates using
what we call a translation vector.
The 𝑥 coordinate controls if the figures move left or right. The 𝑦 coordinate controls if the
figure moves up or down.
If the 𝑥 −coordinate is a positive number, the figure will move to the right.
If the 𝑥 −coordinate is a negative number, the figure will move to the left.
If the 𝑦 −coordinate is a positive number, the figure will move upwards.
If the 𝑦 −coordinate is a negative number, the figure will move downwards.
The last step for Translation is to write the coordinates of the new location of the figure. We
translate moving point by point. Every point of the shape must move: the same distance and
in the same direction.
The animation below shows a triangle being translated.
Let us look at translating a point.
In a translation vector, the first number represents how many units in the 𝑥 direction, the
second number, how many in the 𝑦 direction. Both numbers tell us about how far and in what
direction we are going to slide the point. A translation vector can be represented as
−1
𝑇(−1,2) 𝑜𝑟 𝑇 ( )
2
In the animation below, you can see how we translate the point by −1 in the 𝑥 direction and
then by +2 in the 𝑦 direction.
As the animation shows a translation of T(−1,+2) on the point A with coordinates (3,2)
produces an image at (2,4).
We can also add the translation vector to the original point (which we call the pre-image or
the object).
3 −1 2
( )+( )=( )
2 2 4
𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒
We add corresponding elements.
(3 + −1, 2 + 2) → (2, 4).
Activity: Draw their Cartesian plane on their graph papers and label their axes using a scale
of 1 cm to 1 unit.
1.
o Plot and label the point 𝐴(3,5).
2
o Translate the point using the translation vector 𝑇 ( )
3
o Label the image (the new point) 𝐴′.
2.
o Plot and label the point 𝐵(2,1).
3
o Translate the point using the translation vector 𝑇 ( )
−5
o Label the image (the new point) 𝐵′.
3.
o Plot and label the point 𝐶(5,2).
−4
o Translate the point using the translation vector 𝑇 ( )
2
o Label the image (the new point) 𝐶′.
4.
o Plot and label the point 𝐷(4,0).
−2
o Translate the point using the translation vector 𝑇 ( )
−3
o Label the image (the new point) 𝐷′.
5. The points 𝐴 (2, 1), 𝐵 (4, 3) and 𝐶 (3, 6) are vertices of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶. What is the
3
image of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 under the translation T = ( ) and label it 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′
−5
6. The points 𝐴(−4, 5), 𝐵(2, 3) and 𝐶(2, 5) are vertices of a triangle ABC. What is the
−1
image of the triangle under the translation 𝑇 = ( ).
−3
7. A quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is such that 𝐴(2,1), 𝐵(6,1), 𝐶(5,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷(4,3). If the image of
−5
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 under the translation 𝑇 = ( ) is 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′𝐷′, find the coordinates of 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′𝐷′.
2
Find the translation vector given the object and the image.
Remember that when we are given the translation vector and the object, the formula below
helps us to find the image.
𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒
Therefore, using transposition we can see that,
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑉𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 − 𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
The vertices of parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 are 𝑃 (1, 1), 𝑄 (5, 1), 𝑅 (6, 3) and 𝑆 (2, 3).
Parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is mapped onto parallelogram 𝑃′𝑄′𝑅′𝑆′, with vertices
𝑃′ (−3, −4), 𝑄′(1, −4), 𝑅′(2, −2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆′(−2, −2). Determine the translation T that maps
parallelogram 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 onto 𝑃′𝑄′𝑅′𝑆′
We can use one set of points or two to be safe.
Let’s use 𝑃 and 𝑃′ and 𝑅 and 𝑅′.
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃′ − 𝑃
−3 1
=( )−( )
−4 1
−4
=( )
−5
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑅 ′ − 𝑅
2 6
=( )−( )
−2 3
−4
=( )
−5
Activity:
Draw axes for 𝑥 and 𝑦 from −5 to 7. Draw triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 with 𝐴(−3, 2), 𝐵(1, 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶(1,5).
5
Translate triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 using the vector ( ). Label this image 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′. Then translate triangle
2
−1
𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′ using the vector ( ). Label this new image 𝐴′′𝐵′′𝐶′′. Give the vectors that describe
−3
the translations which map:
a) 𝐴𝐵𝐶 to 𝐴′′𝐵′′𝐶′′
b) 𝐴′′ 𝐵 ′′ 𝐶 ′′ 𝑡𝑜 𝐴𝐵𝐶
c) 𝐴′′ 𝐵 ′′ 𝐶 ′′ 𝑡𝑜 𝐴′𝐵′𝐶′
