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Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are powerful supervised learning algorithms

used for both classification and regression in machine learning. They aim to
find the optimal hyperplane (decision boundary) that best separates different
classes within a dataset, maximizing the margin between the hyperplane
and the closest data points. SVMs can handle both linear and non-linear data,
and are known for their robustness and effectiveness, particularly in high-
dimensional spaces.
Here's a more detailed explanation:

Key Concepts:

 Supervised Learning:

SVMs learn from labeled data, meaning they are provided with input features
and corresponding class labels.

 Classification and Regression:

SVMs can be used for both classifying data into different categories and
predicting continuous values.

 Hyperplane:

The decision boundary that separates different classes in a multi-dimensional

feature space.

 Margin:

The distance between the hyperplane and the closest data points from each
class.

 Support Vectors:

The data points that lie closest to the hyperplane and significantly influence
its position.

 Kernel Trick:

A mathematical technique that allows SVMs to handle non-linear data by

mapping it to a higher-dimensional space where it becomes linearly
separable.

 Linear vs. Non-linear:

SVMs can handle both linear and non-linear data. Non-linear data is often
handled using kernel functions that map data to a higher-dimensional space.

How SVMs Work:

1. 1. Find the Optimal Hyperplane:

SVMs aim to find the hyperplane that best separates the classes while
maximizing the margin.

2. 2. Support Vectors:

The data points closest to the hyperplane are identified as support vectors.
 3. 3. Kernel Functions:

When the data is non-linear, kernel functions are used to map the data to a
higher-dimensional space where a linear hyperplane can be found.

4. 4. Prediction:

New data points are then classified or their values predicted based on their
location relative to the hyperplane.

Advantages of SVMs:

 Effective in high-dimensional spaces: SVMs can handle datasets

with many features.

 Memory efficient: SVMs can be memory efficient, especially when

using smaller kernel matrices, according to MathWorks.

 Effective for complex decision boundaries: They can handle

complex and non-linear decision boundaries.

 Can handle both linear and non-linear data: The kernel trick
allows them to tackle non-linear datasets.

Disadvantages of SVMs:

 Computational cost: SVMs can be computationally expensive,

especially for large datasets.

 Sensitivity to outliers: They can be sensitive to outliers and noise.

 Interpretable: Linear SVMs are more interpretable than non-linear

SVMs.

Applications of SVMs:

 Image Classification: SVMs are used in image classification tasks

such as object detection and image retrieval, according to IBM.

 Text Classification: SVMs are used for tasks like spam detection and
sentiment analysis.

 Bioinformatics: SVMs are used in gene classification and protein

structure prediction.

 Healthcare: SVMs are used in medical diagnosis and drug discovery.

In Summary:
SVMs are a powerful and versatile supervised learning algorithm used for
both classification and regression, particularly effective for handling high-
dimensional and non-linear data. They find the optimal hyperplane to
separate data classes while maximizing the margin, allowing for robust and
accurate predictions, according to Applied AI.

 Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm | GeeksforGeeks

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A support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised machine learning algorithm

that classifies data by finding an optimal line or hyperplane that maximizes
the distance between each class in an N-dimensional space. SVMs were
developed in the 1990s by Vladimir N.27 Dec 2023

support vector machines (SVMs) - IBM

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Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm

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27 Jan 2025 — Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a supervised machine

learning algorithm used for classification and regression tasks.

Support Vector Machine Algorithm

www.tpointtech.com

https://www.tpointtech.com › machine-learning-support-...

30 Jan 2025 — Support Vector Machine or SVM is one of the most popular
Supervised Learning algorithms, which is used for Classification as well
as Regression problems.

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SVM works by mapping data to a high-dimensional feature space so

that data points can be categorized, even when the data are not otherwise
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Support vector machine

In machine learning, support vector machines are supervised max-margin

models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data for
classification and regression analysis.

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