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Quantum Computing S3

The document discusses the fundamentals of quantum computing, focusing on the use of qubits instead of classical bits and the implementation of quantum gates. It outlines various types of quantum gates, including single-qubit and multiple-qubit gates, and explains their functions and mathematical representations. The lecture concludes with a brief mention of the next semester's syllabus.

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28 views29 pages

Quantum Computing S3

The document discusses the fundamentals of quantum computing, focusing on the use of qubits instead of classical bits and the implementation of quantum gates. It outlines various types of quantum gates, including single-qubit and multiple-qubit gates, and explains their functions and mathematical representations. The lecture concludes with a brief mention of the next semester's syllabus.

Uploaded by

pranavrmenon488
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 11

Quantum Computing
Syllabus

Bell’s Inequality – Assignment


Quantum Gates – We will discuss in class
What u have studied so far
• Instead of bit in classical computer, qubit is used.
• Traditional computers use electrical signals that represent binary 1s
and 0s, or bits.
• The circuit model of a computer is the most useful abstraction of
the computing process .
• In the circuit model, computer scientists regard any computation
as being equivalent to the action of a circuit built out of a handful
of different types of Boolean logic gates acting on some binary
(i.e., bit string) input
• how the notions of logic gates need to be modified in the quantum
context.
• Quantum computers operate using qubits, not bits. Unlike traditional
bits which can only be 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a ‘superposition’ of
0 and 1. This ability to exist in multiple states at once gives quantum
computers tremendous power.
• Trapped ions (charged atoms) are one of the leading platforms for
quantum computing.
• Each ion can store a single qubit
• So how do we implement the required quantum logic gates on these
trapped-ion qubits?
• we apply a short pulse of microwave radiation or high power lasers.
Quantum Gates
• A quantum gate is a very simple computing device that performs
quantum operation on qubits. Quantum gates are one of the
essential parts of a quantum computer and are the building
blocks of all quantum algorithms.
• Quantum gates are mathematically represented as
transformation matrices which operate on inputs to give outputs.
• There are different types of quantum gates. Single-qubit gates
and multiple qubit gates.
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝛼 0 > +𝛽 1 > represented as (𝛼, 𝛽)

𝑇𝑤𝑜 𝑄𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑡 ∶ 𝛼 00 > +𝛼 01 > +𝛼 10 > +𝛼 11 >


represented as (𝛼 , 𝛼 , 𝛼 , 𝛼 )
Single Qubit Gates
X- gate
Y-gate
Z- gate
H –gate (Hadamard Gate)
S-gate (Phase Gate)
T-gate (
X gate or Quantum Not Gate
Y Gate
Z Gate
H Gate(Hadamard Gate)
• H gate acts on single qubit input and produce superposition state
output.
Phase Gate
Multiple Qubit Gates
• Controlled gate (CNOT gate),
• Swap gate,
• Controlled Z gate
• Toffoli gate (CCNOT gate)
CNOT Gate
SWAP Gate
• It contains three CNOT gates.
Controlled Z gate
• If the control qubit is then Z gate transforms the target Qubit
Toffoli Gate ( Controlled Controlled Not)
Three quibit
It has three inputs out of which two are Control Qubits and one is
the Target Qubit. The Target Qubit flips only when both the Control
Qubits are |1⟩. The two Control Qubits are not altered during the
operation.
Next Sem Syllabus

With this I think QC will be concluded

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