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MATHEMATICS
STUDY NOTES FOR IIT-JEE ASPIRANTS
Latest Syllabus Unit-wise MCQ Well Researched Content
 Content Table

SR.No. Topics Page. No.

1. Fundamental’s of Mathematics - I 02 - 28

2. Fundamental’s of Mathematics - II 29 - 45

3. Complex Number 46 - 87

4. Quadratic Equation 88 - 118

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5. Limits and Derivatives 119 - 141

6. Sequence and Series 142 - 172

7. Binomial Theorem 173 - 201

8.

9. Mathematical Logic
il
Mathematical Induction 202 - 208

209 - 217
or
10. Trigonometry 218 - 261

11. Straight Line 262 - 305

12. Pair of Straight Line 306 - 322

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13. Solution of Triangles 323 - 351

14. Circle 352 - 385

15. Conic Section 386 - 462

16. Permutation and Combination 463 - 490

Ed
 FUNDAMENTAL’S OF MATHEMATICS -I

SETS
A set is a collection of well defined objects which are distinct from each other.

METHODS TO WRITE A SET :

(i) Roster Method or Tabular Method : In this method a set is described by listing elements,
separated by commas and enclose then by curly brackets.
(ii) Set builder form (Property Method) : In this we write down a property or rule which gives us
all the element of the set.

TYPES OF SETS
Null set or empty set : A set having no element in it is called an empty set or a null set or void set, it is

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denoted by φ or { }.
Singleton set : A set consisting of a single element is called a singleton set.
Finite set : A set which has only finite number of elements is called a finite set.
Order of a finite set : The number of distinct elements in a finite set A is called the order of this set
and denoted by O(A) or n(A). It is also called cardinal number of the set.
e.g. A = {a, b, c, d} ⇒ n(A) = 4
Infinite set : A set which has an infinite number of elements is called an infinite set.

then A ≠ B
il
Equal sets : Two sets A and B are said to be equal if every element of A is member of B, and every
element of B is a member of A. If sets A and B are equal, we write A = B and if A and B are not equal

Equivalent sets : Two finite sets A and B are equivalent if their cardinal number is same i.e. n(A) =
n(B)
or
e.g. A = {1, 3, 5, 7}, B = {a, b, c, d} ⇒ n(A) = 4 and n(B) = 4
⇒ A and B are equivalent sets
Note - Equal sets are always equivalent but equivalent sets may not be equal

SUBSET AND SUPERSET :

Let A and B be two sets. If every element of A is an element of B then A is called a subset of B and B is
called superset of A. We write it as A ⊂ B.
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e.g. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} ⇒ A⊂ B

If A is not a subset of B then we write A ⊄ B
PROPER SUBSET :
If A is a subset of B but A ≠ B then A is a proper subset of B. Set A is not proper subset of A so this is
improper subset of A
Note : (i) The total number of subsets of a finite set containing n elements is 2n.
(ii) Number of proper subsets of a set having n elements is 2n – 1.
Ed

POWER SET :
Let A be any set. The set of all subsets of A is called power set of A and is denoted by P(A)

UNIVERSAL SET :
A set consisting of all possible elements which occur in the discussion is called a universal set and is
denoted by U.
e.g. if A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 4, 5, 6}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7} then U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} can be taken as the
universal set.
SOME OPERATION ON SETS :
(i) Union of two sets : A ∪ B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
e.g. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4} then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
(ii) Intersection of two sets : A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
e.g. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4} then A ∩ B = {2, 3}
(iii) Difference of two sets : A – B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∉ B}. It is also written as A ∩ B'.
Similarly B – A = B ∩ A' e.g. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4} ; A – B = {1}
(iv) Symmetric difference of sets : It is denoted by A ∆ B and A ∆ B = (A – B) ∪ (B – A)
(v) Complement of a set : A' = {x : x ∉ A but x ∈ U} = U – A

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 e.g. U = {1, 2,........, 10}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then A' = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

LAWS OF ALGEBRA OF SETS (PROPERTIES OF SETS):

(i) Commutative law : (A ∪ B) = B ∪ A ; A ∩ B = B ∩ A
(ii) Associative law : (A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C) ; (A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
(iii) Distributive law : A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C) ; A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
(iv) De-morgan law : (A ∪ B)' = A' ∩ B' ; (A ∩ B)' = A' ∪ B'
(v) Identity law : A ∩ U = A ; A ∪ φ = A
(vi) Complement law : A ∪ A' = U, A ∩ A' = φ, (A')' = A
(vii) Idempotent law : A ∩ A = A, A ∪ A = A

SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS ON NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN SETS :

If A, B, C are finite sets and U be the finite universal set then
(i) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
(ii) n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A ∩ B)
(iii) n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

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(iv) Number of elements in exactly two of the sets A, B, C
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(C ∩ A) – 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
(v) Number of elements in exactly one of the sets A, B, C
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – 2n(A ∩ B) – 2n(B ∩ C) – 2n(A ∩ C) + 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

Intervals :
Intervals are basically subsets of R and are commonly used in solving inequalities or in finding
domains. If there are two numbers a, b ∈ R such that a < b, we can define four types of intervals as
follows :

Name
Open Interval il
Representation
(a, b)
Discription
{x : a < x < b} i.e. end points are not included.
or
{x : a ≤ x ≤ b} i.e. end points are also included. This is possible only when
Close Interval [a, b] both a and b are finite.
Open - Closed Interval (a, b] {x : a < x ≤ b} i.e. a is excluded and b is included.
Close - Open Interval [a, b) {x : a ≤ x < b} i.e. a is included and b is excluded.
Note : (i) (a, ∞) = {x : x > a} (ii) [a, ∞) = {x : x ≥ a} (iii) (– ∞, b) = {x : x < b}
(iv) (–∞, b] = {x : x ≤ b} (v) (– ∞, ∞) = {x : x ∈ R}
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Graph of polynomial
To plot a graph of polynomial, several sets of Points (x, y) are required.

dy
The key points are (i) stationary points ( where =0)
dx

(ii) y-intercept ( where x is zero)

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(iii) x-intercept ( where y is zero)

and (iv) behaviour of polynomial at x tends to ± ∞

Logarithm of A Number :
The logarithm of the number N to the base ' a ' is the exponent indicating the power to which the base ' a
' must be raised to obtain the number N. This number is designated as loga N. Hence:
logaN = x ⇔ ax = N , a > 0, a ≠ 1 & N > 0

Domain of Definition :
The existence and uniqueness of the number loga N can be determined with the help of set of
conditions, a > 0 & a ≠ 1 & N > 0.

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The Principal Properties of Logarithm:
Let M & N are arbitrary positive numbers, a > 0, a ≠ 1, b > 0, b ≠ 1 and α, β are any real numbers,
then :
(i) loga (M.N) = loga M + loga N ; in general loga (x1 x2 ......xn) = logax1 + loga x2 + ........+ loga xn
(ii) loga (M/N) = loga M − loga N (iii) loga Mα = α. loga M
1 loga M
(iv) logaβ M = logaM (v) logb M = (base changing theorem)
β loga b
1
(vi) logba = (vii) ax = e x  n a
loga b
log N
(viii) alogc b = blogc a (ix) a a = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 & N > 0
Note : (i) If the number and the base are on the same side of the unity, then the
logarithm is positive.
(ii) If the number and the base are on the opposite sides of unity, then the logarithm is
negative.

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Logarithmic Equation :
The equality loga x = loga y is possible if and only if x = y i.e.
loga x = loga y ⇔ x = y
Always check validity of given equation, (x > 0, y > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1)

Logarithmic Inequality :
Let 'a' is a real number such that
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
il
If a > 1, then logax > loga y
If a > 1, then logax < α
If a > 1, then logax > α
⇒
⇒
If 0 < a < 1, then logax > logay ⇒
⇒

x > aα
0<x<y
x>y
0 < x < aα
or
(v) If 0 < a < 1, then loga x < α ⇒ x > aα

Form - I : f(x) > 0, g(x) > 0, g(x) ≠ 1

Form Collection of system
 f(x) ≥ 1 , g(x) > 1
(a) logg(x) f(x) ≥ 0 ⇔ 
0 < f(x) ≤ 1 , 0 < g(x) < 1
 f(x) ≥ 1 , 0 < g(x) < 1
(b) logg(x) f(x) ≤ 0 ⇔
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
0 < f(x) ≤ 1 , g(x) > 1
 f(x) ≥ (g(x))a , g(x) > 1
(c) logg(x) f(x) ≥ a ⇔  a
0 < f(x) ≤ (g(x)) , 0 < g(x) < 1

0 < f(x) ≤ (g(x)) ,

a
g(x) > 1
(d) logg(x) f(x) ≤ a ⇔  a
 f(x) ≥ (g(x)) , 0 < g(x) < 1
Ed

Form - II : When the inequality of the form

Form Collection of system
 f(x) ≥ g(x), φ(x) > 1,
(a) logφ(x) f(x) ≥ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔ 
0 < f(x) ≤ g(x);0 < φ(x) < 1
 0 < f(x) ≤ g(x), φ(x) > 1,
(b) logφ(x) f(x) ≤ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔ 
f(x) ≥ g(x) > 0, 0 < φ(x) < 1

Absolute value function / modulus function :

 x if x≥0
The symbol of modulus function is f (x) = x and is defined as: y = x=  .
− x if x<0

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Properties of modulus : For any a, b ∈ R
(i) |a| ≥ 0 (ii) |a| = |–a|
(iii) |a| ≥ a, |a| ≥ –a (iv) |ab| = |a| |b|
a |a|
(v) = (vi) |a + b| ≤ |a| + |b| ; Equality holds when ab ≥ 0
b |b|
(vii) |a – b| ≥ ||a| – |b|| ; Equality holds when ab ≥ 0

Irrational function :
An irrational function is a function y = f(x) in which the operations of addition, substraction,

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multiplication, division and raising to a fractional power are used.
x 3 + x1/ 3
For example y = is an irrational function
2x + x
(a) The equation f(x) = g(x), is equivalent to the following system
f(x) = g2(x) & g(x) ≥ 0
(b) The inequation f(x) < g(x), is equivalent to the following system

(c)

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f(x) < g2(x) &
The inequation
g(x) ≤ 0

Greatest integer function or step up function :

&
f(x) ≥ 0 & g(x) ≥ 0
f(x) > g(x), is equivalent to the following system
f(x) ≥ 0 or g(x) ≥ 0 & f(x) > g2(x)
or
The function y = f (x) = [x] is called the greatest integer function where [x] equals to the
greatest integer less than or equal to x. Graph of greatest integer function is
uG
Ed

Properties of greatest integer function :

(a) x − 1 < [x] ≤ x (b) [x ± m] = [x] ± m iff m is an integer.
 0; if x is an int eger
(c) [x] + [y] ≤ [x + y] ≤ [x] + [y] + 1 (d) [x] + [− x] = 
 −1 otherwise
Fractional part function:
It is defined as y = {x} = x − [x]. It is always non-negative and varies from [0, 1). The period of this
function is 1 and graph of this function is as shown.

5
Properties of fractional part function :

0 , if x is an int eger
(a) {x ± m} = {x} iff m is an integer (b) {x} + {–x} = 
1 , otherwise
 1 for x>0
Signum function : f (x) = sgn (x) =  0 for x=0
−1 for x<0


Trigonometric functions of sum or difference of two angles:

(a) sin (A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB
(b) cos (A ± B) = cosA cosB  sinA sinB
(c) sin²A − sin²B = cos²B − cos²A = sin (A+B). sin (A− B)
(d) cos²A − sin²B = cos²B − sin²A = cos (A+B). cos (A − B)
tan A ± tan B cot A cot B  1
(e) tan (A ± B) = (f) cot (A ± B) =

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1  tan A tan B cot B ± cot A
(g) sin (A + B + C) = sin A cos B cos C + sin B cos A cos C + sin C cos A cos B – sin A sin B sin C
(h) cos (A + B + C) = cos A cos B cos C – cos A sin B sin C – sin A cos B sin C – sin A sin B cos C
tan A + tan B + tanC − tan A tan B tan C
(i) tan (A + B + C) = .
1 − tan A tan B − tan B tan C − tan C tan A
S1 − S3 + S5 − ......
(j) tan (θ1 + θ2 + θ3 + ....... + θn) =
1 − S2 + S4 − .......

(i)
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where Si denotes sum of product of tangent of angles taken i at a time

Transformation formulae :
sin(A+B) + sin(A − B) = 2 sinA cosB (a) sinC + sinD = 2 sin
C+D
2
cos
C−D
2
or
C+D C−D
(ii) sin(A+B) − sin(A − B) = 2 cosA sinB (b) sinC − sinD = 2 cos sin
2 2
C+D C−D
(iii) cos(A+B) + cos(A − B) = 2 cosA cosB (c) cosC + cosD= 2 cos cos
2 2
C+D D −C
(iv) cos(A − B) − cos(A+B) = 2 sinA sinB (d) cosC − cosD = 2 sin sin
2 2
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Multiple and sub-multiple angles :

θ θ
(a) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA Note : sin θ = 2 sin cos etc.
2 2
(b) cos 2A = cos²A − sin²A = 2cos²A − 1 = 1 − 2 sin²A
θ θ
Note : 2 cos² = 1 + cos θ, 2 sin² = 1 − cos θ.
2 2
Ed

2 tan A 2 tan 2θ
(c) tan 2A = Note : tan θ =
1 − tan2 A 1 − tan 2 2θ
2 tan A 1 − tan2 A
(d) sin 2A = , cos 2A =
1 + tan2 A 1 + tan2 A
(e) sin 3A = 3 sinA − 4 sin3A
(f) cos 3A = 4 cos3A − 3 cosA
3 tan A − tan3 A
(g) tan 3A =
1 − 3 tan2 A
Important trigonometric ratios of standard angles :
(a) sin n π = 0 ; cos n π = (−1)n ; tan n π = 0, where n ∈ Ι
π 3 −1 5π
(b) sin 15° or sin = = cos 75° or cos ;
12 2 2 12
π 3 +1 5π
cos 15° or cos = = sin 75° or sin ;
12 2 2 12

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 3 −1 3 +1
tan 15° = = 2 − 3 = cot 75° ; tan 75° = = 2 + 3 = cot 15°
3 +1 3 −1
π 5 −1 π 5 +1
(c) sin or sin 18° = = cos 72° ; cos 36° or cos = = sin 54°
10 4 5 4

Conditional identities:
If A + B + C = π then :
(i) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
A B C
(ii) sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
(iii) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C = − 1 − 4 cos A cos B cos C
A B C
(iv) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
(v) tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
A B B C C A
(vi) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1

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2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
(vii) cot + cot + cot = cot . cot . cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
(viii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1

Sine and Cosine series:

nβ
sin 2  n − 1 
(i) sin α + sin (α + β) + sin (α + 2β ) +...... + sin {α + (n − 1) β} = sin  α + β

(ii) il
cos α + cos (α + β) + cos (α + 2β ) +.... + cos {α + (n − 1) β} =
2

sin 2
sin
nβ
sin 2
β
β




cos  α +
 2
2

n − 1 
β


or
where : β ≠ 2mπ, m ∈ Ι
Product series of cosine angles
sin2n θ
cos θ . cos 2θ . cos22θ . cos23θ ...... cos2n–1θ =
2n sin θ
Range of trigonometric expression:
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Range of E = a sin θ + b cos θ is − a 2 + b 2 , a 2 + b 2 

 

Trigonometric Equation :
An equation involving one or more trigonometric ratios of an unknown angle is called a trigonometric
equation.

Solution of Trigonometric Equation :

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A solution of trigonometric equation is the value of the unknown angle that satisfies the equation.
Thus, the trigonometric equation may have infinite number of solutions (because of their periodic
nature) and can be classified as :
(i) Principal solution (ii) General solution.

Principal solutions :
The solutions of a trigonometric equation which lie in the interval [0, 2π) are called Principal solutions.

General Solution :
The expression involving an integer 'n' which gives all solutions of a trigonometric equation is called
General solution. General solution of some standard trigonometric equations are given below.

General Solution of Some Standard Trigonometric Equations :

 π π
(i) If sin θ = sin α ⇒ θ = n π + (−1)n α where α ∈  − ,  , n ∈ Ι.
 2 2
(ii) If cos θ = cos α ⇒ θ = 2nπ ± α where α ∈ [0, π], n ∈ Ι.

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  π π
(iii) If tan θ = tan α ⇒ θ = nπ + α where α ∈  − ,  , n ∈ Ι.
 2 2
(iv) If sin² θ = sin² α ⇒ θ = n π ± α, n ∈ Ι.
(v) If cos² θ = cos² α ⇒ θ = n π ± α, n ∈ Ι.
(vi) If tan² θ = tan² α ⇒ θ = n π ± α, n ∈ Ι. [Note: α is called the principal angle ]

Some Important deductions :

(i) sinθ = 0 ⇒ θ = nπ, n ∈ Ι
π
(ii) sinθ = 1 ⇒ θ = (4n + 1) ,n ∈ Ι
2
π
(iii) sinθ = – 1 ⇒ θ = (4n – 1) , n ∈ Ι
2
π
(iv) cosθ = 0 ⇒ θ = (2n + 1) , n ∈ Ι
2

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(v) cosθ = 1 ⇒ θ = 2nπ, n ∈ Ι

(vi) cosθ = – 1 ⇒ θ = (2n + 1)π, n∈Ι

(vii) tanθ = 0 ⇒ θ = nπ, n ∈ Ι

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or
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Ed

8
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Representation of sets, Types of sets, subset and power set

A-1. Which of the following collections is not a set ?

(i) The collection of natural numbers between 2 and 20
(ii) The collectihon of numbers which satisfy the equation x2 –5x + 6 = 0
(iii) The collection of prime numbers between 1 and 100.
(iv) The collection of all intelligent women in Jalandhar.

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A-2. Write the set A = {x : x is a positive prime < 10} in the tabular form

A-3. Which of the following is the empty / non-empty set

(i) {x : x is a real number and x2 – 1 = 0} (ii) {x : x is a real number and x2 + 1 = 0}
(iii) {x : x is a real number and x – 9 = 0}
2
(iv) {x : x is a real number and x2 = x + 2}

A-4. Which of the folowing sets is an finite / infinite set ?

(i) Set of divisors of 24

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(ii) Set of all real number which lie between 1 and 2
(iii) Set of all humman beings living in India.
(iv) Set of all three digit natural numbers
or
A-5. If A = {x : –3 < x < 3, x ∈ Z} then find the number of subsets of A.

A-6. Find Power set of the set A = {φ, {φ}}.

Section (B) : Operations on sets, Law of Algebra of sets

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B-1. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. What can be the minimum number of elements in
A∪B?

B-2. Given the sets A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, then find A ∪ (B ∩ C).

B-3. Let A = {x : x ∈ R, –1 < x < 1} , B = {x : x ∈ R, x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 2} and A ∪ B = R – D, then find set D

B-4. Find the smallest set A such that A ∪ {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9}

Ed

B-5. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then find (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C).

B-6. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 5}, B = {6, 7}, then show that A ∩ B′ is same as set A.

B-7. If A = {x : x = 4n + 1, n ≤ 5, n ∈ N} and B {3n : n ≤ 8, n ∈ N}, then find (A – (A – B)).

B-8. If aN = {ax : x ∈ N} and bN ∩ cN = dN, where b, c ∈ N, b ≥ 2, c ≥ 2 are relatively prime, then find
relation between d,b and c.

Section (C) : Cardinal number Problems

C-1. Let n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A ∩ B) = 100, then find n(A' ∩ B')
C-2. In a group of 1000 people, there are 750 people, who can speak Hindi and 400 people, who can speak
Bengali.

9
 (i) Find number of people who can speak Hindi only.
(ii) Number of people who can speak Bengali only is
(iii) Number of people who can speak both Hindi and Bengali is

C-3. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students obtaining one or more
subjects : Mathematics 100, Physics 70, Chemistry 40, Mathematics and Physics 30, Mathematics and
Chemistry 28, Physics and Chemistry 23, Mathematics & Physics & Chemistry 18. How many students
have offered Mathematics alone ?

C-4. 31 candidates appeared for an examination, 15 candidates passed in English, 15 candidates passed in
Hindi, 20 candidates passed in Sanskrit. 3 candidates passed only in English. 4. candidates passed
only in Hindi, 7 candidates passed only in Sanskrit. 2 candidates passed in all the three subjects How
many candidates passed only in two subjects ?

C-5. In a survery, it was found that 21 persons liked product A, 26 liked product B and 29 liked product C. If
14 persons liked products A and B, 12 liked products C and A, 13 persons liked products B and C and

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8 liked all the three products then
(i) Find the number of persons who liked the product C only
(ii) The number of persons who like the products A and B but not C

Section (D) : Graphs of polynomial

D-1. Draw the graph of following function

(i) y = 4x3 – 30x2 + 72x – 55 (ii) y = x3 + x2 + x – 3

D-2.
(iii)
(v)
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y = x4 – 8x3 + 22x2 – 24x + 8.5
y = x4 – 4x3 + 8x2 – 8x – 21
(iv)
(vi)
y = x4 – 6x2 – 8x + 13
y = x4 + 2x2 + 4x + 1

Find the number of solution of the following equation x4 – 6x2 – 8x – 3 = 0

or
D-3. Find the range of 'λ' for which equation x3 + x2 – x – 1 – λ = 0 has 3 real solution.

Section (E) : Rational inequaties, Modulus & Graphical transformations

E-1. Solve the following rational in equalities

(x – 1)(x + 2) (1– x)3 (x + 2)4
(i) <0 (ii) ≥0
uG

(x – 3)(x + 3) (x + 9)2 (x – 8)
(x 2 – 3x + 1)3 x(2x – 3 x )
(iii) ≤0 (iv) >0
(x − 1)(x + 2) (x 2 + x + 1)(x – 1)
(x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) 3x 2 – 7x + 8
(v) ≤1 (vi) 1< ≤2
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) x2 + 1
Ed

(3 x – 5 x )(x – 2)
E-2. Find the number of positive integral value of x satisfying the inequality ≥0
(x 2 + 5x + 2)

x –1
E-3. If 1 < < 7 then find the range of
x+2
1
(i) x (ii) x2 (iii)
x

E-4. Define and plot

(i) y = |x – 2| + 3 |x – 3| (ii) y = ||x – 2| – 3| + |x|
(iii) y = |x – 1| + |x – 4| – 2 |x + 1|

E-5. Solve for x

(i) |x + 1| = 4x + 3
(ii) |x + 1| = |x + 3|
(iii) 7|x – 2| – |x – 7| = 5

10
 (iv) ||x – 1| – 2| = 6x + 8
(v) |2x2 – 3x + 1| = |x2 + x – 3|

E-6. Solve for x

(i) 2|x+1| + 2|x| = 6 and x∈Ι
(ii) x + x + 1 + |x – 3| ≤ |x + 2x – 2|
2 2

(iii) |2x – 4| – 2|x2 + x – 3| + 2|x – 1||x + 1| = 0

E-7. Solve the following in equalities

(i) |x + 7| > 5 (ii) |x + 3| < 10
2x – 1
(iii) (x + 2) < |x2 + 3x + 5| (iv) >2
x –1
x 2 – | x | –12
(v) |x – 6| ≤ x2 – 5x + 9 (vi) ≥ 2x
x–3
(vii) (|x – 1| – 3) (|x + 2| – 5) < 0 (viii) |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| ≤ 6

la
E-8. Find the number of solution of the following equation
(i) |||x – 1| – 2| – 1| = 1 (ii) 2|(x – 1) (x – 5)| = (x – 3)2

E-9. If graph of y = (x – 1)(x – 2) is

(0,2)

–1/4
1 2
il
or
then draw the graph of the following
(i) y = |(x – 1) (x – 2)| (ii) |y| = (x – 1) (x – 2)
(iii) y = (|x| – 1) (|x| – 2) (iv) y = |(|x| – 1) (|x| – 2)|
(v) |y| = |(|x| – 1) (|x| – 2)|
uG

E-10. Let graph of y = f(x) is

(–6,2) (6,2)
(0,2)
(1,1) (2,1)
(–1,1)
(7,0)

(–4,0) (–2,0) (3,0) (5,0)

Ed

(–3,–1) (4,–1) (8,–1)

Now draw the graph of following

(i) y = 2f (–x)
(ii) y =f (|x + 1|)
(iii) y = – f(|x| + 1)
(iv) |y + 1| = f(2x – 1) ∀ x ∈ [–1,3]

11
Section (F) : Irrational inequality, logarithmic equation & logarithimic inequality
F-1. Solve the following inequlities
(i) x –1 < x – 3 (ii) x–3 > 7–x
(iii) x 2 + 4x + 9 > x + 2 (iv) 4 – x < 2x – x 2
(v) 3
(x – 4)(x – 6) > 2 (vi) x 2 + 3x + 5 < x2 + x + 1
1 3 1 1 2x 2 + 7x – 4 1
(vii) – < – (viii) ≤
x 2
x x 2 x+4 2
| x+2| – | x|
(ix) ≥0
8 – x3

F-2. Find the value of

1
1
(i) (log105)(log1020) + (log102)2 (ii) 3 5 log7 5 +
( − log10 0.1)

la
1 log 2
(iii) log0.75 log2 (iv) 5 5
+ 9log3 7 − 8log2 5
0.125
1+ log7 2
 1  log3 5 log5 7 log3 7 log5 3
(v)  49  + 5 – log1/ 5 7 (vi) 7 +3 −5 −7
 

F-3. Let log102 = a and log103 = b determine the following in term of a and b

F-4.
(i) log4100 + 2log27100

Prove that

(i)
1
+
1
+
1
=1
il (ii) log144 45

(ii) (log210) (log280) – (log25) (log2160) = 4

or
log bc (abc) log ca abc log ab (abc)
log 2 2
+1)3
loga b logb a a 21/ 4
– 3log27 (a – 2a
(iii) a = b (iv) = a2 + a + 1
( 7 4log49 a
) – a –1
F-5 Solve the following equations :
(i) logx(4x – 3) = 2 (ii) log2(x – 1) + log2(x – 3) = 3
uG

(iii) log2 (log8 (x2 – 1)) = 0 (iv) 4log2 x − 2x − 3 =0

F-6. Solve the following equations

log x +7
log2 (9 – 2x ) 10

(i) =1 (ii) x 4 = 10(log10 x +1)

3–x
(iii) (log10(100x))2 + (log10(10x))2 = 14 + log10(1/x)
(iv) log105 + log10(x + 10) – 1 = log10(21x – 20) – log10(2x – 1)
(v) 52x = 32x + 2.5x + 2.3x
Ed

F-7 Solve the following inequalities

(i) log5 (3x – 1) < 1 (ii) (log.5x)2 + log.5x – 2 ≤ 0
(iii) log3(x + 1) + log3(x + 7) ≥ 3 (iv) log1/2 log3(x2 + 5) + 1 ≤ 0
F-8. Solve the following inequalities
x –1
(i) |log3x| – log3x – 3 < 0 (ii) ≤1
log3 (9 – 3 x ) – 3
(iii) log x −1 (x–2) > 0 (iv) logx (x3 – x2 – 2x) < 3
x −5
F-9 Solve the following inequalities
x
 3x – 2  2
(i) 15x – 25.3x – 9.5x + 225 ≥ 0 (ii) 8.  x x > 1 + 3
3 –2   
Section (G) : Greatest integer function, fractional part & signum function

G-1. Solve for x (where [•] denotes greatest integer function and {•} represent fractional part function)

12
 (i) [2x] = 1 (ii) {x}2 + [x] = 2 (iii) 6{x}2 – 5{x} + 1 = 0 (iv) 6[x]2 – 5[x] – 1 = 0

G-2 Solve the following equations

(where [•] denotes greatest integer function and {•} represent fractional part function)
(i) 2[x] + 3{x} = 4x – 1 (ii) 4[x] = x + {x} (iii) [x] + 2{–x} = 3x

G-3. Solve the following equations (where [•] denotes greatest integer function and {•} represent fractional
part function and sgn represents signum function)
(i) [x] + |x – 2| ≤ 0 and x ∈ [–1,3] (ii) [2x] – 2x = [x + 1]
(iii) [x2] + 2 [x] = 3x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

G-4. Solve the following inequalities (where [•] denotes greatest integer function and {•} represent fractional
part function)
1
(i) [x + [x]] < 0 (ii) [2x2 – x] < 1 (iii) {x} <
2

la
G-5 Solve the following equations
 x 2 − 5x + 4 
(i) sgn ({[x]}) = 0 (ii) sgn(x2 – 2x – 8) = –1 (iii) sgn  = – 1
 {x} 

G-6 Find the number of solution of equation (where sgn represent signum function)
(i) sgn (x) = |x| (ii) sgn (x2 – 1) = (x + 1)2

Section (H) : Trigonometric Equations

H-1. Solve the following equation

θ
il π π
or
(i) 5 cos2θ + 2cos2 + 1 = 0, – < θ <
2 2 2
(ii) sin7θ + sin4θ + sinθ = 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ π
(iii) tanθ + sec θ = 3 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

H-2. Find the most general solution of the following

(i) sin6x = sin4x – sin2x
(ii) sec4x – sec2x = 2
uG

π  π 
(iii) tan  + x  + tan  – x  = 2
4  4 

H-3. Solve the following inequations

(i) (sinx – 2) (2sinx–1) < 0 (ii) (2cosx – 1) (cosx) ≤ 0
(iii) sinx + 3 cosx ≥ 1 (iv) cos2x + sinx ≤ 2
Ed

(v) tan2x > 3

H-4 Find the number of solution of the following equation

x
(i) |sinx| = (ii) n|x| = sinπx
10

1
1
H-5. Solve the inequation 2 cos y2 – y + ≤1
2
x
2

13
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following are true ?
(A) [3, 7] ⊆ (2, 10) (B) (0, ∞) ⊆ (4, ∞) (C) (5, 7] ⊆ [5, 7) (D) [2, 7] ⊆ (2.9, 8)

2. The shaded region in the given figure is

la
(A) A ∩ (B ∪ C) (B) A ∪ (B ∩ C) (C) A ∩ (B – C) (D) A – (B ∪ C)

3. Consider the following statements :

1. N ∪ (B ∩ Z) = (N ∪ B) ∩ Z for any subset B of R, where N is the set of positive integers, Z is
the set of integers, R is the set of real numbers.
2. Let A = {n ∈ N : 1 ≤ n ≤ 24, n is a multiple of 3}. There exists no subset B of N such that the
number of elemets in A is equal to the number of elements in B.

4.
(A) 1 only

il
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

Which of the following venn-diagrams best represents the sets of females, mothers and doctors ?
or
5. In a college of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read by 60
students. The number of newspaper is-
(A) at least 30 (B) at most 20 (C) exactly 25 (D) exactly 30
uG

6. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families buy
newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3 % buy B and C and 4%
buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three news papers, then number of families which buy
newspaper A only is
(A) 3100 (B) 3300 (C) 2900 (D) 1400

7. Let A1, A2 and A3 be subsets of a set X. Which one of the following is correct ?
Ed

(A) A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 is the smallest subset of X containing elements of each of A1, A2 and A3

(B) A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 is the smallest subset of X containing either A1 or A2 ∪ A3 but not both
(C) The smallest subset of X containing A1 ∪ A2 and A3 equals the smallest subset of X containing
both A1 and A2 ∪ A3 only if A2 = A3
(D) None of these
8. Let A, B, C be distinct subsets of a universal set U. For a subset X of U, let X ' denote the complement
of X in U.
Consider the following sets :
1. ((A ∩ B) ∪ C)′ ∩ B′)′ = B ∩ C
2. (A ′ ∩ B ′) ∩ (A ∪ B ∪ C′) = (A ∪ (B ∪ C))′
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2

9. Let U be set with number of elements in U is 2009.

Consider the following statements :

14
 Ι : If A, B are subsets of U with n (A ∪ B) = 280, then n(A′ ∩ B′) = x13 + x 32 = y13 + y 32
for some positive integers x1, x2 y1, y2
ΙΙ : If A is a subset of U with n (A) = 1681 and out of these 1681 elements, exactly 1075 elements
belong to a subset B of U , then n (A – B) = m2 + p1 p2 p3 for some positive integer m and distinct primes
p1, p2, p3
Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?
(A) I only (B) II only (C) Both I and II (D) Neither I nor II.

10. Consider the following statements :

1. If A = {(x, y) ∈ [R × R : x3 + y3 = 1] and B = {(x, y) ∈ [R : x – y = 1]}, then A ∩ B contains exactly one
elements.
2. If A = {(x, y) ∈ [R × R : x3 + y3 = 1] and B = {(x, y) ∈ [R : x + y = 1]}, then A ∩ B contains exactly two
elements.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 and 2

la
11. In a class of 42 students, the number of students studying different subjects are 23 in Mathematics, 24
in Physics, 19 in Chemistry, 12 in Mathematics and Physics 9 in Mathematics and Chemistry, 7 in
Physics and Chemistry and 4 in all the three subjects. The number of students who have taken exactly
one subject is
(A) 15 (B) 30 (C) 22 (D) 27

12. In an examination of a certain class, at least 70% of the students failed in Physics, at least 72% failed in

(A) 5%
(C) 15% il
Chemistry, at least 80% failed in Mathematics and at least 85% failed in English. How many at least
must have failed in all the four subjects ?
(B) 7%
(D) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data
or
13.* A and B are two sets such that n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 6, then
(A) minimum value of n(A ∪ B) = 6 (B) minimum value of n(A ∪ B) = 9
(C) maximum value of n(A ∪ B) = 6 (D) maximum value of n(A ∪ B) = 9

14. The number of solution of equation x3 – 21x –20 = ex is/are

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
uG

x 2 – 2x + 2|a|
15. If a ≠ 0 then complete set of solution of > 0 is
x 2 – a2
(A) (–∞, –|a|) ∪ (|a|, ∞) (B) (–∞,–a) ∪ (a,∞)
(C) (–∞,–a) ∪ [a,∞) (D) (–|a|, |a|)

|x| 1
16. The complete set of solution of equation 1– = is {a,b} then
1+ | x | 2
Ed

(A) a + b = 8 (B) a + b = 3 (C) a + b = 0 (D) a + b = – 3

17. The smallest integral value of a such that |x + a – 3| + |x –2a| = |2x – a –3| is true ∀ x ∈ R is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

18. Number of positive integral solution of the equation |x2 – 3x – 3| > |x2 + 7x – 13| is/are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 2 | x | –2 
19. If (x2 – 2|x|) (|2x| – 2) – 9  2  ≤ 0 then
 x – 2 | x |
(A) x ∈ (–∞, – 1] ∪ (0,1] ∪ (2,3] (B) x ∈ (–∞, – 1] ∪ (2,3] ∪ {1}
(C) x ∈ (–∞,3] (D) x ∈ [–3 – 2) ∪ [–1,0) ∪ (0,1] ∪ (2,3]
x+2
20. Number of solution of pair of equations y = ||x| – 2| – 2| and y = equals to
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

15
21*. For making graph of equations |y| = |f(|x|)| through y = f(x) which order of step is right among the
following order of
Step Ι : y = f(|x|) (replace x by |x|)
Step ΙΙ : y = |f(x)| (take modulus of R.H.S)
Step ΙΙΙ : |y| = f(x) (replace y by |y|)
(A) Ι, ΙΙ, ΙΙΙ (B) ΙΙ, Ι, ΙΙΙ (C) ΙΙΙ, ΙΙ, Ι (D) ΙΙΙ, Ι, ΙΙ

22. The sum of all the integral values of a {where a ∈ [–10, 10)} such that the graph of the function
f(x) = ||x – 2| – a| – 3 has exactly three x-intercepts is

(A) 10 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 0

23. Let graph of y = f(x) is

(1, 1)

la
(–1, –1)

and graph of y = g(x) is

(1, 1)

(–1, –1)
il
or
The graph of y = |f(x) + g(x)| is same as
(A) y = |f(x)| + |g(x)| (B) y = 2|x| (C) y = |x| (D) y = 2

3
24. Complete set of solution of inequation – 2 – x < 2 is
2– x
(A) (–∞,1) (B) (–∞,1] (C) (1,∞) (D) [1,∞)
uG

25. Complete set of solution of inequation 3x 2 + 5x + 7 – 3x 2 + 5x + 2 > 1 is (–a, – b] ∪ [–c,d) (where a,

b, c ∈ R+) then a + b + c + d equation
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

3
26. Complete set of solution of a inequation x + 2 x –1 + x – 2 x –1 >
2
(A) (–∞,1) (B) (–∞,1] (C) [1, ∞) (D) (1, ∞)
Ed

27. If a, b, c are distinct positive number but no one among them is equal to one and
logba logca + logab logcb + logac logbc = 3, then value of abc is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D) 1

1
28. Let α, β, are two real solution of equation (log10x)2 + log10x2 = (log102)2 –1, then equal to
αβ
(A) 20 (B) 3 (C) 10 (D) 1

29. Let a, b, c, d are positive integer such that logab = 3/2 and logcd = 5/4. If a – c = 9, then value of (b – d)
is equal to
(A) 20 (B) 93 (C) 10 (D) 1

30. The values of a for which the equation 2(log3x)2 – |log3x| + a = 0 posses four real solution
1 1
(A) –2 < a < 0 (B) 0 < a < (C) 0 < a < 5 (D) – < a < 0
8 8

16
 x 2 + 6x + 9
31. If log 1 < – log2(x + 1) then complete set of values of x is
2 2(x + 1)
(A) (–1, 1 + 2 2 ) (
(B) 1– 2 2,2 ) (C) (–1, ∞) (D) ( 1– 2 2, 1 + 2 2 )

32. The least positive integer x, which satisfies the inequality log x
(x2 – 10x + 22) > 0 is equal to
log2  
2

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 8

log0.3 (x – 2)
33. Complete set of solution of equation ≥0
|x|
(A) [1, 2) ∪ (2, 3] (B) [1, 3] (C) (2, 3] (D) {1}

34. The solution set of the inequality |9x – 3x+1 + 15| < 2.9x – 3x is

la
(A) (–∞,1) (B) (1,∞) (C) (–∞,1] (D) [2, ∞)

35. The complete set of values of x satisfying the equation x2 . 2x+1 + 2|x–3| + 2 = x2.2|x–3|+ 4 + 2x–1 is
 1 1  1  1 1
(A) [3,∞) (B)  – ,  ∪ (3,∞) (C)  – ∞ –  (D)  – ,  ∪ [3,∞)
 2 2  2  2 2

  x     x     x    x 
36. If f(x) = {x} +  x +  + x +  + x +  ........+  x +  , then values of [f(

(A) 5050

2 

(B) 4950il
1 + x   
2 
1 + 2x   

(C) 17
2 
1 + 3x   

(D) 73
2 
1 + 99x  
3 )] is (where [•] denotes greatest integer function and {•} represent fractional part function)
or
37. The number of solution of the equation sgn ({x}) = |1– x| is/are (where {•} represent fractional part
function and sgn respresent signum function)
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1

x 2 – 5x + 6 sgn(x)
38. The complete set of solution of Inequality ≥ 0 is (where sgn respresent signum
xsgn(x – 1) + 1
function)
uG

(A) (–∞, –1] ∪ [0,2] ∪ [3,∞) (B) (–∞, 0] ∪ [2,∞)

(C) (–∞,2] ∪ [3,∞) (D) (–∞, –1] ∪ [0,∞)

1  3 3  2π  3  4π 
39. sin α + sin  3 + α  + sin  3 + α   is equal to
sin3α     
4 3 –3 –4
Ed

(A) (B) (C) (D)

3 4 4 3

40.* If (m + 2) sinθ + (2m – 1) cosθ = 2m + 1 then

3 2m 2m 4
(A) tanθ = (B) tanθ = 2 (C) tanθ = (D) tanθ =
4 m +1 m2 – 1 3

π
41. * Let 0 ≤ θ ≤ and x = X cosθ + Ysinθ , y = Xsinθ – Ycosθ such that x2 + 4xy + y2 = aX2 + bY2,
2
where a, b are constants then
π
(A) a = –1, b = 3 (B) θ = π/4 (C) a = 3, b = – 1 (D) θ =
3

42. Let (1 + tan 1º) (1 + tan2º) ............(1 + tan45º) = 2k then k equals to

(A) 21 (B) 22 (C) 23 (D) 24

17
43. The number of solution of 2 cosx = |sinx| where x ∈ [0,4π] is/are
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1

44. * If the equation sin (πx2) – sin(πx2 + 2πx) = 0 is solved for positive roots, then in the increasing sequence
of positive root
−1 + 7 −1 + 3
(A) first term is (B) first term is
2 2
−1 + 11
(C) third term is 1 (D) third term is
2

45. In (0, 6π), the number of solutions of the equation tanθ + tan 2θ + tan 3θ = tan θ.tan2θ.tan3θ is /are
(A) 15 (B) 17 (C) 20 (D) 12

 nπ 
46. If 2tan2x – 5 secx – 1 = 0 has 7 different roots in 0, , n ∈ N, then the greatest value of n is
2 

la

(A) 15 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) 16

47. The number of integral values of a for which the equation cos 2x + a sin x = 2a − 7 possesses a
solution.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 5

48.

(A) 10
il
If the arithmetic mean of the roots of the equation 4cos3x – 4cos2x – cos(π + x) – 1 = 0 in the interval
[0, 315] is equal to kπ , then the value of k is
(B) 20 (C) 50 (D) 80
or
49. Number of solution of sinx cosx – 3 cosx + 4 sinx – 13 > 0 in [0,2π] is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

50. The solution of 5 − 2 sin x ≥ 6 sin x – 1 is

(A) [π (12n – 7)/6, π (12n + 7)/6] (n ∈ Z) (B) [π (12n – 7)/6, π (12n + 1)/6] (n ∈ Z)
(C) [π (2n – 7)/6, π (2n + 1)/6] (n ∈ Z) (D) [π (12n – 7)/3, π (12n + 1)/3] (n ∈ Z)
uG
Ed

18
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

sin4 x cos4 x 1
1.* If + = , then [IIT-JEE - 2009 ,Paper-1, (4, –1), 80]
2 3 5
8
2 sin8 x cos x 1
(A) tan2x = (B) + =
3 8 27 125
1 sin8 x cos8 x 2
(C) tan2 x = (D) + =
3 8 27 125

π 6
 (m − 1) π   mπ 

la
2*. For 0 < θ <
2
, the solution(s) of ∑
m =1
cos ec  θ +
 4 

cos ec  θ +
 4 
= 4 2 is(are)

[IIT-JEE - 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1), 80]

π π π 5π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 12 12

1
3. The maximum value of the expression is

4.
il sin2 θ + 3 sin θ cos θ + 5cos2 θ

The positive integer value of n > 3 satisfying the equation=

1
π
1
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]

 2π 
+
1
 3π 
is
or
sin   sin   sin  
n  n   n 
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]

 π π nπ
5. The number of values of θ in the interval  – ,  such that θ ≠ 5 for n = 0, ±1, ± 2 and
 2 2
tanθ = cot 5θ as well as sin 2θ = cos 4θ is [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
uG

6. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations

(2x)n2 = (3y)n3
3nx = 2ny .
Then x0 is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
Ed

6 3 2

7. Let P = {θ : sin θ – cos θ = 2 cos θ} and Q = {θ : sin θ + cos θ = 2 sin θ} be two sets. Then
(A) P ⊂ Q and Q – P ≠ ∅ (B) Q ⊂ / P
(C) P ⊂/ Q (D) P = Q [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]

 θ θ
8.* Let θ, φ ∈ [0, 2π] be such that 2cosθ(1 – sinφ) =  tan + cot  sin2θ cosφ – 1, tan(2π – θ) > 0 and
 2 2
3
–1 < sinθ < – . Then φ cannot satisfy [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
2
π π 4π 4π 3π 3π
(A) 0 < φ < (B) < φ< (C) < φ< (D) < φ < 2π
2 2 3 3 2 2

19
  
1 1 1 1
9. The value of 6 + log3  4– 4– 4– ....  is [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]

2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
 

10.* If 3x = 4x – 1 , then x = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

2log3 2 2 1 2log2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2log3 2 – 1 2 – log2 3 1– log4 3 2log2 3 – 1

11. For x ∈ (0, π), the equation sinx + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 has
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions
(C) one solution (D) no solution

12. The number of distinct solutions of the equation [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, 0) /88]
5

la
cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x + sin6x = 2 in the interval [0, 2π] is
4

π π
13. Let – < θ<– . Suppose α1 and β1 are the roots of the equation x2 – 2x sec θ + 1 = 0 and α2 and
6 12
β2 are the roots of the equation x2 + 2x tan θ – 1 = 0. If α1 > β1 and α2 > β2 , then α1 + β2 equals
(A) 2(secθ – tan θ) (B) 2sec θ (C) – 2tan θ (D) 0
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]

14.

Let S = x ∈ (– π, π) : x ≠ 0,±
 il π
 . The sum of all distinct solutions of the equation
2
3 sec x + cosec x + 2(tan x – cot x) = 0 in the set S is equal to
or
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]

7π 2π 5π
(A) – (B) – (C) 0 (D)
9 9 9

13
uG

1
15. The value of ∑  π (k − 1)π   π kπ 
k = 1 sin
is equal to [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2 (3, –1)/62]
+  sin + 
4 6  4 6 
(A) 3 − 3 (
(B) 2 3 − 3 ) (
(C) 2 3 − 1 ) (
(D) 2 2 + 3 )
16. Let α and β be nonzero real numbers such that 2(cos β – cos α) + cos α cos β = 1. Then which of the
following is/are true? [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(4, –2)/61]
Ed

α β α β

(A) 3 tan   – tan   = 0 (B) tan   – 3 tan   = 0
2 2 2 2
α β α β
(C) tan   + 3 tan   = 0 (D) 3 tan   + tan   = 0
2 2 2 2
1 1

17. The value of ((log 2 9)2 ) log2 (log2 9) × ( 7 ) log4 7 is ___________.[JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-1,(3, 0)/60]

20
 PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. If A, B and C are three sets such that A ∩ B = A ∩ C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C, then
[AIEEE-2009, (4, – 1), 144]
(1) A = C (2) B = C (3) A ∩ B = φ (4) A = B

2. Let A and B denote the statements [AIEEE 2009 (4, –1), 144]
A : cos α + cos β + cos γ = 0
B : sin α + sin β + sin γ = 0
3
If cos (β – γ) + cos (γ – α) + cos (α – β) = – , then :
2
(1) A is false and B is true (2) both A and B are true
(3) both A and B are false (4) A is true and B is false

la
4 5 π
3. Let cos(α + β) = and let sin(α – β) = , where 0 ≤ α, β ≤ . Then tan 2α =
5 13 4
[AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
56 19 20 25
(1) (2) (3) (4)
33 12 7 16

4. If A = sin2 x + cos4 x, then for all real x : [AIEEE 2011 (4, –1), 120]

5.
3
(1) ≤ A ≤ 1
4
(2)
13
16
il ≤ A ≤1 (3) 1 ≤ A ≤ 2
3
(4) ≤ A ≤
4
13
16

Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The number of different ordered pairs (Y, Z) that can formed such that
or
Y ⊆ X, Z ⊆ X and Y ∩ Z is empty, is : [AIEEE-2012, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 5 2
(2) 35
(3) 25
(4) 53

6. In a ∆PQR, if 3 sin P + 4 cos Q = 6 and 4 sin Q + 3 cos P = 1, then the angle R is equal to :
[AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
5π π π 3π
(1) (2) (3) (4)
uG

6 6 4 4

7. Let A and B two sets containing 2 elements and 4 elements respectively. The number of subsets of
A × B having 3 or more elements is [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 256 (2) 220 (3) 219 (4) 211

tan A cot A
Ed

8. The expression + can be written as : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]

1 − cot A 1 − tan A
(1) sinA cosA + 1 (2) secA cosecA + 1 (3) tanA + cotA (4) secA + cosecA

9. If X = {4n – 3n – 1 : n ∈ N} and Y = {9(n – 1) : n ∈ N}, where N is the set of natural numbers, then X ∪ Y
is equal to [JEE(Main)2014,(4, – 1), 120]
(1) X (2) Y (3) N (4) Y – X

21
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