Name: __________________________________________

Chapter 22.1 and 22.2 Guided Notes

22.1 THE RISKS OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY
Learning Target
• Identify risky behaviors associated with the current epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases.
• Describe behaviors that can help prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections.
The Silent Epidemic
• Any pathogen that spreads from one person to another during sexual contact is called
a sexually transmitted infection, or sti .
• More than 19 million new cases of STIs are reported each year in the United States.
• Of those cases, over 3 million occur in people under age 20.
Harmful Effects of STIs
• In the short term, STIs may cause pain discomfort
, and embarrassment.
• The long-term consequences of STIs may include an increased risk of certain cancers and an
increased risk of infertility in both men and women
.
• Many STIs can be treated with medicines, but some are incurable .
• If left untreated, some STIs are fatal .
Risky Behaviors and the STI Epidemic
• There are several risky behaviors that account for the current STI epidemic.
• Ignoring risks Many people who are
sexually active do not take precautions against infection.
• multiple partners The more sexual
partners a person has, the greater the chance of getting an STI.
• not seeking treatment Sometimes people
are too embarrassed to seek treatment. Others don’t know that they have an STI
because they do not recognize the symptoms.
Avoiding STIs
• STIs are transmitted mainly through sexual comtact
, but a few are also transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person.
• Healthy behaviors such as practicing abstinence , avoiding drugs, and choosing
responsible friends are ways to avoid STIs.
Practice Abstinence
• Because STIs are spread mainly by sexual contact , the
most certain way to avoid STIs is to practice sexual abstinence.
• Teens who have been sexually active should be tested for STIs.
Avoid Drugs
• People who use illegal drugs or inject steroids run a high risk of contracting certain STIs when
they share needles that have been contaminated with the
blood of an infected person.
• Anyone who engages in sexual activity with someone who has come into contact with an
contaminated needle is at risk.
Choose Responsible Friends
• The best way to ensure that you practice abstinence and avoid drugs is to
choose friends who have also chosen those behaviors.
 • Friends who practice absince
can make it easier to resist the pressure to use drugs or engage in
sexual behavior.
Vocabulary
Sti
• An infection caused by any pathogen that spreads from one person to another during sexual
contact.
22.2 KINDS OF STIs
Learning Target
1. Identify three of the most common STIs, including their symptoms and treatments.
2. List four other STIs and describe
their symptoms.
3. Know when a person should seek treatment for an STI.
The Most Common STIs
• STIs are caused by pathogens, including
.
• STIs can be spread from person to person

• Three of the most common STIs in the United States are

Trichomoniasis
The STI known as trichomoniasis
(trik uh moh NY uh sis) is caused by a protozoan that infects the

.
In males, if trichomoniasis is not treated, it can lead to inflammation of the lining of the urethra, called
(yoor uh THRY tis).
In females, untreated trichomoniasis can lead to (vaj uh NY tis), which is a
vaginal infection or irritation.
Human Papilloma Virus
The most common viral STI in the United States is caused by the human papilloma virus
(pap uh LOH muh), or .
Some forms of HPV cause .
One of the most serious conditions associated with HPV infection is
in women.
Chlamydia
• The most common STI caused by in the United States
is chlamydia (kluh MID ee uh).
• Infected males often experience , frequent urination and discharge from
the penis.
• In females, chlamydia often has no symptoms other than a
.
 • If untreated, chlamydia can cause a serious infection of the reproductive organs
called pelvic inflammatory disease, or .
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B and C, also called HBV and HCV, are sexually transmitted infections that
.
They are also spread by contact.
Common symptoms are fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice.
Both infections may lead to liver cancer or (sih ROH sis), a condition in which
normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue.
There is for HBV or HCV.
Gonorrhea
• A bacterial STI that infects the of males and females
and the of females is gonorrhea (gahn uh REE
uh).
• Males usually have a thick, puslike discharge from the penis and
.
• Females sometimes experience and a puslike discharge
from the vagina or urinary tract.
Genital Herpes
• Another STI caused by a is genital herpes (HUR peez).
• The virus that causes genital herpes is the herpes simplex virus.
• In some people, the symptoms may be
hardly noticeable.
• In other people, symptoms may be more severe, including
that appear on or around the genitals.
• .
Syphilis
• Syphilis (SIF uh lis) is a serious STI that progresses through three distinct
stages.
• In the first stage, a painless sore called a (SHANG kur) appears at the
site of exposure.
• In the second stage, sores appear in the mouth and
develop.
• In the third stage, bacteria attack internal parts of the body.
• Eventually, untreated syphilis can cause

.
Seeking Treatment
• People who participate in high-risk behaviors should get medical checkups every
.
• Individuals who suspect they may be infected should seek prompt medical attention.
• Depending on the symptoms, the doctor may need to do a physical exam or a blood test.
• If a person finds out that he or she has an STI, it is also important to notify any sexual partners,
so they can seek treatment as well.
Vocabulary
●
 o A sexually transmitted infection caused by a protozoan that infects the urinary tract or
vagina.
● Urethritis
o Inflammation of the lining of the urethra.
● Vaginitis
o A vaginal infection or irritation.
●
o A very common viral sexually transmitted infection.
●
o A very common sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria.
● pelvic inflammatory disease
o A serious infection of the female reproductive organs that can lead to infertility or
an ectopic pregnancy.
●
o A bacterial sexually transmitted infection that infects the urinary tract of males and
females and the reproductive organs of females.
●
o A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.
● Vocabulary

●
o A serious bacterial sexually transmitted infection that progresses through three distinct
stages.
● Chancre

● A painless sore that appears during the first stage of syphilis infection.