INTERNATIONAL

BACCALAUREATE
DIPLOMA PROGRAMME

Standard Level Mathematics

EXAM BANK QUESTIONS

ANSWERS

Topic 2 – Functions I
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

1. (a) y  2 x  3

gradient of line L1  2 (A1) (C1)

Note: Award (A0) for 2x .
(b) METHOD 1
( y  y1 )  m ( x  x1 )   y  (4)   2( x  6) (M1)
y  4  2 x  12 (A1)
y  2 x  8 (A1) (C3)
METHOD 2
y  mx  c
Substituting the point  6, 4  in
4
, i.e. = –2(6) + b (M1)
b8 (A1)
y  2 x  8 (A1) (C3)
(c) when line L1 cuts the x-axis, y = 0 (M1)
y  2 x  8
x4 (A1) (C2)
[6]

2. (a) y  2x  1
x  2y 1 (M1)
x 1
y
2
x 1
f 1 ( x) 
2 (A1) (C2)
(b) g  f (2)   g (3) (A1)
 3(3)  4
2

 23 (A1) (C2)
(c) f  g ( x)   f (3 x 2  4)
 2(3 x 2  4)  1 (A1)
 6x  7
2
(A1) (C2)
[6]
3. x = g–1(f(0.25)) (M1)
= log2((0.25)1/2) (A1)
1
 
= log2  2  (A1)
= –1 (A1)
OR
f–1(x) = x2 (M1)
= (f–1 ° g)(x) = f–1(2x) = 22x (M1)
Therefore, 22x = 0.25 = 2–2 (M1)
 2x = –2
 x = –1 (A1)
[4]

4. 3  2x = 5 (M1)

2
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

3 – 2x = 25 (A1)
–2x = 22 (A1)
x = –11 (A1) (C4)
OR

Let y = 3  2 x
 y2 = 3 – 2x (M1)
3  y2
x= 2 (A1)
3  x2
 f–1(x) = 2
3  25
 f–1(5) = 2 (M1)
= –11 (A1) (C4)
[4]
5. ln(x – 2)  0 since we need to find its square root (M1)(R1)
x–21 (A1)
x3 (A1)
Note: x > 3 : deduct [1 mark] ([2 marks] if no working shown)
[4]

6. (a) f–1(2)  3x + 5 = 2 (M1)

x = –1 (A1) (C2)
(b) g(f(–4) = g(–12 + 5)
= g(–7) (A1)
= 2(1 + 7)
= 16 (A1) (C2)
[4]
7. (a)
y
6

x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
A1A1 2
Note: Award (A1) for the general shape and (A1) for the j-
intercept at 1.
(b) x = 3, x = –3 A1A1 2
(c) y1 A2 2
Note: Award N1 for y > 1.
[6]

3
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

6–x
8. (a) y= 2
6– y
=> x = 2 (M1)
=> y = 6 – 2x = g–1(x) (A1) (C2)
(b) (f ° g–1)(x) = 4[(6 – 2x) –1] = 4(5 –2x) = 20 – 8x (M1)(A1)
20 – 8x = 4 => 8x = 16 (M1)
=> x = 2 (A1) (C4)
[6]

9. (a) (f ° g): x 3(x + 2) (= 3x + 6) A2 2

(b) METHOD 1
x
f–1(x) = 3 g–1(x) = x – 2 (M1)
18
f–1(18) = 3 A1
g–1(18) = 18 – 2 A1
f–1(18) + g–1(18) = 6 +16 A1
f–1(18) + g–1(18) = 22 AG 4

METHOD 2
3x = 18, x + 2 = 18 (M1)
x = 6, x = 16 A1A1
f–1(18) + g–1(18) = 6 +16 A1
f–1(18) + g–1(18) = 22 AG 4
[6]

10. (a) a = 3, b = 4 (A1)

f(x) = (x – 3)2 + 4 A1 (C2)
(b) y = (x – 3)2 + 4
METHOD 1
x = (y – 3)2 + 4 (M1)
x – 4 = (y – 3)2
x4 =y–3 (M1)
y= x4 +3 (A1) 3
METHOD 2
y – 4 = (x – 3)2 (M1)
y4 =x–3 (M1)
y4 +3=x
y= x4 +3
 f–1(x) = x  4 + 3 (A1) 3
(c) x4 (A1)(C1)
[6]

11. f(x) = 2e3x. Let x = 2e3y (M1)

4
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

x
 2 = e3y (A1)
 x
 
 ln  2  = 3y (A1)
1  x
ln 
 y = 3 2 (A1)
1  x
ln 
that is f–1(x) = 3  2  (C4)
[4]

interchanging x and y (may happen later) x  e  8

y 11
12. (a) (M1)
e y 11  x  8 (A1)

 
ln e y 11  ln ( x  8)
(A1)
f 1 ( x)  ln ( x  8)  11 (A1) (C4)
(b) Domain is x  8 (A2) (C2)
Note: Award (A1)(A0) for x  8 .
[6]

13. (a) C has equation x = 2y (A1)

i.e. y = log2x (A1) (C2)
OR Equation of B is x = log2y (A1)
Therefore equation of C is y = log2x (A1) (C2)
(b) Cuts x-axis  log2x = 0
x = 2° (A1)
x=1
Point is (1, 0) (A1) (C2)
[4]

14. (a) f(3) = 23 (M1)

3
2
3
(g ° f) (3) = 2 – 2 (M1)
8
= 6 (A1)
4
(g ° f) (3) = 3 (C3)
y
(b) x= y–2 (M1)
x (y –2) = y  y (x – 1) = 2x
2x
 y =  x – 1 (A1)
10
y = 5 – 1 = 2.5 (A1) (C3)
Note: Interchanging x and y may take place at any time.
[6]

5
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

15. (a) x = e–y (M1)

ln x = –y (A1)
y = f–1(x) = –ln x (A1) (C3)
(b) (g ° f)(x) = g(e–x) (M1)
–x
e
= 1 e
–x
(A2) (C3)
x
–
1 x
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for = e (i.e. for (f ° g)(x))
[6]
16. (a)
y
2

1 .5

0 .5

0
0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 3 3 .5 x

– 0 .5

–1

– 1 .5

–2 (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for the graph crossing the y-axis between 0.5
and 1, and (A1) for an approximate sine curve crossing the x-
axis twice. Do not penalize for x >3.14.
π 1
  
(b) (Maximum) x = 0.285…  4 2  (A1)
x = 0.3 (1 d.p.) (A1) (C2)
 3π 1 
  
(Minimum) x = 1.856…  4 2  (A1)
x = 1.9 (1 d.p.) (A1) (C2)
[6]

17. (a) p=3 (A1) 1

π
2

 3 cos xdx
(b) Area = 0 (M1)


= [3 sin x] 02 (A1)
= 3 square units (A1) 3
[4]

18. (g ° f) (x) = 0  2cosx + 1 = 0 (M1)

6
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

1
 cosx = – 2 (A1)
2 4
,
x= 3 3 (A1)(A1)
Note: Accept 120°, 240°
[4]

19. (a) (i) a  1   accept (1   , 0)  (A1)

(ii) b  1   accept (1   , 0)  (A1) 2

1 2

(b) (i)   2.14

h ( x) dx   h ( x) dx
1 (M1)(A1)(A1)
OR
1 2
  2.14
h ( x ) dx   1
h ( x ) dx
(M1)(A1)(A1)
OR
1 1
  2.14
h ( x) dx   h ( x) dx
2 (M1)(A1)(A1)
(ii) 5.141...  (0.1585...)
= 5.30 (A2) 5
(c) (i) y = 0.973 (A1)
(ii) 0.240  k  0.973 (A3) 4
[11]

20. (a) (i) 1 (A1) (C1)

(ii) 2 (A1) (C1)

(iii) f (14)  f (2)  or f (5) or f (8)  (M1)

= –1 (A1) (C2)
(b) There are five repeated periods of the graph, each with two solutions, (R1)
(i.e. number of solutions is 5 × 2)
 10 (A1) (C2)
[6]

21. Note: Award no marks if candidates work in degrees.

(a) (A1)(A1)(A1)(A1) (C4)

7
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

y
4
3
2
1
0
0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 3 x
–1
P
–2
–3
–4
(b) 1.26, 2.26 (A1)(A1) (C1)(C1)
[6]

22. (a) At A, x = 0 => y = sin (e0) = sin (1) (M1)

=> coordinates of A = (0,0.841) (A1)
OR
A(0, 0.841) (G2) 2
(b) sin(ex) = 0 => ex =  (M1)
=> x = ln  (or k = π) (A1)
OR
x = ln  (or k = π) (A2) 2
(c) (i) Maximum value of sin function = 1 (A1)
dy
(ii) dx = ex cos (ex) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for and cos(ex)(A1) for ex.

dy
(iii) dx = 0 at a maximum (R1)
ex cos (ex) = 0
=> ex = 0 (impossible) or cos (ex) = 0 (M1)
π π
=> ex = 2 => x = ln 2 (A1)(AG) 6

(d) (i) Area = 

ln π

0
 
sin e x dx
(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for 0, (A1) for ln π, (A1) for sin(ex).
(ii) Integral = 0.90585 = 0.906 (3 s.f.) (G2) 5
(e)

8
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

y=x3

(M1)
At P, x = 0.87656 = 0.877 (3 s.f.) (G2) 3
[18]

23.
y

n–1

x
m –1 m
x
(a) y = 0  x = 0 or sin 3 = 0 (M1)
x
 3 = 0, 
 x = 0, 3
m = 10 (A1)
OR
From a graphic display calculator
y = 0  x = 9.43 (or x between 9 and 10) (M1)
 m = 10 (A1) (C2)
(b) ymax = 5.46 (or between 5 and 6)max = 5.46 y (M1)
n=6 (A1) (C2)
[4]

24. (a) x1 = –0.790 and x1 = 1.79 (A1)(A1) 2

(b) (i) a = –0.790 (A1)
(ii) b = 1.79 (A1) 2
(c) When x is large, the value of g(x) becomes much larger than the value
of 2x3. (R1)

9
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

2 x3
As a consequence, the value of g ( x) approaches 0.
Thus f(x) approaches 1. (R1)(AG) 2
(d) (i) At A, x = –1 (A1)
(ii) At B, x = 1 (A1) 2
(e) Horizontal point of inflexion
OR
Gradient of tangent = 0 => f'(x) = 0 (A1)
Point of inflexion => f"(x) = 0 (A1) 2
[10]

25.
sketch relation letters
(i) A F (A1)(A1) (C2)
(ii) C E (A1)(A1) (C2)
(iii) B D (A1)(A1) (C2)
[6]

26. (a) (i) a = –3 (A1)

(ii) b=5 (A1) 2
(b) (i) f(x) = –3x2 + 4x + 15 (A2)
(ii) –3x2 + 4x + 15 = 0
–(3x + 5) (x – 3) = 0 (M1)
5
x = – 3 or x = 3 (A1)(A1)
OR
5
x = – 3 or x = 3 (G3)
(iii) x = 3  f(3) = –33 + 2(32) + 15(3) (M1)
= –27 + 18 + 45 =36 (A1)
OR
f(3) = 36 (G2) 7
(c) (i) f(x) = 15 at x = 0 (M1)
Line through (0, 0) of gradient 15
 y = 15x (A1)
OR
y = 15x (G2)
(ii) –x3 + 2x2 + 15x = 15x (M1)
 –x3 + 2x2 = 0
 –x2 (x – 2) = 0
x=2 (A1)
OR
x=2 (G2) 4
(d) Area =115 (3 s.f.) (G2)
OR

10
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

5
6  x4 x3 x2 
0
( x 3  2 x 2  15 x)dx  
 4
2
3
 15 
2 0
Area = (M1)
1375
= 12 = 115 (3 s.f.) (A1) 2
[15]

27. (a) (i)

y y = s in ( 1 + s in x )
1

x
1 2 3 4 5 6 (A4)
Notes: Only a rough sketch of the graph is required (no scales
necessary).
Award (A1) for any one (local) maximum.

Award (A1) for the minimum at 2 , (A1) for the second
minimum.
(ii) Maximum/minimum points at:
0.6075, 1.571, 2.534, 4.712 (G1)(G1)(G1)(G1)(A1) 9
Note: Award the (A1) if all four answers are correct to 4 s.f.
(b) (i) See graph (A1)
3π 4.712

(ii)  0
2 sin
(1 + sin x)dx or
 sin
0
(1 + sin x)dx (A2)
(iii) 3.517 (G2) 5
(c) For all x, –1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1; hence 0 ≤ 1 + sin x ≤2. (R1)
On the interval [0, 2] sin x ≥ 0; hence sin(1 +sin x) ≥ 0 (R1) 2
[16]

2x  1
28. (a) (i) f(x) = x  3
7
= 2 + x  3 by division or otherwise (M1)
Therefore as x    f(x)  2 (A1)
 y = 2 is an asymptote (AG)
2x  1
lim
OR x  x  3 = 2 (M1)(A1)
 y = 2 is an asymptote (AG)
OR make x the subject
yx – 3y = 2x + 1
x(y – 2) = 1 + 3y (M1)
1  3y
x= y2 (A1)
 y = 2 is an asymptote (AG)
11
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

Note: Accept inexact methods based on the ratio of the

coefficients of x

(ii) Asymptote at x = 3 (A1)

(iii) P(3, 2) (A1) 4
1  1 
  , 0
(b) f(x) = 0  x = – 2  2  (M1)(A1)
1  1
 0, 
3
x = 0  f(x) = –  3 (M1)(A1) 4
Note: These do not have to be in coordinate form.
(c)
y

3 x

(A4) 4
Note: Asymptotes (A1)
Intercepts (A1)
“Shape” (A2)
( x  3)(2)  (2 x  1)
(d) f(x) = ( x  3) 2 (M1)
7
2
= ( x  3) (A1)
= Slope at any point
Therefore slope when x = 4 is –7 (A1)
And f(4) = 9 i.e. S(4,9) (A1)
 Equation of tangent: y – 9 = –7(x – 4) (M1)
7x + y – 37 = 0 (A1) 6
7
2
(e) at T, ( x  3) = –7 (M1)
 (x – 3)2 = 1 (A1)
x – 3 = ±l (A1)
x  4 or 2  S (4, 9)

y  9 or – 5 T (2,  5) (A1)(A1) 5
 4  2 9 5
 , 
(f) Midpoint [ST] =  2 2 
= (3, 2)
= point P (A1) 1
[24]

12
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

29. (a)
y
2

0 x
–2 –1 1

–1

–2
(A1)(A1)(C1)(C1)
(b) x = –1.29 (A2) (C2)
[4]

 π
 3x  
30. From sketch of graph y = 4sin  2 (M2)
or by observing sin   1.
k > 4, k < –4 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
4

0 2
–2 – 0 
–1

–2

–3

–4
[4]

13
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

31. (a) g(x) = 2f(x – l)

x 0 1 2 3
x–1 –1 0 1 2
f(x – 1) 3 2 0 1
g(0) = 2 f(–1) = 6 (A1) (C1)
g(1) = 2 f(0) = 4 (A1) (C1)
g(2) = 2 f(l) =0 (A1) (C1)
g(3) = 2 f(2) = 2 (A1) (C1)
(b) Graph passing through (0, 6), (1, 4), (2,0), (3,2) (A1)
Correct shape. (A1)

y
8

6
E
5

4
A
3
B
2
D
1
C
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x

–1

–2
(C2)
[6]
32. (a) (i)
y
2

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1

–2
(A2) (C2)
-

14
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

(ii)
y
2

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1

–2
(A2) (C2)
(b) A (3, 2) (Accept x  3 , y  2 ) (A1)(A1) (C2)
[6]

33.
y
6

5
(a )

3
(b )

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

(a) (A1)(A1) (C2)

(b) (A1)(A3) (C4)
(a) Note: Award (A1) for the correct line, (A1) for using the given domain.
(b) Correct domain (A1)
EITHER
The correct line drawn (A3)
OR
g(x) = f(x + 3) – 2
= (2(x + 3) + 1) – 2 (M1)
= 2x + 5 (A1)
Candidate’s line drawn (A1)
OR
g(–3) = –1 g(–1) = 3 (A1)(A1)
Line joining g(–3) and g(–1) drawn (A1)

15
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

[6]

34. (a) For a reasonable attempt to complete the square, (or expanding)
3x2 – 12x + 11 = 3(x2 – 4x + 4)+ 11 – 12
= 3(x – 2)2 – 1 (Accept h = 2, k = l) A1A1 2

(b) METHOD 1
Vertex shifted to (2 + 3, –1 + 5) = (5, 4) M1
so the new function is 3 (x – 5)2 + 4 (Accept p = 5, q = 4) A1A1 2
METHOD 2
g(x) = 3((x – 3) – h)2 + k + 5 = 3((x – 3)–2)2 – 1 + 5 M1
= 3(x – 5)2 + 4 (Accept p = 5, q = 4) A1A1 2
[6]

35.

8
y = x2

6 y = 5 – 3 (x – 4 )
2

–2 0 2 4 6
q=5 (A1) (C1)
k = 3, p = 4 (A3) (C3)
[4]

36. (a) (i) f ( x)  6sin 2 x (A1)(A1)

(ii) EITHER
f ( x)  12sin x cos x  0
 sin x  0 or cos x  0 (M1)
OR
sin 2 x  0 ,
for 0  2 x  2 (M1)
THEN
π
x  π0, ,
2 (A1)(A1)(A1) 6
(b) (i) translation (A1)
in the y-direction of –1 (A1)
(ii) 1.11 (1.10 from TRACE is subject to AP) (A2) 4
[10]

37. (a) (i) p=2 (A2) (C2)

16
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

q
(ii) 10 = 3 – 2 (or equivalent) (M1)
q = 10 (A1) (C2)
(b) Reflection, in x-axis (A1)(A1) (C2)
[6]

38. (a) I
(b) III
(c) IV
Note: Award (C4) for 3 correct, (C2) for 2 correct, (C1) for 1
correct.
[4]

39. (a)
y

3 .5

2 .5

1 .5

0 .5

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
– 0 .5

–1

– 1 .5

–2

– 2 .5 (A2) (C2)
 3
1, 
(b) Minimum:  2  (A1) (C1)
Maximum: (2, 2) (A1) (C1)
[4]

40. (a) y = (x – 1)2 (A2) (C2)

(b) y = 4(x – 1)2 (A1) (C1)
(c) y = 4(x – 1)2 +3 (A1) (C1)
Note: Do not penalise if these are correctly expanded.
[4]
41. (a) (i) p = (10x + 2) – (1 + e2x) A2 2
Note: Awards (A1) for (l + e2x) – (10x + 2).
dp
(ii) dx = 10 – 2e2x A1A1
dp
dx = 0 (10 – 2e2x = 0) M1

17
 IB Standard Level Functions I - Answers

1n 5
x = 2 (= 0.805) A1 4
(b) (i) METHOD 1
x = 1 + e2x M1
1n(x – 1) = 2y A1
1n ( x  1)  1n ( x  1) 
 Allow y  
f–1(x) = 2  2  A1 3
METHOD 2
y – 1 = e2x A1
ln( y  1)
2 =x M1
1n ( x  1)  1n ( x  1) 
 Allow y  
f–1(x) = 2  2  A1 3
1n (5  1)  1
  1n 2 
2
(ii) a= 2  2  M1
1
= 2 × 21n2 A1
= 1n 2 AG 2
b

Using V = 
πy 2 dx
(c) a (M1)

π(1  e 2 x ) 2 dx  or π(1  e 2 x ) 2 dx 
ln 2 0.805

Volume =  0   0  A2 3
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