Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research

and Technology, Chandrapur

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Academic Year (2024-2025)

“ AUTOMATIC PARKING GATE ”

PNR No Name of Students

230416313705 Ritika . S . Nagrale
02
230416313705 Harika . S . Golewar
03
230416313705 Rahul . V . Walke
05
230416313700 Shadaf . H . Pathan
59

Project Guide

Prof. ( Anjum . N . Qureshi )

 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological
University, Lonere, Raigad
Vision and Mission of Institute

Vision

To be on forefront to impart quality education to address societal and industrial needs and imbibe
career skills through perseverance and practice.

Mission

 To adapt innovative student centric learning methods based on understanding and practice.
 To enhance professional and entrepreneurial skills.
 To motivate students to meet dynamic needs of the society with novelty and creativity.
 To promote research and continuing education to keep country ahead.
 To promote the mindset to acquire local solutions to local problems(LS2LP).

Vision and Mission of Department

Vision

Emerge as a Centre of excellence for Electronics and Communication Engineering, imparting value
based education and conducting quality research in cutting edge technologies, thus contributing in
socio-economic growth of the country.

Mission

Missio Mission Statement

n no.
Foster effective teaching-learning process to ensure proper diffusion of
M1
knowledge to the students
Create an environment to encourage and motivate students to apply their
M2
mind to the engineering problems
Provide platform to students to hone their technical and soft skills necessary
M3
to succeed in their professional life
 Acknowledgement

The goal was clear, the steps were planned, and we began our
journey with enthusiasm, vigor, and keen interest. Although we
encountered obstacles that made the journey challenging, our
determination only grew stronger with time. What once seemed
out of reach became achievable through persistence and
teamwork.

This journey reaffirmed the saying:

"Try, try, and you will succeed"

This project has been successfully completed under the

invaluable guidance of Prof. A . N . Qureshi from the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
Her constant appreciation, encouragement, and inspiring
support have played a crucial role in helping us stay focused
and motivated throughout the development process.

We would also like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof.

Pagar Dhankar, Head of the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, for his valuable insights and
guidance, and to Dr. A. Z. Chitade, Principal of Rajiv Gandhi
College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur,
for providing us with the opportunity and necessary resources.

Lastly, we extend our heartfelt thanks to all the teaching and

non-teaching staff, as well as our friends, who have supported
us directly or indirectly in completing this project on Automatic
Parking Gate.
Thank you!

RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING, RESEARCH AND
TECCHNOLOGY, CHANDRAPUR –
442403

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project titled,

“ AUTOMATIC PARKING GATE ”

has been successfully presented by

Ritika . S . Nagrale , Harika . S . Golewar

Rahul . V . Walke , Shadaf . H . Pathan

In partial fulfilment for awarding degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Electronics and Communication Engineering by

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere

during academic year 2024-2025

GUIDE Incharge H.O.D

Prof. Anjum Qureshi Prof. Prabhakar Thawari Prof. Parag
Dhankar

Index

Sr. Contents Page No.

No.

1. Introduction

2. Aims

3. Abstract

4. Objectives

5. Review of Literature

6. Methodology

7. Plan of Work

8. Expected Outcomes

9. References
 List of Abbreviations

Sr. Abbreviations Meaning

No.

Infrare
1. IR d

2. LCD Liquid Crystal Display

3. RFID Radio Frequency Identification

4. DC Direct
Current

5. LED Light Emitting

Diode

Global System for

6. GSM Mobile
Communication

Internet of
7. IoT Things
 Introduction

In today’s modern era, automation has become an essential

part of daily life, offering convenience, safety, and efficiency.
One area where automation proves especially useful is in
vehicle parking systems. Manual operation of parking gates can
lead to traffic congestion, delays, and security concerns. The
Automatic Parking Gate System aims to address these issues
by automating the process of opening and closing the gate
when a vehicle is detected, reducing the need for human
intervention.

This project uses components such as IR sensors, a

microcontroller, and a motor mechanism to detect the presence
of a vehicle and control the gate accordingly. When a vehicle
approaches the gate, the sensor sends a signal to the
microcontroller, which triggers the motor to open the gate.
Once the vehicle passes, the gate closes automatically. This
system is ideal for residential apartments, office parking areas,
malls, and other private parking lots, ensuring smooth and
secure vehicle movement.

The components used in this project include IR sensors, a

microcontroller (such as Arduino or ATmega), a motor driver,
and a motor mechanism. These components work in
coordination to detect, process, and respond to the presence of
a vehicle. The system is designed to be compact, cost-effective,
and easy to install. It can be powered through a DC source and
may also be enhanced with additional features like RFID, GSM,
or mobile app integration for improved functionality.

The Automatic Parking Gate System is ideal for use in a

variety of places such as residential apartments, shopping
malls, office buildings, and private parking lots. It provides
enhanced security, reduces the dependency on manual labor,
and ensures efficient traffic management. The project
demonstrates how automation and basic electronics can be
effectively combined to create smart solutions for real-world
problems.

Aims

The aim of this project is to design and develop an Automatic

Parking Gate System that operates using sensors and a
microcontroller to detect vehicles and automatically open or
close the gate, thereby reducing human effort, enhancing
security, and improving traffic flow in parking areas.

The system makes use of IR (Infrared) sensors,

microcontrollers, and motor drivers to perform its functions.
When a vehicle approaches, the sensor detects its presence
and sends a signal to the microcontroller, which then processes
the input and activates the motor to open the gate. After the
vehicle passes, the system automatically closes the gate. The
goal is to make this process seamless and fully automatic.

Another important objective is to improve security and reduce

the chances of unauthorized access. In manual systems,
gatekeepers might make errors or leave gates open, leading to
potential risks. An automatic system eliminates such human
errors, ensuring that the gate operates only when a valid
vehicle is detected. The system can also be upgraded with
RFID, number plate recognition, or access cards for more
secure access control.

This project also aims to offer a cost-effective, reliable, and

easy-to-maintain solution that can be implemented in
residential societies, offices, malls, schools, and private parking
areas. By replacing manual gate systems with an automated
version, we aim to contribute to smart infrastructure and
support the development of intelligent traffic and parking
management solutions.

Ultimately, the aim of this project is not only to automate a

basic task but to contribute towards the broader vision of smart
city development. By implementing this Automatic Parking
Gate System, we hope to promote the use of intelligent
automation in daily life, making environments more efficient,
secure, and user-friendly.

Abstract

This project presents the design and development of an

Automatic Parking Gate System that aims to simplify and
automate vehicle entry and exit in parking areas. Using IR
sensors and a microcontroller, the system detects incoming
vehicles and automatically opens the gate. Once the vehicle
passes, the gate closes securely.

This setup reduces the need for manual gate operation,

enhances security, and improves efficiency in vehicle
movement. The system is cost-effective, easy to install, and
suitable for residential as well as commercial parking spaces.

The rapid increase in vehicle numbers, along with the need for
more efficient and secure parking solutions, has led to the
development of automated systems in parking management.
The Automatic Parking Gate System is designed to address
the inefficiencies and limitations of traditional manual gate
operations. This system aims to automate the process of
vehicle entry and exit, ensuring smooth traffic flow and
enhanced security in parking spaces.

The system utilizes Infrared (IR) sensors and a microcontroller

to detect the presence of vehicles and control the gate's
operation. Upon detecting a vehicle, the IR sensor sends a
signal to the microcontroller, which activates the motor to open
the gate. After the vehicle passes, the gate closes
automatically. This system eliminates the need for manual gate
operation, saving time and minimizing human error.

The project is designed to be a cost-effective, simple, and

scalable solution for parking management in residential
complexes, office buildings, shopping malls, and private
parking lots. With its reliable performance and easy installation,
the Automatic Parking Gate System offers a practical
application of automation in enhancing the efficiency and
security of modern parking environments.

Objectives

The primary objective of this project is to develop an efficient

and user-friendly Automatic Parking Gate System that can
automate the opening and closing of gates based on vehicle
detection. The aim is to reduce the reliance on manual labor
while enhancing the overall convenience, speed, and safety of
parking operations. This is particularly useful in places like
residential societies, office premises, shopping complexes, and
institutional campuses where vehicle movement is frequent.

One of the key technical goals is to implement an IR (Infrared)

sensor-based detection system that accurately identifies the
presence of a vehicle near the gate. This detection is then
processed by a microcontroller, which triggers a motor
mechanism to open the gate. After the vehicle has passed, the
system automatically closes the gate. This approach ensures a
contactless and efficient flow of traffic, reducing delays and
minimizing congestion.

Another important objective is to ensure the system is reliable,

cost-effective, and easy to maintain. The design is kept simple
to make installation and operation hassle-free, even for users
with minimal technical knowledge. In addition, the system must
be robust enough to function effectively under different
environmental conditions. Safety mechanisms are also
considered to prevent accidents or damage during gate
movement.

Lastly, the project aims to create a foundation for future

enhancements. The system can be expanded by integrating
RFID for access control, GSM modules for remote
communication, or number plate recognition for security
tracking. These enhancements can transform a basic parking
gate into a smart, secure, and fully automated access system,
contributing to the broader vision of smart infrastructure
development.

Review of Literature

Over the years, automation in parking systems has gained

significant attention due to increasing urbanization and vehicle
usage. Researchers and engineers have explored various
methods to streamline parking management through
automated gate control systems. Early systems primarily relied
on manual control or simple remote-based mechanisms, which,
although effective to some extent, lacked the efficiency,
accuracy, and intelligence needed in high-traffic areas. These
limitations led to the development of sensor-based gate control
technologies.

Studies and project implementations in academic and industrial

domains have shown that IR sensors are one of the most
reliable tools for vehicle detection. Research has demonstrated
their effectiveness in detecting object proximity without
physical contact, making them ideal for parking systems.
Projects integrating microcontrollers like Arduino or ATmega
have proven successful in interpreting sensor signals and
automating mechanical responses such as gate movement,
showing high levels of precision and reliability.

Several scholarly articles and case studies have explored the

integration of additional technologies such as RFID, GSM, and
IoT in parking gate systems. For instance, RFID-based parking
systems allow access only to registered vehicles, enhancing
security in private and institutional settings. Meanwhile, GSM-
based systems enable remote gate operation and monitoring,
expanding the control capabilities for security personnel or
residents. These advancements show a clear trend toward
more intelligent and secure automation.

In conclusion, the existing literature supports the feasibility and

effectiveness of automated parking gate systems using sensors
and microcontrollers. While many existing systems offer
advanced features, they often come at a higher cost or
complexity. This project aims to combine the core benefits of
these technologies—efficiency, reliability, and simplicity—into a
practical and affordable solution suitable for a wide range of
applications.

Methodology

The development of the Automatic Parking Gate System was

carried out in a phased approach, beginning with the planning
and selection of components. A study was conducted on
various sensor technologies, and Infrared (IR) sensors were
selected for their reliability, low cost, and ease of integration
with microcontrollers. The microcontroller chosen for this
project was the ATmega328P, which provided sufficient
input/output pins and processing capability to handle sensor
signals and control the gate motor mechanism.

The hardware design phase involved assembling the circuit on

a breadboard to test individual components. IR sensors were
calibrated to detect vehicles within a range of 30 to 40 cm,
ensuring accurate detection without false triggers from distant
objects. A motor driver (L298N) was used to interface the
microcontroller with the DC motor responsible for gate
movement. The power supply was designed using a 12V
adapter regulated through voltage converters to ensure safe
operation of all components.

In the software phase, the microcontroller was programmed

using the Arduino IDE. The logic included real-time monitoring
of the IR sensor, motor activation on detection, and a short
delay before closing the gate once the vehicle passed.
Additional safety logic was implemented to prevent the gate
from closing if the sensor still detected an object. Testing was
conducted using a toy vehicle to simulate entry and exit, and
multiple trials were carried out to fine-tune timing and
response.

After successful testing on the breadboard, the circuit was

soldered onto a PCB for durability. The system was then
mounted on a wooden model gate structure to simulate real-
world use. The final prototype was tested under different
lighting and environmental conditions to ensure consistent
performance. Observations were recorded and minor
adjustments were made to improve detection accuracy and
motor speed. The system was found to be stable, responsive,
and suitable for small-to-medium parking areas.

Plan of Work
The project work was planned over a period of eight weeks,
divided into multiple phases to ensure smooth execution and
timely completion. In the first two weeks, the focus was on
understanding the problem statement, gathering requirements,
and performing a comparative study of different sensor-based
automation techniques. The components such as IR sensors,
microcontroller (ATmega328P), motor driver, and power supply
units were identified, listed, and procured from local and online
sources.
In the third and fourth weeks, circuit designing and
prototyping were carried out. The IR sensors were tested for
distance accuracy, and the microcontroller was programmed
with basic logic to respond to sensor inputs. Initial trials were
conducted using a breadboard setup, and adjustments were
made to ensure reliable vehicle detection. Simultaneously, the
gate mechanism was designed using light materials like
thermocol and cardboard to simulate a physical gate for
demonstration purposes.

During the fifth and sixth weeks, full system integration was
performed. All components were connected on a PCB for
durability, and the final code was uploaded to the
microcontroller using Arduino IDE. The motor and gate system
were calibrated to ensure smooth opening and closing without
delay or noise. Extensive testing was conducted with mock
vehicles under different environmental conditions such as
bright light and shade to verify the stability and responsiveness
of the system.

In the final two weeks, a wooden base model was constructed

for presentation purposes, and final modifications were made
based on feedback received during testing. A detailed
documentation process was also initiated, covering circuit
diagrams, component specifications, and programming logic.
Presentation slides and a working video demo were prepared.
The project was finalized and successfully demonstrated in
front of the faculty panel, receiving positive feedback for its
simplicity and effectiveness.

Expected Outcomes

The primary expected outcome of this project is a fully

functional Automatic Parking Gate System capable of
detecting vehicles and autonomously controlling the opening
and closing of a model gate. The system should respond swiftly
and accurately to the presence of a vehicle using IR sensors,
with the microcontroller effectively processing the sensor input
and activating the gate mechanism without any human
intervention.

Another key expectation is the improvement of traffic flow

and convenience in parking areas. With the automated gate
system in place, vehicles will be able to enter and exit
smoothly, reducing waiting time and eliminating the need for
manual gate operation. This not only improves the user
experience but also reduces the workload on security personnel
or gatekeepers in busy locations.

The project is also expected to demonstrate enhanced

security features. The gate will only operate when a vehicle
is present, minimizing the chance of unauthorized access. In
future iterations, it is anticipated that the system can be easily
upgraded with RFID, GSM, or camera modules for identification
and remote monitoring. These capabilities lay the groundwork
for a more advanced smart gate system suitable for high-
security areas.

Finally, the outcome includes creating a cost-effective and

scalable prototype that can serve as a reference for real-
world applications. The system is expected to be affordable,
easy to maintain, and adaptable for different sizes of gates and
locations. The successful completion of this project will not only
validate the concept but also showcase the potential of basic
automation in solving everyday infrastructure challenges.

References
[1] A. Kumar, “Design and Implementation of Sensor-Based
Automated Gate System,” International Journal of Embedded
Systems and Robotics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 45–49, 2022.

[2] S. Mehta and R. Patil, “Smart Parking Solutions Using

Arduino and IR Sensors,” Journal of Innovative Engineering
Technologies, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 18–24, 2021.

[3] T. Deshmukh, “Automation in Vehicle Access Control

Systems,” Proceedings of the National Conference on Smart
Infrastructure, Nagpur, India, 2023.

[4] R. S. Bhad, “Microcontroller Applications in Real-Time

Embedded Systems,” Shri Sai Polytechnic Technical Review,
vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 12–17, 2020.

[5] P. Shah, “A Study on IR Sensors for Object Detection in

Embedded Systems,” Indian Journal of Electronics and
Automation, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 33–38, 2022.

[6] S. N. Pilare, “Practical Applications of Automation in Parking

Areas,” Chandrapur Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 4, no.
1, pp. 9–15, 2021.

[7] Arduino Foundation, Getting Started with Arduino: A

Beginner’s Guide, Arduino Press, 2021.