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Encoding Scheme

The document explains how computers represent data using bits and bytes, with 1 byte consisting of 8 bits. It details character encoding systems like ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode, which translate numerical data into readable characters. Additionally, it outlines data measurement units such as kilobits, megabits, and gigabits for data transfer rates and kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes for data storage.

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44 views11 pages

Encoding Scheme

The document explains how computers represent data using bits and bytes, with 1 byte consisting of 8 bits. It details character encoding systems like ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode, which translate numerical data into readable characters. Additionally, it outlines data measurement units such as kilobits, megabits, and gigabits for data transfer rates and kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes for data storage.

Uploaded by

techyboost01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASCII AND EBCDIC CODES

How Computers
OFF Represent
ON Data
OFF
ON
OR = 1 bit
0 1
= 1 Byte
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
OR
= 1 Byte
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Bit (Binary digit) – On or off state of electric current;


considered the basic unit of information; represented by 1s and
0s (binary numbers)
Byte – Eight bits grouped together to represent a character (an
alphabetical letter, a number, or a punctuation symbol); 256
different combinations
Bits
1000 bits = 1 kilobit (kb)
1,000,000 bits = 1 megabit (mb)
1,000,000,000 bits = 1 gigabit (gb)

Kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second


(Mbps), and gigabits per second (Gbps) are terms
that describe units of data used in measuring data
transfer rates
 Example: 56 Kbps modem
Bytes

8 bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1,048,576 Bytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1,043,741,824 Bytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1,099,511,627,776 Bytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)

Kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and terabyte


are terms that describe large units of data used
in measuring data storage
Example: 20 GB hard disk
Representing Characters: Character Codes
Character codes translate numerical data into characters readable
by humans
 American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) – Eight bits equals one character; used by
minicomputers and personal computers
 Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
(EBCDIC) – Eight bits equals one character; used by mainframe
computers
 Unicode – Sixteen bits equals one character; over 65,000
combinations; used for foreign language symbols

ASCII =4
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

EBCDIC =4
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Codes and Characters
 The problem:
 Representing text strings, such as
“Hello, world”, in a computer
 Each character is coded as a byte ( = 8 bits)
 Most common coding system is ASCII
 ASCII = American National Standard Code for Information
Interchange
Alphanumeric Codes
• Represent numbers and alphabetic characters.
– Also represent other characters such as symbols
and various instructions necessary for conveying
information.
• The ASCII is the most common alphanumeric
code.
– ASCII = American Standard Code for Information
Interchange

25
ASCII
• ASCII has 128 characters and symbols
represented by a 7-bit binary code.
– It can be considered an 8-bit code with the MSB
always 0. (00h-7Fh)
• 00h-1Fh (the first 32) – control characters
• 20h-7Fh – graphics symbols (can be printed or
displayed)

26
ASCII
Table

http://ascii-table.com/img/table.gif

27
Extended ASCII
• There are an additional 128 characters that
were adopted by IBM for use in their PCs. It’s
popular and is used in applications other than
PCs  unofficial standard.
– The extended ASCII characters are represented by
an 8-bit code series from 80h-FFh

28
Extended ASCII
Table

29

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