EX2100e Software Overview

GE Energy Learning Center

Ver 12.06
Propriety information for training purposes only
 EX2100e Software Configuration
Terms:
• IP Address - Internet Protocol Address of the Controller
• Base Load - QNX Operating System
• Firmware – Library elements that define the operation of an EX2100e exciter
• Outer Loop (Toolbox Software Tab)
– Implement regulators “Auto Regulator, UEL, PF/VAR Control
– Communication with external devices “Workstation, COI, Mark VIe”
• Inner Loop (Toolbox Diagram Sheets Tab)
– Manual Regulator ( field voltage)
– Field current Regulator
– Digital/Analog Inputs and Outputs
– Calculate important variables “VAR, Watt, RMS voltage, etc”
– Control PCM “Power Conversion Module”
– First Line” limits and protection of Generator and Exciter “OEL, V/Hz”
– Diagnostic monitoring software “fault and alarm messages”
• Parameters – Constants that define the operation of the inner loop control
functions
Configuration Storage:
• Stored in “M1 / M2 / C” controller non-volatile memory
• Stored in Toolbox xxx.TCW configuration files and folders
Propriety information for training purposes only
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Controller Software
Application Code
(Outer Loop)

Parameters
(Inner Loop)

Firmware - EX2100e
Inner and Outer
Loop libraries

M1, M2 or C
1) Base Load (QNX Controller
Operating system)
2) Controller IP
address

Propriety information for training purposes only

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 Toolbox “Control System Toolbox”
Primary tool for EX2100e software configuration and
troubleshooting

Runs under Windows operating system

Uses “M1 / M2 / C” configuration file “xx.TCW”

Communication with EX2100e (Ethernet)

• Configure/download “M1 / M2 / C” controllers

Typical Toolbox workbench screen
• Download Controller configuration
• Configure external communications (Ethernet)
• Troubleshoot problems
• Fault codes and “help” messages
• Functional Diagram Sheets showing live data

Trend Recorder
• Record live data (real time or capture buffer)
• Save preconfigured trending screens

Typical Trending screen

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 ControlST Distribution CD
Used to distribute/install all Exciter/Turbine Control/LCI software/firmware products
• Toolbox, NTP (network time protocol), etc.

Must be licensed for use on each computer

Installed on Workstation and COI operator stations
ControlST CD version control used to track compatibility of Turbine Control products

Start/Programs/ControlST/Versions
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ToolboxST Operation
**Exciter, Toolbox and .TCW file firmware
version must match.
“xx.TCW”
EX2100e configuration file
(Firmware V04.03.15C)

EX2100e Firmware Library

(Firmware V04.03.15C)

Typical Static
Exciter

Ethernet network

Typical Regulator
Control System Toolbox Exciter
(ToolboxST)
M1/M2/C Controllers
Application code / Parameters
Windows Operating system (Firmware V04.03.15C)
Workstation Computer
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 Simplified Control
Stabilizer Circuits – Regulator PI gain constants
Manual
OEL – Protects the generator from too high field Regulator
current
UEL - Protects the generator from too much
underexcited reactive current (UEL) Auto
Regulator
V/Hz - Protects the generator from too high
“Terminal Voltage” proportional to generator speed.
VAR/PF – VAR/Power Factor regulator (optional, only
used in retrofit applications)
Load Compensation – RCC (Reactive Current
Compensation/Droop) Reduces the response of the
Auto regulator when the stator current changes.
(optional)
Power System Stabilizer - Reduces low frequency
oscillation of Generator Power output. (optional)
Loss of Excitation Protection – Function that
detects loss of excitation in the generator.
Generator Overvoltage Protection – Function that
detects overvoltage condition.

Propriety information for training purposes only

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Simplified Control – Control
M1or M2 Simplified Control Diagram Outer Loop Inner Loop
(Control perspective) Functions Functions

Outer Loop Inner Loop

Functions Functions
(Software Tab) (Diagrams Tab)

DPM*

* Dual Port Memory

C Simplified Control Diagram

(Control perspective)

Inner Loop
Functions
(Diagrams Tab)

M1or M2 Simplified Control Diagram

(Control perspective)
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Simplified Control - Hardware

* HSL – High Speed

Serial Link
communications to
Controllers

M1 / M2 / C Controller operation
(Hardware perspective)
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 OEL “Overexcitation Limit” Protection
Purpose: Prevents overfluxing generator field
• Generator field overheating protection
• Limits generator field current as a function of time “time field overcurrent”
• Inverse time characteristic based on capability of the generator
• Backup to V/Hz protection

Separate online and offline OEL limits

Typical operator station ACLx alarm messages:

• “C / M1 / M2 Off Line OEL” – Offline limiter active
• “C_ / M1 / M2 Over Excitation Limit (I*T)” – OEL limit active
• “Forced transfer from C_ on OEL” – Indicates transfer active
• “Over excitation trip (I*T) (master)” – Indicates trip active

• Reference: EX2100e Users Guide

• Toolbox diagram sheets

Propriety information for training purposes only

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 OEL “Offline” Protection
Exciter Offline Over Excitation Trips, Limiters

4.25

3.75

3.5

3.25

2.75 76EX_OFF
(Trip)
2.5
AFFL (pu)

2.25

2
76EX_OFL
1.75 (Limiter)

1.5

1.25

120% AFNL 1 76EX_IOC

(Trip)
0.75

0.5

0.25

0
01

04

16

25

63
1

0
10

16

25

40

63
6

00
10

16

25

40

63
0.

0.

1.

2.

6.
01

02

06
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

10
0.

0.

0.

TIME (sec)

Propriety information for training purposes only

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OEL “Online” Protection
Exciter Online Over-Excitation Trips, Transfer, Limiters

4.25

3.75

3.5

3.25

3
76EX_ON
2.75 (Trip)

2.5
76EX_ONX
AFFL (pu)

2.25 (Transfer)

2
76EX_ONL
1.75
(Limiter)

1.5

1.25 76EX_IOC
(Trip)
1

0.75 76EX_ONS
(Limiter)
0.5

0.25

0
01

04

16

25

63

0
1

3
10

16

25

40

63
1

4
6

00
10

16

25

40

63
0.

0.

1.

2.

6.
01

02

06
0.

0.

0.

0.

0.

10
0.

0.

0.

TIME (sec)

Propriety information for training purposes only

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OEL Protection

Online OEL settings

Offline OEL settings Color of graph

Red = Trip
Orange = Transfer
Yellow = Limit

“OEL” Toolbox Diagram Sheet

Propriety information for training purposes only
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V/Hz Limiters and Protection “24, 24T”
Purpose: Prevents overfluxing the generator and PPT
• Too much Vt for a given generator speed.
• Inverse time characteristic based on capability of the generator.

Limit generator terminal voltage proportional to generator speed.

a) 100% Rated Vt = 1.0 PU = 1.0 PU V/Hz “operation OK”
100% Rated Speed 1.0 PU

b) 100%Rated Vt _ = 1.0 PU = 1.06 PU V/Hz “Alarm / Limit”

94.3% Rated Speed 0.943 PU

c) 106% Rated Vt___ = 1.06 PU = 1.06 PU V/Hz “Alarm / Limit”

100% Rated Speed 1.0 PU

Always active
• Auto or Manual regulator
• Online or Offline operation

Disabled when PT fails (no Vt feedback)

• OEL protection used as backup

Propriety information for training purposes only

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V/Hz Limiters and Protection “24, 24T”
Typical operator station ACLx alarm messages:
• “EX VOLTS/HZ LIMITER IS ACTIVE” – Auto mode limiter active
• “Forced transfer from C_ on VHz3” – VHz3 curve active
• “Forced transfer from C_ on VHz4” – VHz4 curve active
• “Volts per Hertz 1 or 2 trip (master)” – Trip curve active
• “C_ / M1 / M2 In Volts per Hertz Limit”
• “C_ / M1 / M2 V / Hz 1 trip (straight time 24T)”
• “C_ / M1 / M2 V / Hz 2 trip (inverse time 24T)”

Reference: Users Guide, Chapter 2

• Toolbox Diagram sheets

Propriety information for training purposes only

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V/Hz Limiters and Protection “24, 24T”
Single PT system, when PT failure occurs:
1) Regulator goes open loop, transfer to backup controller.
2) After 1 second, transfer from Auto to Manual mode.
3) Control sets “PT Fail” latch to prevent transferring to Auto mode.
• Must reset “Faults” to clear faults.
• Must reset “PT Failure” latch before being allowed to transfer to Auto Mode.
• Must reset “Transfer” latch to allow transfer to backup controller on failure
Dual PT system, when PT failure occurs:
1) Automatically transfer to backup PT “high select”, stay in Auto mode.
• Must reset “Faults” to clear faults.

Typical operator station ACLx alarm message:

• “PT Failure (PTUV) (master)”
• “C_ / M1 / M2 Main set PT's failed (dual PT mode)”
• “C_ / M1 / M2 Extra set PT's failed (dual PT mode)”

Typical DSPX fault 92

Propriety information for training purposes only

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V/Hz Limiters and Protection
Plot of EX2000 V/Hz Trips, Transfers, Limiters, and Alarms
V/Hz Trips, Transfers, Limiters and Alarms
1.26

1.24

1.22

1.2
24EX_1
1.18 (Transfer)

24EX_2
1.16 (Trip)

24EXI_1
V/Hz (pu)

1.14 (Transfer)
Auto mode
24EXI_2
1.12 only (Trip)

1.1 Relay Alarm

(Alarm)

1.08 ASPVHZA
(LIMITER)
1.06

1.04

1.02

0
16

25

63
1

0
10

16

25

40

63
1

00

00

00
10

16

25

40

63
0.

0.

1.

6.

00
0.

0.

0.

10

40

63

10
TIME (sec)

“V/Hz” Toolbox Diagram Sheet

Propriety information for training purposes only
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V/Hz Limiters and Protection

Color of graph
Red = Trip
Orange = Transfer

Propriety information for training purposes only

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Generator Overvoltage “59GN”
Purpose: If the exciter is in manual mode,
• Online: Prevents an overvoltage due to a load rejection “overspeed”
• Offline: Prevents an overvoltage due to overspeed

Typical Setting:
• Typical trip: 120% rated Vt @ 2.25 sec

Typical operator station alarm message:

• “High Voltage trip (master)”

• Toolbox diagram sheet describes operation

Propriety information for training purposes only

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Loss of Excitation “LOE”
Purpose: Detects loss of excitation in synchronous generator
• Failure example: Field circuit opens during operation

LOE detected by impedance circles

Initiates a Transfer / Trip

Typical operator station alarm message:

• “Forced transfer from C_ on LOE3”
• “Forced transfer from C_ on LOE4”
• “Loss of excitation 1 or 2 trip (master)”
• “C_ / M1 / M2 LOE 1 trip (inner circle 40T)”
• “C_ / M1 / M2 LOE 2 trip (outer circle 40T)”

Toolbox diagram sheet describes operation

Propriety information for training purposes only

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Loss of Excitation “LOE”

Normal area of
operation

Color of graph
Orange = Transfer
Red = Trip

Propriety information for training purposes only

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Reactive Current Compensation “RCC”
When enabled, allows paralleled generators to share VARS

Generator Vt is allowed to vary “droop”

TO BUS

ISOLATION
XFORMER

Gen Gen

Propriety information for training purposes only

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 Other Protection
Hydrogen Pressure/Temperature compensation
• Optional software function for hydrogen generators
• Requires 4 – 20ma / 0-10 VDC Hydrogen pressure / temperature input
• Actively adjusts the generator capability curve (UEL, OEL, Stator current limit) based
on the generator hydrogen pressure or temperature
Field Flashing current
• Monitors field flash current. Typical Trip: 25% AFNL.
• Toolbox diagram sheet describes operation
• Typical DSPX fault 75

Field Ground Detector

• Alarm typically at < 5000 Ohms
• Trip typically < 2000 Ohms
• Also Alarms on detection of ground on PPT secondary
• Toolbox diagram sheet describes operation
• Typical DSPX faults 17 - 34

Propriety information for training purposes only

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PSS “Power System Stabilizer”
Function of PSS:
• Reduces low frequency oscillation of Generator Power output (1 – 15 Hz)
• Reduces torsional stresses on generator/turbine rotor
• No additional transducers required (frequency, MW, accelerating power)
• Software algorithm calculates integral of accelerating power
• Software provides a dampening bias to Auto regulator
Enabled when:
• Enabled from operator station
• Generator is Online,
• Exciter in Auto mode
• Above approximately 20% rated MW

Without PSS With PSS

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g GE Power Systems
__________________________________________________________________________________________

EX2100e Software Overview key points:

1) If the exciter has PSS software, when is the function active?

a. Manual mode
b. Auto mode
c. Operator enable switch
d. Online, ~20% rated generator output

2) UEL limiter is active in Auto / Manual, Offline / Online mode.

3) The UEL limiter will alarm / limit/ trip the exciter.

4) If the field current exceeds 200% / 400% AFFL, the exciter will trip on instantaneous
field overcurrent.

5) OEL can alarm / limit / transfer / trip the exciter.

6) The typical setting for straight time offline OEL is 100% / 110% / 120% AFNL.

7) The V/Hz limiter is active in Auto / Manual, Offline / Online mode.

8) The V/Hz limiter is disabled when ________________.

9) In Auto mode, the V/Hz limiter will be enabled at 100% / 109% 115% V/Hz ratio.

10) If the exciter is in manual mode, how long would it take the exciter to transfer/trip if
operating at 114% V/Hz ratio? _________

11) While operating the exciter online, you temporarily get the ACLx alarm “ M1 Over
Excitation Limit (I*T)”. Would this be an operational or diagnostic alarm? _________
g GE Power Systems
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Answers:
1) b, c, d
2) Auto, online
3) limit
4) 400%
5) alarm, limit, transfer, trip
6) 120%
7) auto/manual, offline/online
8) PT fail
9) 109%
10) approximately 150 sec
11) Operational