Mock Questions for the CBT Exam

Unit:
CIS096-1: Principles of Programming and Data Structure
CIS016-1: Principles of Programming

Variables:
1. What is a variable in Java?

- A) A type of Java method

- B) A container that holds values that can be changed

- C) A fixed value defined in Java

- D) A type of Java class

- Answer: B) A container that holds values that can be changed

2. Which of the following is a correct way to declare a variable in Java?

- A) int 1x;

- B) int x;

- C) float x;

- D) B and C are correct

- Answer: D) B and C are correct

3. What is the default value of an int variable in Java?

- A) 0

- B) null

- C) 1

- D) Not defined

- Answer: A) 0

4. Which keyword is used to declare a constant variable in Java?

- A) var
 - B) constant

- C) static

- D) final

- Answer: D) final

5. What is the scope of a local variable in Java?

- A) Throughout the class

- B) Throughout the package

- C) Within the block it is declared

- D) Throughout the application

- Answer: C) Within the block it is declared

6. Which of these data types can store a decimal number in Java?

- A) int

- B) float

- C) boolean

- D) char

- Answer: B) float

7. What is the correct way to initialize a variable 'a' of type double to 9.8 in Java?

- A) double a = 9.8;

- B) double a == 9.8;

- C) a = 9.8d;

- D) double a = 9.8d;

- Answer: D) double a = 9.8d;

8. Which of the following variable names is invalid in Java?

- A) _myVar

- B) $myVar

- C) 2myVar

- D) myVar1
 - Answer: C) 2myVar

9. In Java, which keyword is used for a variable that will not be serialized?

- A) static

- B) transient

- C) volatile

- D) final

- Answer: B) transient

10. What is type inference variable in Java, introduced in Java 10?

- A) var

- B) let

- C) const

- D) auto

- Answer: A) var

11. Which of these is not a primitive data type in Java?

- A) byte

- B) short

- C) String

- D) float

- Answer: C) String

12. What will happen if you try to assign a float value to a variable of type long without explicit
casting?

- A) Compilation error

- B) The float value will be rounded

- C) Runtime exception

- D) The value will be automatically casted

- Answer: A) Compilation error

13. Which of the following is true about static variables in Java?

- A) They can be accessed through objects only.

- B) They are initialized to null by default.

- C) They are shared among all instances of a class.

- D) They can be declared within methods.

- Answer: C) They are shared among all instances of a class.

14. What is the valid range of values for a Java byte variable?

- A) -128 to 127

- B) 0 to 255

- C) -256 to 255

- D) -32768 to 32767

- Answer: A) -128 to 127

15. Which of the following is a valid declaration of a char variable in Java?

- A) char myChar = 'A';

- B) char myChar = "A";

- C) char myChar = 65;

- D) A and C are correct

- Answer: D) A and C are correct

16. What is the result of declaring a variable inside a for-loop in Java?

- A) The variable can be used outside the for-loop.

- B) The variable is only

accessible within the for-loop.

- C) Compilation error.

- D) The variable is accessible throughout the class.

- Answer: B) The variable is only accessible within the for-loop.

17. Which keyword is used to define a variable that will have the same value for every instance of a
class?

- A) static

- B) final

- C) static final

- D) transient

- Answer: C) static final

18. How do you declare a variable that holds a large number (larger than 2 billion) in Java?

- A) int

- B) long

- C) double

- D) float

- Answer: B) long

19. In Java, what is the default value of a boolean variable?

- A) true

- B) false

- C) 0

- D) null

- Answer: B) false

20. Which of these is a valid declaration and initialization of an array in Java?

- A) int[] myArray = {1, 2, 3};

- B) int myArray[] = new int[3]{1, 2, 3};

- C) int myArray[] = new int[]{1, 2, 3};

- D) A and C are correct

- Answer: D) A and C are correct

Methods:
1. What is a function in Java?

- A) A block of code designed to perform a particular task

- B) A variable that stores data

- C) An operator used for arithmetic operations

- D) A data type

- Answer: A) A block of code designed to perform a particular task

2. How do you define a method in Java?

- A) datatype methodName()

- B) methodName datatype()

- C) datatype[] methodName()

- D) datatype methodName(parameters)

- Answer: D) datatype methodName(parameters)

3. Which keyword is used to define a method that does not return any value?

- A) null

- B) void

- C) empty

- D) none

- Answer: B) void

4. What is method overloading in Java?

- A) Changing the return type of a method

- B) Renaming a method

- C) Creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters

- D) Deleting and recreating a method with different parameters

- Answer: C) Creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters
5. Can a method in Java return multiple values?

- A) Yes, by using arrays or objects

- B) No, Java methods can only return a single value

- C) Yes, by using special keywords

- D) No, unless using external libraries

- Answer: A) Yes, by using arrays or objects

6. Which of the following is a valid method signature in Java?

- A) public double myMethod(int a, float b)

- B) private myMethod(double a, double b)

- C) static void myMethod(int a; int b)

- D) int myMethod(int a, int b)

- Answer: A) public double myMethod(int a, float b)

7. How do you call a static method named "calculate" that belongs to a class named
"MathOperations"?

- A) MathOperations.calculate();

- B) calculate.MathOperations();

- C) MathOperations->calculate();

- D) call MathOperations.calculate();

- Answer: A) MathOperations.calculate();

8. What is the purpose of the `this` keyword in a method?

- A) To refer to the current class instance

- B) To call another method within the class

- C) To declare static methods

- D) To return the current method

- Answer: A) To refer to the current class instance

9. Which of the following access modifiers allows a method to be accessed from any class in Java?

- A) private
 - B) protected

- C) public

- D) default

- Answer: C) public

10. What does it mean if a method is "final" in Java?

- A) It cannot be overridden by subclasses

- B) It can be called without creating an instance of the class

- C) It does not return any value

- D) It can be overloaded within the same class

- Answer: A) It cannot be overridden by subclasses

11. What is a constructor in Java?

- A) A method that initializes an object

- B) A static method that runs when a class is loaded

- C) A final method that cannot be overridden

- D) A method that destroys an object

- Answer: A) A method that initializes an object

12. Which of the following is true about a method with a `void` return type?

- A) It cannot have parameters

- B) It must return null

- C) It does not return any value

- D) It returns an empty value

- Answer: C) It does not return any value

13. How do you indicate that a method parameter is optional in Java?

- A) By using the `Optional` keyword

- B) By initializing the parameter in the method definition

- C) Java does not support optional parameters directly

- D) By using overloading methods

 - Answer: C) Java does not support optional parameters directly

14. What is recursion in Java?

- A) A method that calls another method

- B) A method that calls itself

- C) A loop that executes a block of code

- D) A static method that can be accessed without creating an instance

- Answer

: B) A method that calls itself

15. How can you achieve method overriding in Java?

- A) By creating methods with different names in the same class

- B) By creating static methods with the same signature in different classes

- C) By creating methods with the same signature in the subclass as in the parent class

- D) By changing the return type of an existing method

- Answer: C) By creating methods with the same signature in the subclass as in the parent class

16. What is the return type of a method that returns no value?

- A) int

- B) null

- C) void

- D) None of the above

- Answer: C) void

17. In method overloading, what must change?

- A) Method name

- B) Return type

- C) Number or type of parameters

- D) Access modifier

- Answer: C) Number or type of parameters

18. What does the `@Override` annotation indicate?

- A) The method cannot be overridden

- B) The method is static

- C) The method is overriding a method from a superclass

- D) The method is final

- Answer: C) The method is overriding a method from a superclass

19. Can constructor be overridden in Java?

- A) Yes

- B) No

- C) Only if it is public

- D) Only in subclasses

- Answer: B) No

20. Which of the following is an example of a variable argument (varargs) method in Java?

- A) public void myMethod(int... numbers)

- B) public void myMethod(int numbers[])

- C) public void myMethod(int numbers)

- D) public void myMethod(...int numbers)

- Answer: A) public void myMethod(int... numbers)

Conditional Statements

Certainly! Below are 15 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) focused on conditional statements in Java.
These questions will cover the use of `if`, `else`, `else if`, `switch`, and conditional operators,
providing a range of difficulty levels.

1. What is the basic form of a conditional statement in Java?

- A) `if (condition) { // statements }`

- B) `if condition then { // statements }`

- C) `condition ? if true : if false;`

- D) `if condition execute { // statements }`

 - Answer: A) `if (condition) { // statements }`

2. How do you add an alternative condition to an `if` statement?

- A) `else (condition) { // statements }`

- B) `else if (condition) { // statements }`

- C) `elseif (condition) { // statements }`

- D) `if else (condition) { // statements }`

- Answer: B) `else if (condition) { // statements }`

3. Which operator is used for a simple conditional (ternary) operation?

- A) `? :`

- B) `if else`

- C) `->`

- D) `::`

- Answer: A) `? :`

4. What does the `switch` statement in Java support as of Java SE 7 and above?

- A) Integer values only

- B) String values

- C) Floating-point values

- D) Objects of any class

- Answer: B) String values

5. What is the output of the following code snippet if `x = 5`?

if (x > 3)

System.out.println("Apple");

else

System.out.println("Banana");

System.out.println("Cherry");

- A) Apple
 - B) Banana

- C) Apple Cherry

- D) Banana Cherry

- Answer: C) Apple Cherry

6. Which of the following is NOT a valid way to use an `if` statement in Java?

- A) `if (1 < 2) { // statements }`

- B) `if (1 < 2; 2 < 3) { // statements }`

- C) `if (1 < 2) System.out.println("True");`

- D) `if (1 < 2) { } else { }`

- Answer: B) `if (1 < 2; 2 < 3) { // statements }`

7. How do you execute multiple cases in a `switch` statement that share the same block of code?

- A) By separating each case with a comma

- B) By using the `fallthrough` keyword

- C) By not including a `break` statement in each case

- D) By using the `continue` keyword

- Answer: C) By not including a `break` statement in each case

8. What will be the result of executing the following code if `char grade = 'C';`?

switch(grade) {

case 'A':

System.out.println("Excellent");

break;

case 'B':

case 'C':

System.out.println("Well done");

break;
 default:

System.out.println("Invalid grade");

- A) Excellent

- B) Well done

- C) Invalid grade

- D) No output

- Answer: B) Well done

9. In a ternary operator `condition ? expr1 : expr2;`, what happens if `condition` is true?

- A) `expr1` is executed

- B) `expr2` is executed

- C) Both `expr1` and `expr2` are executed

- D) Neither `expr1` nor `expr2` is executed

- Answer: A) `expr1` is executed

10. Which of the following is a correct `if-else` statement in Java?

- A) `if (x > y) System.out.println("X"); else System.out.println("Y");`

- B) `if x > y: System.out.println("X"); else: System.out.println("Y");`

- C) `if (x > y) then System.out.println("X") else System.out.println("Y");`

- D) `if x > y System.out.println("X") else System.out.println("Y");`

- Answer: A) `if (x > y) System.out.println("X"); else System.out.println("Y");`

11. What is required for an `else if` ladder to work correctly?

- A) Each `else if` condition must be mutually exclusive

- B) The `else` block at the end is mandatory

- C) All conditions must be true

- D) The `if` statement can only test for equality

- Answer: A) Each `else if` condition must be mutually exclusive

12. What is the purpose of the `default` case in a `switch` statement?

- A) To define the default value of the switch variable

- B) To catch any case not explicitly handled by the case statements

- C) To set the default behavior if the switch condition is true

- D) To terminate the switch statement

- Answer: B) To catch any case not explicitly handled by the case statements

13. How can you refactor an `if-else` chain that checks the same variable for equality against
multiple values?

- A) Using a `while` loop

- B) Using a `for` loop

- C) Using a `switch` statement

- D) Using ternary operators

- Answer: C) Using a `switch` statement

14. What will happen if a `break` statement is omitted from a case in a `switch` statement?

- A) The program will terminate immediately

- B) The `switch` statement will fail to compile

- C) Subsequent cases will be executed until a `break` is encountered

- D) Only the next case will be executed

- Answer: C) Subsequent cases will be executed until a `break` is encountered

15. What is the correct syntax for using multiple conditions in an `if` statement?

- A) `if (condition1 && condition2) { // statements }`

- B) `if (condition1) && (condition2) { // statements }`

- C) `if condition1 and condition2 { // statements }`

- D) `if condition1 & condition2 { // statements }`

- Answer: A) `if (condition1 && condition2) { // statements }`

Loops:
1. What is the purpose of a loop in Java?

- A) To store multiple values in a single variable

- B) To execute a block of statements repeatedly

- C) To define a class or method

- D) To catch exceptions

- Answer: B) To execute a block of statements repeatedly

2. Which statement is true about the `for` loop in Java?

- A) It runs at least once before evaluating its condition

- B) It is used to iterate a block of code a known number of times

- C) It is used only with array data structures

- D) It cannot be used for iterating over collections

- Answer: B) It is used to iterate a block of code a known number of times

3. What is the correct syntax for a `while` loop in Java?

- A) `while (condition) { // statements }`

- B) `while condition: // statements`

- C) `while { // statements } (condition)`

- D) `while (condition; // statements;)`

- Answer: A) `while (condition) { // statements }`

4. How do you ensure a `do-while` loop terminates?

- A) By initializing the loop variable before the loop starts

- B) By using a `break` statement within the loop

- C) By ensuring the loop condition eventually evaluates to false

- D) By omitting the loop condition

- Answer: C) By ensuring the loop condition eventually evaluates to false

5. Which loop would you use if you do not know how many times you need to iterate in advance?

- A) `for` loop

- B) `while` loop
 - C) `do-while` loop

- D) Infinite loop

- Answer: B) `while` loop

6. What does the `break` statement do in a loop?

- A) Pauses the loop

- B) Skips the current iteration

- C) Terminates the loop immediately

- D) None of the above

- Answer: C) Terminates the loop immediately

7. How can you skip to the next iteration of a loop in Java?

- A) Using the `skip` statement

- B) Using the `break` statement

- C) Using the `continue` statement

- D) By incrementing the loop counter

- Answer: C) Using the `continue` statement

8. Which of the following is a valid `for` loop declaration in Java?

- A) `for int i=0; i<10; i++ { }`

- B) `for (i=0; i<10; i++) { }`

- C) `for (int i=0; i<10; i++) { }`

- D) `for i=0 to 9 { }`

- Answer: C) `for (int i=0; i<10; i++) { }`

9. In a `do-while` loop, when is the condition checked?

- A) Before the loop starts

- B) Immediately after the first iteration

- C) At the end of each iteration

- D) At the beginning of each iteration

- Answer: C) At the end of each iteration

10. Which of the following is NOT a loop control statement in Java?

- A) `continue`

- B) `exit`

- C) `break`

- D) `return`

- Answer: B) `exit`

11. What is an infinite loop?

- A) A loop that executes a finite number of times

- B) A loop that cannot execute

- C) A loop that executes indefinitely

- D) A loop that executes once

- Answer: C) A loop that executes indefinitely

12. How do you write a `for` loop that starts at 0 and increments by 2 each time up to 10?

- A) `for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i += 2)`

- B) `for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)`

- C) `for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i = 2)`

- D) `for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i--)`

- Answer: A) `for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i += 2)`

13. Which loop is preferred when iterating through an array or a collection?

- A) `while` loop

- B) `do-while` loop

- C) Enhanced `for` loop

- D) Traditional `for` loop

- Answer: C) Enhanced `for` loop

14. What is the output of the following code snippet?

int i = 0;

while(i < 5) {

i++;

if(i == 3) continue;

System.out.print(i + " ");

- A) 1 2 4 5

- B) 1 2 3 4 5

- C) 1 2 3 4

- D) 2 3 4 5

- Answer: D) 2 3 4 5

15. What is the role of the initialization statement in a `for` loop?

- A) It specifies how many times the loop will execute.

- B) It initializes the loop control variable.

- C) It is executed at the end of each iteration.

- D) It determines the loop's exit condition.

- Answer: B) It initializes the loop control variable.

16. Which of the following would you use to loop through the elements of an array named `arr`?

- A) `for (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++) { }`

- B) `for (int i : arr) { }`

- C) Both A and B

- D) None of the above

- Answer: C) Both A and B

17. What is the effect of a `continue` statement in a `for` loop?

- A) It causes the loop to skip the remaining code and proceed with the next iteration.
 - B) It exits the loop immediately.

- C) It repeats the current iteration.

- D) It does nothing.

- Answer: A) It causes the loop to skip the remaining code and proceed with the next iteration.

18. What is the output of the following `for` loop?

for (int i = 5; i > 0; i--) {

System.out.print(i + " ");

- A) 5 4 3 2 1

- B) 1 2 3 4 5

- C) 5 4 3 2

- D) 4 3 2 1 0

- Answer: A) 5 4 3 2 1

19. In which scenario would you prefer a `do-while` loop over a `while` loop?

- A) When you want to check the condition at the start of the loop

- B) When you want the loop to execute at least once regardless of the condition

- C) When you are not sure if the loop should execute

- D) When you need to iterate through a collection

- Answer: B) When you want the loop to execute at least once regardless of the condition

20. What will happen if you forget to update the loop variable in a `while` loop?

- A) The loop will execute a fixed number of times.

- B) The loop will terminate immediately.

- C) The loop may become an infinite loop.

- D) The loop will skip every other iteration.

- Answer: C) The loop may become an infinite loop.

Class and objects:

1. What is a class in Java?

- A) A template or blueprint from which objects are created

- B) A specific instance of an object

- C) A data type that stores a fixed value

- D) A method that performs an action

- Answer: A) A template or blueprint from which objects are created

2. What is an object in Java?

- A) A type of variable

- B) A template for creating classes

- C) An instance of a class

- D) A method within a class

- Answer: C) An instance of a class

3. How do you create an object in Java?

- A) `ClassName objectName;`

- B) `new ClassName();`

- C) `ClassName objectName = new ClassName();`

- D) `create ClassName objectName;`

- Answer: C) `ClassName objectName = new ClassName();`

4. Which keyword is used to inherit a class in Java?

- A) `extends`

- B) `implements`

- C) `super`

- D) `this`

- Answer: A) `extends`

5. What is encapsulation in Java?

 - A) The process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit

- B) The ability of an object to take on many forms

- C) The mechanism of basing a new class on an existing class

- D) Breaking down a complex problem into smaller chunks

- Answer: A) The process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit

6. How do you call a method named `methodName` of an object named `objectName`?

- A) `methodName(objectName);`

- B) `ClassName.methodName();`

- C) `objectName.methodName();`

- D) `methodName.call(objectName);`

- Answer: C) `objectName.methodName();`

7. Which keyword is used to refer to the current instance of a class?

- A) `self`

- B) `this`

- C) `super`

- D) `current`

- Answer: B) `this`

8. How do you define a constructor in Java?

- A) A method with the same name as the class and no return type

- B) A static method that initializes the class

- C) A method named `construct`

- D) A method with the name `constructor()`

- Answer: A) A method with the same name as the class and no return type

9. What is polymorphism in Java?

- A) The ability of a class to hide its internal details

- B) The capability of a method to do different things based on the object it is acting upon

- C) The concept of restricting access to some of the object's components

 - D) The practice of using class inheritance to derive new classes

- Answer: B) The capability of a method to do different things based on the object it is acting upon

10. What does it mean if a class is abstract?

- A) It cannot be instantiated, but it can be subclassed

- B) It can be instantiated, but cannot be subclassed

- C) It can only contain static methods

- D) It hides all its methods from other classes

- Answer: A) It cannot be instantiated, but it can be subclassed

11. Which method is called when an object is created?

- A) `init()`

- B) `start()`

- C) `main()`

- D) Constructor

- Answer: D) Constructor

12. How do you make a class variable (field) accessible only within its own class?

- A) Declare it using the `public` modifier

- B) Declare it using the `private` modifier

- C) Declare it using the `protected` modifier

- D) Declare it without any access modifier

- Answer: B) Declare it using the `private` modifier

13. What is the output of calling `toString()` method on an object if it is not overridden?

- A) The object's hash code

- B) The name of the class followed by '@' and the object's hashcode

- C) The string representation of the object's data

- D) An error message saying the method is not implemented

- Answer:
B) The name of the class followed by '@' and the object's hashcode

14. Which principle of OOP does Java not support directly?

- A) Encapsulation

- B) Inheritance

- C) Polymorphism

- D) Multiple inheritance of classes

- Answer: D) Multiple inheritance of classes

15. What is method overloading?

- A) Changing the return type of a method

- B) Creating a method with the same name but different parameters in the same class

- C) Creating a method in a subclass with the same signature as one in its superclass

- D) Renaming a method in a subclass

- Answer: B) Creating a method with the same name but different parameters in the same class

Extra Class and objects:

1. Is the following class definition syntax correct in Java?

public class MyClass {

int myField;

public void MyClass() {

myField = 5;

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect
 - Answer: A) Correct (Note: While this looks like a constructor, it's actually a method because of
the `void` return type. It's a common mistake but syntactically correct.)

2. Is this method of creating a new object instance correct?

MyClass obj = new MyClass();

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

3. Evaluate the syntax for declaring a class and creating an object:

class MyClass {}

MyClass obj = MyClass.new();

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: B) Incorrect (The correct syntax should be `MyClass obj = new MyClass();`)

4. Is this constructor definition correct in Java?

public MyClass() {

System.out.println("Constructor called.");

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

5. Check the correctness of the following inheritance syntax:

public class MySubclass extends MyClass {

// Implementation

}
 - A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

6. Is the following method overloading valid in Java?

public class MyClass {

void myMethod(int a) { }

int myMethod(int b) { return b; }

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: B) Incorrect (Method overloading is not valid here because the methods have the
same parameter list. Return type does not affect overloading.)

7. Assess the validity of this abstract class definition:

abstract class MyAbstractClass {

abstract void myMethod();

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

8. Is this way of defining a static method in a class correct?

public class MyClass {

public static void myStaticMethod() {

System.out.println("Static method called.");

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect
 - Answer: A) Correct

9. Evaluate the correctness of implementing multiple interfaces:

public class MyClass implements InterfaceOne, InterfaceTwo {

// Method implementations

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

10. Is the following use of `this` keyword correct in Java?

public class MyClass {

int x;

public MyClass(int x) {

this.x = x;

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

11. Check the syntax for declaring an interface:

interface MyInterface {

public void myMethod();

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct
12. Is this way of accessing a static variable correct?

public class MyClass {

static int myStaticVar = 10;

int value = MyClass.myStaticVar;

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: B) Incorrect (It's syntactically correct, but it should be inside a method or a block to be
contextually correct.)

13. Evaluate this approach to method overriding:

public class MySubclass extends MyClass {

@Override

public void myMethod() {

// Implementation

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct

14. Is the following private method inheritance correct?

public class MyClass {

private void myMethod() { }

public class MySubclass extends MyClass {

 public void myMethod() { }

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct (While private methods cannot be overridden, this is syntactically correct
as it's considered a new method in the subclass.)

15. Assess the correctness of this encapsulation example:

public class

MyClass {

private int myVar;

public int getMyVar() {

return myVar;

public void setMyVar(int myVar) {

this.myVar = myVar;

- A) Correct

- B) Incorrect

- Answer: A) Correct
Arrays, ArrayLists and linkedList:
### Array
1. What is the correct way to declare an array in Java?
- A) `int array[10];`
- B) `int[] array;`
- C) `array[] int;`
- D) `int array();`
- Answer: B) `int[] array;`

2. How do you initialize an array in Java?

- A) `int[] array = new int[5];`
- B) `int array = new int[5];`
- C) `int[] array = int[5];`
- D) `int array[] = new int[];`
- Answer: A) `int[] array = new int[5];`

3. What is the default value of an int array in Java?

- A) 0
- B) null
- C) 1
- D) Not set
- Answer: A) 0

4. How do you access the third element of an array named `arr`?

- A) `arr[2];`
- B) `arr[3];`
- C) `arr.get(2);`
- D) `get(arr[2]);`
- Answer: A) `arr[2];`
5. What does the `length` attribute of an array provide?
- A) The memory size of the array
- B) The number of elements it can hold
- C) The number of elements in the array
- D) The maximum value in the array
- Answer: C) The number of elements in the array

### ArrayLists

6. How do you instantiate an ArrayList in Java?

- A) `ArrayList al = new ArrayList();`
- B) `ArrayList[] al = new ArrayList();`
- C) `ArrayList al = ArrayList();`
- D) `ArrayList al = new ArrayList[];`
- Answer: A) `ArrayList al = new ArrayList();`

7. Which of these is a method to add an element to an ArrayList named `al`?

- A) `al.add(element);`
- B) `al.append(element);`
- C) `al.insert(element);`
- D) `add(al, element);`
- Answer: A) `al.add(element);`

8. How do you remove an element from an ArrayList at index 2?

- A) `al.remove(2);`
- B) `al.delete(2);`
- C) `remove(al[2]);`
- D) `al.removeElement(2);`
 - Answer: A) `al.remove(2);`

9. What does the `size()` method of an ArrayList return?

- A) The capacity of the ArrayList
- B) The current number of elements in the ArrayList
- C) The maximum size the ArrayList can grow to
- D) The memory size of the ArrayList
- Answer: B) The current number of elements in the ArrayList

10. How do you ensure type safety in an ArrayList?

- A) Use a `SafeArrayList`
- B) Specify the type using generics, e.g., `ArrayList<String>`
- C) Use the `safe` keyword, e.g., `safe ArrayList`
- D) Type safety cannot be ensured in ArrayLists
- Answer: B) Specify the type using generics, e.g., `ArrayList<String>`

### LinkedLists

11. Which of the following is true about a LinkedList in Java?

- A) It can only be used with primitive data types
- B) It allows for constant time insertions or removals using iterators
- C) It does not allow duplicate elements
- D) Access time for an element is constant
- Answer: B) It allows for constant time insertions or removals using iterators

12. How do you add an element to the front of a LinkedList named `ll`?
- A) `ll.addFirst(element);`
- B) `ll.push(element);`
- C) `ll.add(0, element);`
 - D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

13. What method do you use to retrieve but not remove the head of a LinkedList?
- A) `getFirst()`
- B) `peek()`
- C) `element()`
- D) `B` and `C` are correct
- Answer:

D) `B` and `C` are correct

14. How do you remove the first occurrence of a specified element in a LinkedList?
- A) `removeFirstOccurrence(Object o)`
- B) `delete(Object o)`
- C) `remove(Object o)`
- D) `unlink(Object o)`
- Answer: A) `removeFirstOccurrence(Object o)`

15. Which of these data structures would you use to efficiently insert or remove elements
from the middle of a collection?
- A) Array
- B) ArrayList
- C) LinkedList
- D) All of the above
- Answer: C) LinkedList