UNITED INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Anna University)

Periyanaickanpalayam, Coimbatore - 641 020.
QUESTION BANK
I YEAR / II SEMESTER (2021-2022)
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BE3254 - ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING (R-2021)

UNIT I - TRANSFORMER

Introduction-Ideal and practical Transformer-Phasor diagram- Per Unit System -Equivalent circuit-
Testing- Efficiency and Voltage Regulation- Three Phase Transformers -Applications Auto Transformers,
Advantages- Harmonics.

Part – A
1. What are the various losses in a transformer?

2. Define voltage regulation of transformer.

3. What is an ideal transformer?

4. Draw the phasor diagram of an ideal transformer.

5. Why transformer core is laminated?

6. Differentiate core type and shell type transformer.

7. Why transformer rating is in KVA?

8. What is eddy current loss?

9. Draw the no load phasor diagram of a transformer.

10. What is the condition for maximum efficiency in transformer?

11. Name the tests that are performed on a transformer.

12. What is magnetizing current?

13. What are the two components of core loss?

14. Write the emf equation of transformer?

15. Draw the equivalent circuit of transformer.

16. Why the efficiency of transformer is higher as compared to other electrical machines?

17. Why the short circuit test is performed on the high voltage side of the transformer?
18. Why core loss is almost negligible in short circuit test?

19. Why core loss is neglected in open circuit test?

20. Does the flux in a transformer core increase with load?

21. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of transformer

22. What are the losses occurring in a transformer?

23. Why low voltage winding is placed next to the core and after high voltage winding?

24. What is the function of oil in transformer?

25. Why the main flux remain s physically constant from no load to full load?

26. What are the different types of transformer?

27. Give expression for secondary resistance as referred to primary.

28. Write the name of material used for transformer core?

29. Name the loss that can be obtained by conducting no load test on the transformer

30. What are the uses of open circuit test and short circuit test performed on a transformer?

31. What is transformer?

32. Define transformation ratio.

PART-B
1. Construction and Working of different types of transformers.

2. Derive the EMF equation of transformer.

3. Develop the equivalent circuit of transformer.

4. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency of transformer.

5. What are the different types testing conducted on transformer? And explain.

6. Explain the 3-phase transformer connections.

7. Explain in detail about auto transformer.

8. Derive the copper saving in auto transformer.

 UNIT II - DC MACHINES

Introduction- Constructional Features- Motor and Generator mode - EMF and Torque equation - Circuit
Model Methods of Excitation- Characteristics - Starting and Speed Control - Universal Motor- Stepper
Motors - Brushless DC Motors- Applications.

Part – A

1. Specify the function of the commutator in a DC machine.

2. Write the equation for emf induced in a DC machine.

3. Why in a DC machine the armature core should be laminated?

4. In a DC machine the armature is rotating and the field is stationery. True or False.

5. State the losses in a DC machine.

6. State the condition for maximum efficiency in a DC generator.

7. How many number of parallel paths are available in lap & wave windings?

8. State the function of commutator in DC machine.

9. Write the emf equation of DC generator.

10. What is meant by armature reaction?

11. What is meant by excitation?

12. Name the 2 types of armature winding.

13. What is the purpose of field winding of a DC machine?

14. What is the function of brushes in a DC machine?

15. Name the different types of DC generators.

16. List out the essential parts of a DC machine.

17. Define back & front pitch of lap winding in DC machine.

18. What are the effects of armature reaction in DC machine?

19. Draw the load characteristics of DC shunt generator. State why the terminal voltage

decreases when load current increases?

20. Draw the load characteristics of DC series generator.

21. Draw the open circuit characteristics of a DC generator.

22. Write the torque equation of DC motor.

23. A DC series motor should always be started with load-Why?

24. State 2 applications of DC shunt motor.

25. Draw the speed torque characteristics of DC shunt motor.

26. State the condition for maximum efficiency in a DC motor.

27. Explain how to limit the starting current of DC motor.

28. Name the starters used for starting in DC motors.

29. Why are starters necessary for DC motor?

30. What is meant by back emf in DC motor?

31. Mention the different methods of speed control of DC shunt motor?

32. Mention the different methods of speed control of DC series motor?

33. Define critical resistance.

34. Name the different methods of testing available for DC machines.

35. Draw the connection diagram for Swinburne’s test.

36. Draw the connection diagram of a long shunt compound generator.

37. What is commutation in DC machine?

38. State Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic induction and Lenz law.

39. Mention the following functions in DC Machine.

(i) Commutator (ii) Brushes (iii) Yoke (iv) Field coils.

40. What are the main constructional elements of a DC Machine?

41. What is meant by excitation of dc machine? What are the different methods for the
excitation of DC Machine?

42. What are the necessary conditions for the generators to be self-excited?

43. Mention any 2-popular methods for the speed control of DC Shunt motor.

44. What is meant by motor? How the Faraday’s Left hand rule is used explain it.

45. Define critical resistance of a dc generator?

46. List the different method of speed control of DC Shunt motor?

47. In speed control of DC Shunt Motor how the armature control method is distinguished

with field control method.

 48. What are the different techniques used for the speed control of DC Series Motor?

49. Write the formulae for voltage equation of a DC Motor.

50. What is meant by armature reaction?

51. Write the formulae for generated emf of a Generator.

52. State two applications of DC shunt motor and series motor.

53. What is the significance of back emf Motor?

54. List the different variable and constant losses in electrical machine.
55. What is the basic principle of a DC Generator? How the Faraday’s Right Hand rule is implemented
explain it.
56. Draw the mechanical characteristics of DC Series and DC Shunt Motor.
57. Explain the circuit for Star connection and Delta connection.
58. Draw the open circuit characteristics of D.C generator.
59. List the types of D.C motors. Give any one difference between them.

PART-B
1. Explain the construction and working of DC machines (Generator or Motor).

2. Derive the EMF equation of DC Generator.

3. Derive the Torque equation of DC Motor.

4. Explain the Types of DC generator along with characteristics.

5. Explain the Types of DC motor along with characteristics.

6. Explain the Types of starters. (3-point and 4-point)

7. Explain the Speed control of DC motor.

8. Explain the construction and working of Universal Motor, BLDC motor and stepper
motor.
UNIT III - AC ROTATING MACHINES

Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors - Construction -Types - Equivalent circuit, Speed
Control Single phase Induction motors -Construction- Types-starting methods. Alternator: Working
principle-Equation of induced EMF - Voltage regulation, Synchronous motors- working principle-starting
methods - Torque equation.
 PART – A

1. State the advantages and disadvantages of three phase induction motor.

2. Draw the basic circuit of capacitor start capacitor run motor.

3. Write the principle of operation of a transformer.

2. Name the types of alternators.

3. Why induction motors are called as asynchronous motors?

4. Which type of 3 Φ Induction motor develops higher starting torque?

5. How can the direction of rotation of 3 phase Induction motor be reversed?

6. Why an 3 Φ Induction motor cannot run at syn. Speed?

7. What is slip of 3 Φ Induction motor?

8. What is the condition for producing maximum torque in a 3 Φ Induction motor?

9. Is the maximum torque of a 3 Φ Induction motor dependent on the rotor resistance?

10. What is the relationship of developed torque of a 3 Φ Induction motor with supply voltage?

11. How does slip varies with load?

12. What are the losses in 3 Φ Induction motor?

13. Draw torque slip characteristics of 3 Φ Induction motor

14. Differentiate squirrel cage and slip ring Induction motor

15. Why a starter is necessary to start an Induction motor?

16. What are the various types of starters used for SCIM?

17. Draw the equivalent circuit of 3 Φ Induction motor

18. Write the applications of 3 Φ Induction motor

20. Why single phase induction motor is not self-starting?

21. What is double field revolving theory?

22. What is meant by Induction motor?

23. What are the two types of 3 phase Induction motor?

24. Write the advantages of stationery armature and rotating field in an alternator.

25. Compare salient & non-salient pole synchronous machines.

26. Deduce the relation between the number of poles, frequency and speed of the alternator.

27. State the advantages & disadvantages of using short pitched & distributed winding in alternator.

28. Write short notes on the following: Turbo-alternators, armature reaction.

29. Distinguish between hydro & turbo generators.

30. State the working principle of alternator.

31. What is meant by full pitched & short pitched windings?

32. What is meant by winding factor?

33. Why alternators are rated in KVA rather than in KW?

34. What is meant by synchronous impedance of alternator?

35. Define regulation in alternator.

36. What type of rotor is adopted for high speed alternators?

37. Name the 2 types of alternators depending on rotor construction.

38. Why are salient pole alternators more suitable for low speed & non salient pole for high speed
operation?

39. What is an exciter?

40. What is the effect of armature reaction for an alternator for zero power factor lagging?

41. What is hunting?

42. Write the torque equation of synchronous motor.

43. What are the advantages of brushless alternator?

44. List the applications of hysteresis motor.

PART-B

1. Explain the Construction and working principle of 3-phase induction motor.

2. Derive the Equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor.

3. Explain the Speed control of 3-phase induction motor

4. Explain the Construction and working principle of single phase induction motor.
(Double field revolving theory)

5. Explain the Different types or starting methods of single phase induction motor.
 6. Explain the Construction and working principle of alternator.

7. Derive the EMF equation of an alternator.

8. Explain the Construction and working principle of synchronous motor.

9. Explain the Starting methods of synchronous motor.

10. Derive the Torque equation of a synchronous motor.

UNIT IV - MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Functional elements of an instrument, Standards and calibration, Operating Principle, types - Moving
Coil and Moving Iron meters, Measurement of three phase power, Energy Meter, Instrument
Transformers-CT and PT, DSO- Block diagram- Data acquisition.

PART – A
1. What are the different types of errors in measurement system?

2. What are the broad classifications of measuring instruments?

3. Define errors in measurement.

4. What is meant by error? Classify.
5. What is meant by static and dynamic characteristics?

6. What is meant by Standard and list out its types?

7. What is the need for measurement and what are its types?

8. What is the function of manipulation element in a measurement system?

9. What are Primary standards? Where are they used?

10. How are instruments classified?

11. What is an absolute instrument? Give examples

12. What is a secondary instrument? Give examples.

13. Why MI instruments can be used on both AC and DC?

14. What are the errors that occur in MI instruments?

15. What is meant by sensitivity?

16. Define accuracy and resolution.

17. What is meant by static characteristics in measurement system? Mention any 4-static
characteristics of instrumentation.
18. Define the following static characteristics (i) Accuracy (ii) Precision (iii) Span (iv)
sensitivity.

19. What is meant by dynamic characteristics in measurement system? Mention any 4-dynamic
characteristics of measurement system.

20. What is meant by error? Mention the different types of errors produced in measurement
system.

PART-B

1. Explain the Functional elements of an instrument with beat block diagram.

2. Discuss about the Standards and calibration.

3. Explain the Construction and working principle of PMMC.

4. Explain the Construction and working principle of moving iron instruments.

5. Explain the Construction and working principle of energy meter.

6. Explain about power measurement by two watt meters.

7. Explain about CT and PT.

8. Explain DSO with neat block diagram.

UNIT IV - BASICS OF POWER SYSTEMS

Power system structure -Generation, Transmission and distribution, Various voltage levels, Earthing-
methods of earthing, protective devices- switch fuse unit- Miniature circuit breaker moulded case
circuit breaker- earth leakage circuit breaker, safety precautions and First Aid.

PART – A

1) What is the Power plant or Power Station?

2) What is the difference between the Transmission line and distribution line?

3) What are the common sources of energy?

4) Write down the classification of the transmission line?

5) What is Electrical Grounding?

6) What is Electrical Earthing?

 7) What is the difference between Electrical earthing and Electrical grounding?

8) What is the importance of earthing?

9) What is the difference between a fuse and a breaker?

10)What is the difference between the relay and the circuit breaker?

11)What is the difference between resistance grounding system and resistance earthing system?

12)Give some example of protecting devices?

13)Classify various types of dc distributors

14)What are the advantages of ring type distributors over distributors fed at one end

15)Why inter connections are used in dc distributors?

16)What are the components of power system?

PART-B
1. Draw and explain the power system structure with the help of single line diagram.

2. Different types of earthing.

3. Explain the various protective devices.

4. Explain about safety precautions and first aid methods followed in power system.