UNIVERSITY OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL-RECOLETOS
#51 Lizares Avenue, Bacolod City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CEPMAN440
(CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT)
SECTION E403
2ND SEMESTER
A.Y. 2024-2025
REPORT SUMMARY ON THE TOPIC
Waterproofing
Submitted by:
Bandola, Reynald Gabriel V.
Cuelo, Lerly
Padios, Tricia Mae B.
Submitted to:
ENGR. ERL JULEN O. TULOD
PROFESSOR
DATE SUBMITTED
March 14, 2025
WATERPROOFING
Waterproofing - In construction is the process of making a structure or surface resistant to
water penetration. In buildings, it creates a protective barrier that prevents water from passing
through surfaces frequently exposed to moisture, such as foundations, roofs, and walls.
Waterproofing enhances the strength and durability of building surfaces by making
them water-resistant. It acts as a protective shield, preventing liquids from seeping into
unwanted areas, even under external forces like hydrostatic pressure and capillarity.
It serves several essential purposes. These include maintaining:
1. Structural integrity:
Regarding structural integrity, waterproofing helps prevent water infiltration, reducing
the risk of structural damage.
2. Ensuring health and safety:
Waterproofing prevents moisture buildup and mold growth, which can lead to health
issues.
3. Enhancing durability:
It also contributes to the durability of a building by protecting it from moisture-related
deterioration, ensuring it lasts longer.
4. Reducing maintenance costs:
Reduce the need for costly repairs and maintenance services, saving both time and
money in the long run.
5. Preserving property value:
Waterproofing helps preserve property value by preventing water damage, which can
increase the overall worth of the building.
Waterproofing works by forming a barrier that prevents water from penetrating a structure.
This barrier can be a sheet membrane or a liquid coating.
Sheet membranes - are pre-formed layers applied over surfaces using adhesion, mechanical
fastening, or heat welding. They provide a seamless, water-resistant shield, ideal for large
areas like roofs and foundations.
Liquid coatings - are applied as a liquid and cure into a flexible, watertight membrane. They
fill cracks and adapt to irregular surfaces, making them ideal for complex structures.
STANDARD PROCEDURES:
The standard procedure for waterproofing involves surface preparation, Applying
waterproofing materials, and drying.
1st: Surface preparation:
Clean the surface to remove dirt, debris, and contaminants. Make sure to Repair any cracks,
joints, or defects. Ensure the surface is sound and cured Remove oil, dirt, and other
contaminants with a concrete neutralizer.
2nd: Applying waterproofing material:
Apply primer evenly using a paintbrush or by spraying. Allow the primer to dry then lay a
single layer of membrane smoothly lay the membrane in strips that overlap to ensure uniform
thickness. Carefully lay side and end laps to ensure an even thickness
3rd: Drying:
Drying Allow the waterproofing materials to dry.
WATERPROOFING DESIGN
Typically involves considering the Building's occupancy, soil, and water table, and
selecting a waterproofing system that's appropriate for the application roofing system.
TYPES OF WATERPROOFING
Cementitious: A powder mix that’s easy to apply and sticks well to concrete
Liquid: A thin, flexible coating that can be sprayed, rolled, or troweled on
Polyurethane: A flexible, liquid membrane that protects against water Intrusion
Thermoplastic: A durable waterproofing material that can last for 50 years or more
Rubberized asphalt: A self-adhering membrane that’s tough and flexible
Acrylic: A fiber-reinforced, elastomeric, and flexible coating
WATERPROOFING MEASUREMENTS
Cementitious Waterproofing
Thickness: 1 mm to 2 mm per layer
Coverage: 1 to 1.5 kg per square meter per coat
Curing time: 48 to 72 hours before exposure to water
Application layers: Typically applied in 2 to 3 coats
Liquid Waterproofing (Elastomeric Coatings)
Thickness: 1.5 mm to 3 mm per layer
Coverage: 1.5 to 2.5 kg per square meter per coat
Drying time: 24 to 48 hours before the next coat
Application layers: Usually 2 to 3 coats for durability
Polyurethane Waterproofing
Thickness: 2 mm to 4 mm per layer
Coverage: 1.3 to 1.8 kg per square meter per coat
Curing time: 24 to 72 hours before final finish application
Application layers: Usually applied in a single thick coat or multiple thin coats
Thermoplastic Waterproofing (TPO, PVC Membranes)
Thickness: 1.2 mm to 2.5 mm (standard membrane Thickness)
Sheet size: Typically 1 m x 10 m or 2 m x 20 m rolls
Overlap requirement: 50 mm to 100 mm at seams
Installation method: Hot-air welding, mechanical Fastening, or fully adhered
Rubberized Asphalt Waterproofing
Thickness: 3 mm to 6 mm (depending on layers)
Coverage: 2.5 to 3.5 kg per square meter
Application: Spray-applied or torch-applied
Curing time: 24 to 48 hours before applying finishes
Acrylic Waterproofing
Thickness: 0.5 mm to 2 mm per layer
Coverage: 1 to 1.5 kg per square meter per coat
Drying time: 12 to 24 hours per coat before reapplication
Application layers: Requires at least 2 coats for full Effectiveness
QUALITY CONTROL AND CHECKING OF WORKMANSHIP
Waterproofing quality control involves inspecting the installation Process of waterproofing
materials to ensure they are applied correctly, following proper procedures, and using quality
materials, with a focus on checking for things like proper substrate preparation, joint sealing,
membrane application, and thorough coverage to prevent water penetration and ensure the
system’s effectiveness over time; this can be done through visual inspections, testing methods
like water penetration tests, and adherence to established industry standards and checklists.
KEY ASPECTS OF WATER PROOFING QUALITY CONTROL
Material selection: Selecting high-quality waterproofing materials with proven durability and
compatibility with the substrate.
Substrate preparation: Verifying that the surface being waterproofed is clean, dry, and
properly prepared according to manufacturer specifications.
Joint sealing: Carefully sealing all joints, corners, and penetrations with appropriate sealant to
prevent water leaks at vulnerable points.
Membrane application: Checking for consistent and even application of the waterproofing
membrane, ensuring full coverage without gaps or overlaps.
Drainage design: Inspecting the drainage system to ensure water is effectively channeled
away from the building.
Visual inspection: Performing regular visual checks for any signs of defects like wrinkles,
bubbles, tears, or uneven application.
Water penetration testing:
Conducting water penetration tests on specific areas to verify the waterproofing
system's ability to resist water intrusion.
Documentation and record keeping:
Maintaining detailed records of materials used, installation methods, and inspection
findings.
COMMON AREAS TO FOCUS ON DURING WATERPROOFING QUALITY
CONTROL:
Bathrooms: Shower pans, walls, floor joints, and drain areas
Basements: Walls, floors, and foundation joints
Roof decks: Deck membranes, flashing, and drainage systems
Balconies: Perimeter seals, floor membranes, and drainage
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:
Compliance with standards: Ensure that the waterproofing installation adheres to relevant
building codes and industry standards.
Qualified installers: Employ experienced and certified waterproofing contractors.
Regular inspections: Conduct periodic inspections throughout the construction process and
after completion to identify potential issues early.
