PARALLEL DATABASES
PRESENTED BY:
Nikhita Choudhury
Harshita Jain
Harshit Shah
Saurav Kumar
INDEX
• PARALLEL DATABASES
• BENEFITS OF A PARALLEL DATABASE
• DISADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL DATABASES
• PARALLEL DATABASE ARCHITECTURES
• PARALLEL DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION
• PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION IN PARALLEL DATABASES
• CHALLENGES IN PARALLEL DATABASE SYSTEMS
• CONCLUSION AND KEY TAKEAWAYS
Parallel Databases
Parallel databases refer to a type of database
architecture in which data is distributed and processed
across multiple processors or nodes simultaneously. The
goal of parallel databases is to improve performance and
scalability by dividing the workload among multiple
processors, enabling faster query processing and better
handling of large datasets.
Parallel Database Implementation
Data Partitioning Query Execution
Data is divided into smaller subsets and Queries are decomposed into subqueries and
distributed across multiple servers for parallel executed concurrently across the distributed
processing. data, utilizing the power of parallelism.
Parallel Algorithms Load Balancing
Specialized algorithms are employed to Ensuring a balanced distribution of data and
optimize parallel query processing, including processing across nodes, minimizing resource
join algorithms and parallel index scanning. contention and maximizing performance.
Benefits of a Parallel Database
•Improved Performance: By distributing the workload across multiple
processors, parallel databases can process queries more quickly than single-
node databases.
•Scalability: As data and processing requirements grow, additional nodes
can be added to the parallel database system, allowing for easy scalability.
•Fault Tolerance: Parallel databases can provide increased fault tolerance
because if one node fails, the other nodes can continue processing data.
•High Availability: With multiple nodes, parallel databases can provide high
availability by distributing data and processing across different servers.
•Parallel Query Execution: Queries can be executed in parallel across
multiple nodes, allowing for efficient processing of large datasets.
Disadvantages of Parallel Databases
1.Complexity and Cost:
1. Implementing and maintaining a parallel database system can be complex and expensive.
2. The need for specialized hardware, software, and skilled personnel can contribute to higher
upfront and operational costs.
2.Load Imbalance:
1. Achieving perfect load balancing across all nodes can be challenging.
2. Some nodes may end up with more workload than others, leading to suboptimal performance.
3.Difficulty in Programming and Query Optimization:
1. Developing applications and queries that take full advantage of parallelism can be challenging.
2. Optimizing queries for parallel execution requires a good understanding of the underlying
parallel architecture, and not all queries can be easily parallelized.
Parallel Database Architectures
Shared Disk Shared Nothing Massively Parallel
Processing
Data stored on a shared disk for Each node stores unique data,
all nodes, providing high enabling high scalability and Combines shared disk and
concurrency but requiring fault tolerance, but with shared nothing approaches,
advanced synchronization increased network offering a balanced solution for
mechanisms. communication. large-scale data processing.
Performance Optimization in Parallel
Databases
1 Data Compression
Reducing data size to minimize I/O
overhead and improve storage
Parallel Query Optimization 2 efficiency.
Optimizing query plans to utilize
parallelism effectively, reducing
3 Data Indexing
execution time.
Creating appropriate indexes to
facilitate efficient data retrieval and
improve query performance.
Challenges in Parallel Database Systems
1 Data Skew
Uneven distribution of data across nodes can lead to performance imbalances and increased
communication overhead.
2 Concurrency Control
Synchronization of concurrent transactions becomes more complex due to distributed and
parallel nature.
3 Data Consistency
Maintaining consistency across distributed nodes during updates and data replication.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
In conclusion, parallel databases offer significant advantages in terms of
improved performance, scalability, and efficient handling of large datasets. These
systems are designed to distribute data and processing across multiple nodes,
enabling parallel query execution and better utilization of resources. However,
there are also notable challenges and considerations associated with parallel
databases.
