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First Order System

The document outlines an experiment conducted by Ibrahem Abu Hawash at Palestine Polytechnic University, focusing on first-order systems in control engineering. It details the objectives, methodologies, and results of experiments involving an RC circuit and a DC motor, analyzing their responses to various input signals. The conclusion emphasizes the experiment's value in understanding first-order control systems and their practical applications.

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17 views7 pages

First Order System

The document outlines an experiment conducted by Ibrahem Abu Hawash at Palestine Polytechnic University, focusing on first-order systems in control engineering. It details the objectives, methodologies, and results of experiments involving an RC circuit and a DC motor, analyzing their responses to various input signals. The conclusion emphasizes the experiment's value in understanding first-order control systems and their practical applications.

Uploaded by

195250
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PALESTINE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Industrial Automation & Electrical Engineering Programs

Course Activities

Control Systems Lab :5633


Semester: First semester

Academic Year: 2024 \ 2025

STUDENT NAME: Ibrahem abu hawash


ID NUMBER: 195250

ACTIVITY TITLE: Exp#1: First Order Systems

SUBMISSION DATE: 8/10/2024

Instructor: Eng. Mohammed Alqaisi

Hebron
2024
 Introduction:
The First Order System Experiment aims to analyze the behavior
of a first-order system and understand its response to different
input signals. The experiment involves connecting the system to
various input signals and measuring the system's output
response. The system under investigation is described by a first-
order transfer function.
By observing the output behavior in response to the control
signal, we can measure the parameters of the control system,
such as the time constant (time constant) and gain.

 Objectives:
o To understand the Definition of first-order systems in control
System.
o To investigate the behavior of a first-order system in response
to different input signals.
o To determine the impact of varying time constant (τ) and gain
(K) on the system's response.
o A brush DC motor is used for the experiments.
o Concepts of time constant and DC gain are introduced.

 Part A: RC Circuit:

Fig.1: RC Circuit

 Methodology:
o The KCL equation that describes the capacitor voltage for t > 0 is:

d v c ( t ) v c ( t )−V s
C + =0
dt R

o The KCL equation that describes the capacitor voltage for t > 0 is:
−t
v c ( t )=V s −V s e RC

o The KCL equation that describes the capacitor voltage for t > 0 is:

1
v (s ) RC
G ( s )= c =
Vs 1
s+( )
RC

o The output reaches 63% of its final value (1−e−1 ≈ 0.63)


o The circuit response essentially reaches steady state value within
five-time constants (i.e., 5)

 Results:

Fig.2: RC Circuit and its graph by Multisim

o R=9.8kΩ, C= 470µF,
v i(V ) v C (∞) TS τ

4 4 25s 5
6 5.8 24ms 4.8

 Theoretical

τ =R∗C
= 10KΩ*470µF = 4.7

R =9.8 KΩ , C= 470µF

 practical
Table 1: RC circuit response parameters
TS
τ=
5
25
τ ( at 4 v )= =5 s
5
24
τ ( at 6 v )= =4.8
5
 Part B: DC Motor:

Fig.5: DC Motor
 Methodology:
o The response of a DC motor to input voltage (V) and output
angular velocity (ω) can be approximately represented by a first-
order transfer function, as depicted below.
Kt
θm ( s ) RaJm
G M ( s) = =

( )
Ea( s ) 1 K K
[s+ Dm + t b ]
Jm Ra

θm ( s ) k
G M ( s) = =
E a ( s ) s+a

o Where: k =
Kt
R aJm
, and a=
1
Jm
Dm +
(
Kt K b
Ra )
k
G M ( 0 )=
a

- 'a' is the exponential frequency parameter, and the DC gain is


often in RPM/V (revolutions per minute per volt).

o The output of the system is determined after applying a step


input to the DC motor input.
Ak Ak −at
θm ( s ) = → ℒ →θ m ( t )= (1−e )
s(s+ a) a
Ak
o The steady state: θm ( s ) =
a

 Results:

Fig.6: DC Motor and its graph by Multisim

o Final level for the source 10V

Fig. 7: graph for DC Motor by oscilloscope (ea equal 6v)


Note: We borrowed oscilloscope graphs from our department colleagues, and the results closely match
our needs.

θm ( ∞ ) :
e a (V ) θm ( ∞) TS τ
θm ( at 4 v )=1 v=1000rpm
1000
θm ( at 6 v )=1.7 v=1700 rpm 4 4000ms 0.8s
rpm
TS
τ= 1700
5 6 4500ms
Table 2: DC Motor response 0.9s
parameters
rpm
4000 m
τ ( at 4 v )= =0.8 s
5
4500 m
τ ( at 6 v )= =0.9 s
5

o This adjacent picture shows how to connect the circuit according


to how we connected it inside the laboratory:

Fig. 8: System Connection Diagram

 Conclusion:
In conclusion, the first-order system experiment is a simple but
useful experiment for understanding the behavior of first-order
systems and their applications in the real world.

This First Order System Experiment provided valuable insights


into the behavior of first-order control systems and their response
to various input signals. The experiment's objectives were to
understand the fundamental concepts of first-order systems,
investigate their response, and determine the influence of
altering time constant (τ) and gain (K) on system behavior.

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