TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS

UNIT 1 LISTENING TEST Using signposting language

First / First of all, …
PART A Furthermore, …
1 1 c 2 b 3 c Another point is that, …
Finally, …
2 1 b 2 a 3 c To sum up, / To summarize, …
In conclusion, / In short, …
PART B Presenting reasons and evidence to support your
3 1 DNS argument
2 F; Today, some countries have passed laws that ban One effect / result / consequence of …
poaching. As a consequence, …
3 T As a result, …
4T Because of that, …
5 F; China has banned the sale of ivory; however, the
Expressing contrasting opinions
black market for ivory is thriving throughout Asia.
At first glance, it looks/seems as if …
6 F; The speaker believes education will play a crucial
Many people think (that) …
role in ending poaching completely.
Some people say …
It may seem like …
UNIT 1 LANGUAGE TEST But in fact, … / The fact is …
The truth/fact of the matter is …
PART A
Using specific persuasive language
1 1 abundant 2 dispose of 3 conversion Obviously, …
4 shameful 5 yields 6 nutrients 7 starvation Supposing …?
8 unprecedented We can clearly see …
2 1 accelerating 2 fertile 3 combat 4 viable It’s obvious that if you want to …, you need to …
5 sanctions 6 diverting 7 burden 8 loosen The most important thing to remember is …
A lot of people …
PART B
3 1 P UNIT 1 AUDIO SCRIPT
2 NP; The next generation will have to work harder to
1.1
reverse climate change than the current generation
does. Gwen: Good afternoon. I’m Gwen Larkin and this is Our
3 NP; Farmers who diversify their crops see fewer pests World. My guest today is Richard Ellison, the author
than farmers using pesticides. of Where Have All the Elephants Gone? his recently
4 NP; Developing countries face greater challenges than published book about the shameful practice of elephant
developed countries do. poaching in Africa. Africa, of course, is famous for its
5 NP; Today, farmers use more sustainable techniques national parks, reserves and abundant wildlife, including
than they did in the past. its endangered elephants. Welcome to the programme,
Richard.
4 1 to thank for 2 step up 3 credited with
Richard: Thank you, Gwen.
4 to blame 5 sidestepped responsibility
1.2

UNIT 1 SPEAKING TEST Gwen: First, give us some background on poaching. What
exactly is poaching?
MODEL LANGUAGE Richard: Poaching is the practice of hunting animals
Introducing your argument without legal permission. Governments require people
I’d like to suggest that we focus on raising funds to save the to have licences to hunt on public land, so poachers
(species name). are basically unlicensed hunters engaging in illegal
activity. When did poaching begin? Well, poaching, as
we know it today, really began around the middle of the

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
 eighteenth century in Europe. That was the beginning of Gwen: Why is ivory so popular in China, Richard?
the Industrial Revolution, you see, and there were fewer Richard: The Chinese have a long tradition of making
jobs in rural areas at that time because of technological ornaments from ivory and some people believe ivory
advances. There wasn’t enough food and many people has medicinal value. So, I believe education plays a
faced starvation. They turned to poaching as a means crucial role. People need to learn that the slaughter of
to survive and feed their families. However, poaching in elephants is unethical and completely unacceptable.
Africa really accelerated during the twentieth century as Gwen: It’s a sad but very important story. Thanks for
the number of endangered animals, such as elephants, coming on the programme, Richard.
rhinos, lions and tigers, decreased. The elephant Richard: You’re welcome, Gwen.
population, for example, fell from six million in 1800 to
fewer than one million today. The price of ivory in the
last century soared to £1,500 per kilo on the black market. UNIT 2 LISTENING TEST
Gwen: What kind of people are poachers, Richard? Why PART A
do they do it?
Richard: Well, in the 1700s, most poachers weren’t bad 1 1 technology 2 Job 3 replaces 4 disappear
or greedy people – they were hungry and desperate. 5 freedom 6 quicker 7 smartphones 8 protect
Has poaching changed since its beginning? It certainly 2 1 workers 2 35 3 20 4 12 5 phone
has. Today, poachers and ivory smugglers are part of 6 mental 7 fake 8 hate
well-organized criminal networks which yield millions of
pounds in profits. As a result, poaching has pushed several PART B
species, including elephants, to the edge of extinction.
3 1 F; Jim McGregor helps displaced employees find jobs.
Gwen: Can anything be done to stop poaching, Richard?
2 F; Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone in 2007.
Richard: Responsibility falls squarely on the shoulders 3 T
of governments. First, they need to step up to make 4 T
sure that poaching is no longer a viable business in
their countries. To their credit, some countries have
passed laws which ban poaching. Kenya, for example, UNIT 2 LANGUAGE TEST
introduced large fines and long prison sentences, which
reduced poaching by about 80 percent. However,
PART A
it didn’t completely deter poachers. Therefore, the 1 1 e 2 h 3 b 4 a 5 d 6 g 7 c 8 f
government announced that poachers could face the 2 1 customize 2 foundation 3 resent 4 junk
death penalty if caught. Other countries, unfortunately, 5 obstacle 6 fabrics 7 devised
have shirked their responsibility so poachers simply
target animals in those countries. Botswana, which
has more elephants than any other African country, is
PART B
experiencing unprecedented levels of poaching. The 3 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 d
organization Elephants Without Borders reports that 4 1 … simple enough to appeal to …
poachers in that country killed many more elephants 2 … too low to continue developing …
in 2018 than in any other year. The government has 3 … cheap enough to make mass production …
actually loosened its protection of elephants by 4 … too slow to run video games …
disarming the Anti-Poaching Unit. How can they be 5 … too small to make investing in the new business …
expected to combat heavily armed poachers if they
don’t have weapons? Governments must be held
accountable or face tough international sanctions. UNIT 2 SPEAKING TEST
 Second, governments of countries where the black MODEL LANGUAGE
markets operate need to clamp down on the ivory trade.
Acknowledging other arguments
The chain of supply and demand needs to be broken. If
There are two sides to this issue/question/situation:
poachers can no longer sell their product, they’ll need
There are two ways of looking at this issue/question/
to find other ways to make a living. China, which was a
situation:
major market, finally banned the ivory trade in January
Many people think that …,
2018. However, ivory continues to be smuggled out of
On the other hand, …
Africa and the black market is thriving throughout Asia.
…, on the other hand, …
Therefore, it remains to be seen if laws can end poaching
Granted, …, but …
while those involved in the ivory trade perceive the
…; that said, …
rewards to be greater than the risk of being caught.
Having said that, …

TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
Patterns for using concession expressions Gina: It is true that technology creates more free time
position A + concession expression + position B by making tasks quicker and easier to accomplish.
(Social media keeps us connected to our friends; that said, Whether it has provided us with more freedom is
it gives us very little privacy.) questionable. Look at smartphones. When Steve
concession introduction + position A + position B Jobs introduced the iPhone in 2007, he set a new
(There are two different ways of looking at social media: standard. Since then, every smartphone designer has
either it is a good way tell our friends about our lives or adapted Apple’s technology by copying the innovative
it is yet one more responsibility we have that keeps us touchscreen, the apps and other features. Prices have
too busy.) fallen enough to allow almost everyone to have a
concession introduction + position A + concession smartphone. However, along with their convenience
expression + position B comes a downside. One study showed that people
(Granted, social media can be one way to keep informed, check their phones at least 80 times a day or every
but it shouldn’t be your only source of news because it’s 12 minutes! More than half reported never disconnecting
often not reliable.) from their phones. Sixty percent reported experiencing
stress when they lose access to their phone. Even
on holiday, they have difficulty turning it off. Is that
UNIT 2 AUDIO SCRIPT freedom? It sounds more like subservience to me. I
2.1 think we have all seen cases where smartphones are
Commentator: Good afternoon and welcome to our an obstacle to communication – couples or groups
panel discussion on ethical design. Most people agree of people out for dinner all looking at their phones
that technological advances have improved our lives. As instead of talking to each other. I believe that product
technology companies constantly devise new products designers have an ethical responsibility to not only
and services, information is easier to access, and people empower people, but to protect them against the
are more connected than ever before. The workplace antisocial effects of constant connectivity. The problem,
has changed in ways people could never have imagined of course, is that designers cannot always predict those
100 or even 50 years ago. However, we do not effects. Social media is another good example. When
often think about the ethical issues associated with Mark Zuckerberg designed Facebook, could he have
technology until we are directly affected. One major imagined the global impact his product would have?
impact is job displacement. As technology increasingly Several studies have shown that Facebook can be bad
replaces jobs which were traditionally performed by for people’s mental health. They envy their friends’
humans, questions arise about the future of work. successes and start to resent them. They have difficulty
Should technology designers consider the impact distinguishing fake news and other junk from reliable
their products and services will have on workers? Jim news sources. There are serious privacy issues and
McGregor is a human resources consultant who assists there have been major ethical problems. For instance,
displaced employees by making their skills relevant in Myanmar, individuals and organizations, including
to an evolving workplace. Gina Roussel lectures in the military, have persecuted the Rohingya minority
ethical design. First, Jim, what are some jobs that have group by spreading disinformation and hate speech
disappeared as a result of technology? via Facebook. Inevitably, we are seeing a backlash. We
are seeing a rejection of social media by Generation
Jim: Some jobs which have disappeared or are
Z, those born after the mid-1990s. Thirty-four percent
disappearing are lift operators, bridge toll collectors,
have become disillusioned enough to quit social media
supermarket cashiers, switchboard operators, bank
and 64 percent are taking a break. There needs to be a
tellers, train station assistants and, of course, factory
correction, a re-evaluation of the uses and misuses of
workers at plants where automation has taken over
technology. I think that’s a good thing.
the mass production of items such as cars. What’s
more, universities are churning out a new generation of
technology designers and entrepreneurs, encouraging UNIT 3 LISTENING TEST
the trend. With innovations we do not even know
about yet, we can expect more jobs to disappear. PART A
Thirty-five percent of existing jobs in the UK are at risk 1 1 d 2 a 3 c 4 b
of automation in the next 20 years. 2 1 a 2 c 3 d 4 b
Commentator: So technological innovation can cost
people their jobs, but it can also adversely impact our 3 1 F 2 F 3 O 4 F 5 O
lives in other ways. We have more free time, but is that
always a good thing, Gina? PART B
4 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 a 5 a

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
UNIT 3 LANGUAGE TEST Scott: Oh, well, there are several warning signs for
identity theft. One of the most common clues is
PART A noticing a withdrawal from your bank account or a
1 1 personalized 2 encryption 3 move on transaction on your credit card which you did not make.
4 retailers 5 disable 6 compelled Digging deeper, you might find unfamiliar accounts on
7 offline 8 In the interest of your credit report. Utility bills and other post might go
missing from your letterbox. You might start receiving
2 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 c 6 a 7 b 8 c strange phone calls from debt collectors about debts
which are not yours. Of course, it is often hard to be
PART B sure these callers are legitimate. Some scammers posing
3 1 use 2 break 3 prove 4 catch 5 request as debt collectors or tax officials use this tactic to try
and extract people’s private details. Unfortunately, the
4 1 go online 2 Law-abiding 3 surfing the web elderly and immigrants are often targeted because they
4 a secure network 5 combat crime are either unfamiliar with these scams, or they are afraid
6 law enforcement of people who sound like authority figures and are
more likely to agree to their demands.
UNIT 3 SPEAKING TEST Host: Katie, tell us your story.
Katie: I live in a small community. Most of the people
MODEL LANGUAGE in my town know me. One day, the postman knocked
Giving background information on my door. He handed me an envelope from a phone
Let’s begin by looking at … company I had never used. It was a bill which had been
The research states that … sent to my old address. As the postman knew me, he
An example of … delivered it to my new address. That was the beginning
According to … of a horrible nightmare. I discovered that 13 loans had
Data shows that … been taken out in my name, totalling £75,000. I believe
Introducing the survey question the criminals got hold of my driving licence number
Participants were asked … and used it to apply for the loans online. They didn’t
The possible responses include … / or … / or … even need to go to a bank! I had to prove that I had
There were … participants from … not requested the loans, and it was not easy. I had to
produce hundreds of documents that showed all my
Presenting survey data
financial activity over a three-month period. I do not
This [type of graph] compares …
think big corporations do enough to help ordinary
This [type of graph] shows …
people. The government ought to compel them to
As you can see from this [type of chart], …
better protect their customers. In the meantime, the
From this, it can be seen that …
stress took a toll on my health. I was unable to work,
X demonstrates that …
so my livelihood was affected. My credit was ruined. It
The majority of respondents said …
took an entire year to fix the financial mess and move
The distribution of responses here is even/uneven …
on with my life.
Presenting conclusions from research Host: Scott, how widespread is the problem and what
The survey indicates that … can we do to prevent it?
This is significant because … Scott: It is incredibly easy to steal someone’s identity.
People should learn that … A recent report says cybercriminals can buy one for
To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like just £820 on the dark web. According to a 2018 online
to recap … survey, identify theft has increased 125 percent since
2007. Fortunately, there are a number of steps you
UNIT 3 AUDIO SCRIPT can take to minimize the risk. First, review your bank
account and credit card statements vigilantly. Be on the
3.1 lookout for suspicious transactions, even if it’s just a
Host: Good morning, listeners. Today’s topic is identity few pence. Criminals often charge a tiny amount to see
theft. Financial adviser Scott Newman is here to provide if the card works. Second, if you notice something out
some insight into the issue – what is it, how to avoid of the ordinary, act immediately. Contact the finance
it and what to do if your identity is stolen. We will company and report the fraudulent charge. They will
also hear from a victim. Three years ago, Katie Chan, a cancel the card and send you a new one. Third, dispose
primary school teacher, discovered that her identity had of personal paperwork responsibly. One of the worst
been stolen. Scott, how can someone know if his or her mistakes people make is throwing private information
personal information might have been compromised? into the recycling bin where thieves can easily retrieve
TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
 it. Would you hand your personal information to
a stranger on the street? Of course not. But that is
UNIT 4 SPEAKING TEST
essentially what people are doing when they throw MODEL LANGUAGE
personal documents into the bin. Fourth, be extremely Giving a mission statement
cautious about who you share your private information Our background includes …
with. Only use retailers with secure websites to make Our company hopes to …
online purchases. Finally, make sure you have strong An example of …
passwords; keep them in a safe place and do not share This kind of company would …
them with anybody. Recent research shows that office Data shows that …
workers who write down their passwords on paper and
keep them in their desks are 87 percent more likely to Making a request
be victims of identity theft. Your participation would …
We come to you because …
Host: That is great advice, and I’m sure it will help
We are hoping that with your help …
a lot of people. Thank you both for coming on the
programme. Appealing to emotion
We know you share our enthusiasm about …
3.2
Would not it be exciting to … / or … / or …
1 Some scammers posing as debt collectors or tax Another partner would … but we want …
officials use this tactic to try to extract people’s Concluding with a statement of support
private details. We are hoping that …
2 I discovered that 13 loans had been taken out in my Again, we want …
name, totalling £75,000. Your help would enable us to …
To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I would
3 I do not think big corporations do enough to help
like to recap …
ordinary people.
4 Criminals often charge a tiny amount to see if the
card works. UNIT 4 AUDIO SCRIPT
5 That is great advice, and I’m sure it will help a lot 4.1
of people. Organizer: Welcome to the entrepreneurship seminar.
Today, we’ll examine various facets of self-employment
UNIT 4 LISTENING TEST ventures. You’ll learn how to develop a business plan for
launching and maintaining an independent enterprise.
PART A You’ll assess your own interests and skills to compare
1 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c with the successful entrepreneurial profile. You’ll analyze
case studies and the challenges associated with each
2 1 b 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 a stage of a new venture. First, I’ll talk about the basics of
entrepreneurship.
PART B Technologically, where would we be today without
3 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a entrepreneurs – that is, the geniuses with bold ideas
which change our world? To be brutally honest, only a
handful of entrepreneurs realize their dreams – most
UNIT 4 LANGUAGE TEST crash and burn. The fine line between success and
PART A failure depends on a myriad of factors. First comes the
spark of an idea. A good idea takes time, not to mention
1 1 scope 2 concisely 3 oversight 4 ventures
money, to evolve and become a marketable product.
5 transactions 6 elaborate 7 dump 8 donors
Some aspiring entrepreneurs may have personal savings
2 1 overloaded 2 disruptive 3 status 4 wary or can borrow from wealthy family members to get
5 buzzwords 6 worthy 7 overview 8 enterprises their idea off the ground. Others turn to venture capital,
that is, funds provided by investment firms which
PART B finance entrepreneurial ventures. Venture capitalists, or
VCs, are prepared to absorb the risks associated with
3 1 not to mention 2 let alone 3 even 4 even
developing a venture, cognisant that most will fail.
4 1 abandon 2 come out 3 considerable Our first speaker, Marko Voigt, has worked as a VC for
4 main; sort through 5 options; considerable 12 years. Marko, give us an overview of the process. How
do you choose which ideas to invest in?

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
Marko: Well, successful VCs have two primary and 4 F ; In general, people chose male faces for political
seemingly contradictory characteristics: they must be candidates because they looked mature and
wary on the one hand, but they must also be optimistic, masculine.
even idealistic. Six or seven years ago, we were in the 5 T
midst of a start-up frenzy. Everyone wanted a piece 2 1 influence 2 Regardless of 3 respond to
of the action. I had a small army of employees who 4 influence 5 contribute to
were the first point of contact for the start-ups which
approached our firm. If an idea looked promising on
paper, it’d wind up on my desk. My team reviewed PART B
around five thousand business plans each year back in 3 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 a
the day. A typical week for me was meeting with people
from about ten companies for coffee, even lunch if their
idea knocked my socks off. They’d have an hour to pitch
UNIT 5 LANGUAGE TEST
their idea, but to be frank, I’d know within five minutes PART A
whether an idea was worthy of my attention. In other
1 1 navigate 2 reliance on 3 approachable
words, five minutes is all I need to get a sense of the
4 competent 5 reconstruct 6 dominance
scope of a venture, its target audience, the associated
7 landmarks 8 intensively
costs and the probability of a decent return for my
investors. If a business plan doesn’t concisely describe 2 1 deteriorate 2 Exposure 3 impair 4 cue
the idea and deliver the kind of assurance I require, 5 speculated 6 applications 7 definitively
I wish the entrepreneur luck in their future endeavours. 8 relates to
From my standpoint, the game’s over, end of meeting.
Over the course of a year, I’d invest in around 30 PART B
start-ups. That means only 0.5% received financing
3 1 It is difficult to say what makes somebody seem
or one in two hundred. So, as you can see, very few
approachable.
entrepreneurs even get a foot in the door.
2 Researchers want to know if / whether dominance is
You’re probably wondering what it takes to impress a trait we inherit or if we learn it.
me … it’s pretty simple really. I want to see passion. I 3 Brain scientists explored how long it takes alcohol to
want to see a fully-realized vision, even a prototype, impair judgement.
of something which is missing in the world. Maybe I 4 Scientists say we can do more than just speculate
don’t even realize it’s missing until I can imagine what about how we can make a good first impression.
it might do or be. Or it has to be disruptive and push 5 This report can tell you what impresses employers
other contenders out of the market, like Facebook did most in an interview.
to MySpace. Like all VCs, I’m always on the lookout for a
unicorn – a buzzword coined in 2013 by Aileen Lee, who 4 1 attractiveness 2 likeability 3 Aggression
chose the mythical animal to represent the statistical 4 approachable 5 dominance
rarity of a start-up company valued at over a billion
pounds – like Uber, Airbnb or Spotify. Personally, I’ve UNIT 5 SPEAKING TEST
snared two unicorns, which more than makes up for all
the start-ups which failed or which I had to dump when MODEL LANGUAGE
they went nowhere. Giving background information
Organizer: Thanks, Marko. After the break, we’ll examine In the first study, …
what happens once a start-up company receives In the second study …
funding, and what it means to ‘go public’. The participants included …
The purpose of the study was …
Data shows that …
UNIT 5 LISTENING TEST
Discussing points of similarity
PART A In both studies, …
1 1 T Both showed …
2 F; The idea that a candidate’s facial features may Each study reveals …
be more important than their political views is Discussing points of contrast
supported by science. Unlike Study 1, …
3 F; A study at Princeton University in the US suggested An important difference between the … / and … /
that participants were able to predict the winner of indicates …
an election based on photographs. While Study 1 … Study 2 shows …

TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
Concluding with a summary on whether they looked competent in photographs.
When reviewing results for each study, … The candidates’ policies and personal details were
To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like unknown to the participants. Based on photos alone,
to recap … the participants were able to predict the winners at a
rate much higher than chance – from 66 to 73 percent
of the time. Alarmingly, the more time participants
UNIT 5 AUDIO SCRIPT spent thinking about their first impressions, the less
5.1 likely they were to accurately predict the winner. Similar
Teacher: Good morning, class. Today’s topic is especially studies in France, Australia, Mexico, Bulgaria, Finland and
relevant as another election approaches. We’re talking Japan arrived at the same conclusion.
about how we choose our political leaders. Several In a later study, Todorov decided to reconstruct the
studies have shown how quickly we form opinions features of competence in a series of computer-
of people based on their facial features. Generally, generated faces. What he ended up with were faces
first impressions influence how we feel about people, which were generally less round, with a narrower
even before we meet them. Impressions are formed gap between the eyes and eyebrows, pronounced
subconsciously at lightning speed, as fast as one-tenth cheekbones and an angular jaw. The competent faces
of a second! When it comes to political leaders, the were the most attractive, approachable, mature and
same holds true. Though people may argue that they masculine. In summary, people liked a male face which
choose candidates based on whether they agree with may partially explain why – according to a 2016 study
their policies and how competent they are at their by the United Nations – women make up only about 23
job, science tells us otherwise – that our choices have percent of the world’s politicians. What we don’t know
less to do with politics and more to do with cognitive definitively is whether these perceptions are hard-wired
processes, particularly perception. This morning, I’ve at birth, learned prejudices or the result of cultural bias
invited Dr Jana Betancourt from the Department of about gender and competence. I can only speculate that
Political Science to share her knowledge on the subject. it’s a combination of all three, which is good news in a
Thanks for joining us today, Dr Betancourt. way. As Todorov points out, if perceptions are learned,
Doctor: Thanks for inviting me. You’re absolutely they can be reversed; and the more women there are in
correct. Except for staunch partisans who always vote successful leadership positions – the UK, Germany and
for a particular party, facial features affect how most New Zealand are good examples – the more people
people respond to political leaders and influence how might change their minds.
competent they believe them to be. Teacher: Thank you for your insights, Dr Betancourt. It’s
George Washington, the first US president, for example, certainly disturbing to realize how facial features may
carefully constructed his appearance – pulling his impact leadership choices more than the state of the
hair tightly into a ponytail to enhance the size of his economy or unemployment rates. Something for us all
forehead in order to project an aura of dominance. to think about as we decide which candidate to
Ancient Persians, on the other hand, considered a large, vote for …
long nose to be a sign of a strong leader, after Cyrus the
Great, an emperor in the 6th century BCE. And several MID-LEVEL LISTENING TEST
great emperors in Ancient China were described as
having long ears that could touch their shoulders. LISTENING 1
Of course, until very recently, politicians didn’t have 1 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b
the relentless exposure of today’s 24-hour media 2 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 b 5 a
cycle, when an unfortunate facial expression can
quickly become a meme and go viral, impairing or even
destroying a candidate’s positive public perception. LISTENING 2
Conversely, people tend to stubbornly cling to a 3 1 dominance 2 encryption 3 obstacles
favourable first impression, despite what they later learn 4 accelerating 5 worthy
about a political leader, including negative character 4 1 people rather than science 2 increase in the coming
traits such as lying or bullying. years 3 Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths;
In a study conducted by Alexander Todorov, a opportunities will increase 4 more likely to gravitate
psychologist at Princeton University in the US and
an expert on the subject, participants were asked to
predict winning candidates in various elections, based

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
MID-LEVEL LANGUAGE TEST MID-LEVEL AUDIO SCRIPT
PART A LISTENING 1
1 1 foundations 2 loosened 3 elaborate MID 1
4 applications 5 drastically 6 compelled Interviewer: Green, organic, eco-friendly – these
7 speculate 8 abundant buzzwords have been flying around for years. After
9 disruptive 10 livelihood a while, buzzwords can lose their meaning. We’re
2 1 enterprise 2 navigate 3 accelerated constantly bombarded with information about the
4 obstacle 5 disable 6 deteriorate importance of sustainability – another buzzword – but
what does it mean? My guest today is author Paul
Erikson, a vocal advocate for sustainability. How do you
PART B define the word, Paul?
3 1 more important than 2 bold enough 3 have Paul: I agree, the overuse of words like sustainability can
4 The majority of 5 not to mention 6 even cause confusion and even a backlash. People get sick
7 what they found 8 if they were going to and tired of hearing about it. I see their eyes glaze over
4 1 Consumers bought more goods this season, and as a when I use the term. They don’t see how it relates to
result the economy improved. them. But the basic concept is too important to ignore.
2 The doctor is credited with saving many lives. According to the United Nations World Commission
3 The search was done on one of the company’s secure on Environment and Development, ‘Sustainable
networks. development is development that meets the needs
4 The team showed competence when they delivered of the present without compromising the ability of
their presentation today. future generations to meet their own needs’. In other
5 One of the major causes of her anxiety was fear of words, sustainability alludes to the fact that fossil fuels
future events. – I’m talking about coal, oil, natural gas – that these
resources are finite, that someday they’ll run out. So
sustainability involves using resources – all resources –
MID-LEVEL SPEAKING TEST wisely and responsibly. It means taking the long-term
MODEL LANGUAGE view as opposed to selfish short-term gains … It’s taking
into consideration the impact … the long-term effects
Proposing ideas
on our children and grandchildren.
I think a great product would be …
I’d suggest … Interviewer: That sounds noble, but my guess is that
People would benefit from ... a lot people think that sustainability isn’t relevant to
I’d like to see … their daily lives. That as individuals, they can’t make a
My idea would … difference …
This product could … Paul: On the contrary, it’s extremely relevant and people
can make a difference. Frankly, if we all sidestepped our
Listing benefits
responsibility, the human race would be doomed. The
The benefit of this is …
poet John Donne once wrote: ‘I am involved in mankind;
The best thing about this is …
and therefore never send to know for whom the bell
My hope is that this will …
tolls; it tolls for thee’. Meaning, we all bear the burden
I think this would be great because …
of responsibility. It rests on our shoulders. Listen to the
Emphasizing information bell. It’s an alarm bell!
Wouldn’t it be wonderful if … Interviewer: You’re obviously a big believer that each of
I’ve heard that … us can take steps to help the environment. Can you be
It seems to me that … more specific?
It’s a well-known fact that … Paul: We all need to shop, right? Consumers can make
Using emphasis when offering an opinion a difference by shopping responsibly. You’ve heard
I strongly believe that … the phrase, ‘Reduce, reuse, recycle’. Before you buy
I really don’t think that … something, ask yourself: Do I really need this? If the
I’m totally convinced that … answer is yes, choose products that are environmentally
It’s completely true that … friendly. Avoid plastic bags and packaging. Say no to
plastic straws, spoons and forks. Buy products that don’t
endanger wildlife. Be wary about what ads tell you.
Read labels!

TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
Interviewer: But people are eating better today than graduated from university because the workforce wasn’t
they ate in the past, aren’t they? considered a worthy ambition for women. One of the
Paul: I’m afraid that’s not true. Food is much more unsung heroes of the war was Agnes Meyer Driscoll,
processed now than it used to be. We can point the whose groundbreaking work in the field of cryptanalysis
finger at the shameful practice of the mass production … code-breaking … really advanced the science of
of unhealthy processed foods … corporations and encryption and what is now called cybersecurity.
retailers who put the bottom line … profits … before Moderator: What happened to these women after
public health. Who seem not to care that their products the war?
cause major health issues like obesity and diabetes, Dr Karam: I suspect most of them were dumped from
especially in children, which we know can be traced to their roles or lost their status as the men returned
diet. There are unprecedented levels of salt, fats and and re-entered the workforce. Overall, the number of
sugars in processed food, as well as artificial flavours, women declined significantly, and by the 1980s when
mysterious chemicals, all kinds of additives, empty the tech industry really started to take off, there were
calories, few nutrients. And most appallingly, much of very few indeed.
this junk food is targeted at children. It never ceases Moderator: Do you think those women resented the loss
to amaze me that people wouldn’t bring junk into of their jobs?
their homes, and yet they’re fine with serving it to Dr Karam: I can’t say definitively, but I suspect that
their families. the majority of women were resentful about it. On
Interviewer: Of course, many people don’t have time to the other hand, we must remember it was a different
cook. People are busy … era. I’m sure a large number of women were excited
Paul: Actually, it’s not that difficult, and it’s generally that the war had ended and the men were coming
much cheaper, to prepare nutritious home-cooked home. They’d made a significant contribution and were
meals. Do they take a little longer to prepare? Sure, but possibly content to abandon their careers and move
as I said earlier, sustainability is about the long-term on with their lives, start families ... For those women, it
benefits. By eating well, we sustain our lives … we sustain was certainly a trade-off – giving up their ambitions to
our health. By living longer, we sustain the time we get become homemakers.
to spend with those we love! Moderator: When we look at the statistics today, more
Interviewer: Thanks, Paul. I have a better understanding boys than girls focus on STEM subjects – Science,
of sustainability now! Technology, Engineering and Maths. Can you provide
any insight as to why that’s the case?
LISTENING 2 Dr Karam: Yes, that’s true. What we found in our
research is that around 64 percent of girls study STEM
MID 2
subjects at school, compared to 83 percent of boys.
Moderator: The topic of this morning’s seminar is And that number drops to 30 percent of women at
Women in Tech: Where Are They? It’s no secret university, compared to 53 percent of men. It was once
that women are woefully underrepresented in the assumed that boys were simply more competent at
technology sector. The majority of tech jobs at the subjects like Maths and Science compared to girls. That’s
largest technology companies are held by men, with a harmful stereotype, not to mention totally inaccurate.
women occupying only about 20 percent. In the UK, the Studies have found that girls do just as well and in some
figure is in the neighbourhood of 15 percent. So there’s a cases even better than boys on test scores. No doubt,
considerable gender gap. Our first presenter is Dr Noura socialization impacts children – girls still often play with
Karam. Dr Karam, could you give us an overview of dolls and boys with toy cars. To be honest, women in
women’s role in the field? general gravitate towards careers which involve working
Dr Karam: Yes, everyone talks about the dominance of with people whereas men prefer working with things,
men in tech, but what many people don’t realize is that but I think that’s changing. There are many initiatives
women were pioneers in the field. Women were among aimed at removing obstacles which have prevented
the first software engineers and computer programmers. women from participating equitably in the tech sector.
This can be attributed partly to the Second World War. For example, there are a large number of coding clubs
With men away fighting, women stepped in to fill the and summer camps designed to get girls hooked on
void. Between 1942 and 1944, more than 10,000 women coding and discover how fun it can be. To sum up, as
trained as codebreakers in the US, devising methods of these girls graduate with technology degrees, the pace
encryption to thwart the enemy. Their work helped to at which women enter the tech sector should accelerate
shorten the war, not to mention save thousands of lives. significantly over the next decade.
This was at a time when only four percent of women

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
UNIT 6 LISTENING TEST Appropriateness for the position
I’m a good fit for this position because …
PART A … make me a good fit/match for this position.
1 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 c Your company is exactly …
I’d really love to work at … because …
2 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 b The company culture is …
A positive ending
PART B It has been a delight to, …
3 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 F To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like
to recap …
UNIT 6 LANGUAGE TEST I hope to hear about …

PART A UNIT 6 AUDIO SCRIPT

1 1 be landed with 2 discrimination
3 probationary period 4 cap 5 format 6.1
6 rehearsed 7 distinct Interviewer: Hello, Elena. Please take a seat. Tell me a
2 1 accomplishments 2 vision 3 daunting little bit about yourself.
4 dreaded 5 collaboration 6 rambled Elena: Well, I’ve been working in digital marketing at
7 started out 8 analytical the Arbicon Agency for nearly three years. I started
out as an intern during my final year of university and
was offered a full-time position after I completed
PART B my degree. I’ve managed the social media for lots of
3 1 It takes such a long time to answer their survey that campaigns … I just completed a rebranding project for
it’s difficult to get many responses. a chain of family-style restaurants. They changed their
2 The sales goals are so high that the managers are logo and menu … made it healthier … wanted to appeal
concerned they won’t achieve them. to a younger demographic. I helped with the research
3 That company has such a difficult entrance exam that and analytical areas, like search engine optimization and
it’s difficult to get an interview there. monitoring their online reputation.
4 The career fair was such a success that the career Interviewer: Interesting. What about your interests
coaches received many new names and contacts. outside of work?
5 Their presentations were so great that many of the Elena: Um, I enjoy acting. I belong to an amateur theatre
audience members stood and applauded at the end. group so I spend most of my free time rehearsing. We
4 1 means 2 saying 3 Believe 4 mistake 5 sure perform three plays a year at the community centre.
Interviewer: That sounds like fun. Now, tell me about
UNIT 6 SPEAKING TEST your greatest accomplishment in your current job.
Elena: Um, I’d have to say, without a doubt, creating a
MODEL LANGUAGE social media presence for a corporate charity from the
Appropriate greeting ground up. I also helped to write … I created content
It’s nice to meet you, … and also worked on a video production. Within three
Allow me to introduce myself, … months of launching the campaign, the charity raised
I’m pleased to discuss, … over £2 million. I thought that was … I’m proud of my
contribution.
Skills and personal attributes
Interviewer: Do you consider yourself to be a team
I’m very good at …
player, Elena?
I’m skilled at …
I work well … Elena: Oh, sure. Every project I’ve worked on requires
I consider myself a … collaboration. I mean, I’ve always been encouraged to
participate and to speak my mind. My team … everyone
Background (education and experience) I work with … we all have something creative to offer …
I have … years of experience in/as … we all contribute ideas. We do a lot of brainstorming at
I studied … at … the beginning … I really like the planning stage.
I have learned to …
Interviewer: It sounds like you enjoy your job, Elena.
Goals Why are you interested in this job?
I hope to develop my skills / further my career in …
I hope to accomplish …
I want to focus on …
TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
Elena: Frankly, I wasn’t looking for another job. But
I saw your recent campaign on TV, you know, the
UNIT 7 LANGUAGE TEST
anti-discrimination in the workplace ad and it blew me PART A
away. I mean, I thought it was really cool and relevant. 1 1 intervenes 2 minimal 3 allergy 4 properties
Everyone was talking about it. I looked at your website 5 concentration 6 obesity 7 severity 8 disparity
and was impressed by your other campaigns as well. I
like that you’re a small agency, unlike Arbicon. Most of 2 1 contaminated 2 incidence 3 compromise
the campaigns I work on are commercial and not very 4 guidelines 5 correlation 6 hygiene
interesting for me. Make no mistake, I do like my job,
but I often get landed with products like toothpaste PART B
and laundry detergent. Sorry, I didn’t mean to ramble. 3 1 T he city council have been discussing local water
Interviewer: No, not at all. Believe me, I think we’ve pollution, and by doing so, have caused many
all had projects which we dreaded working on. I think residents to phone them to complain.
it’s important to know where our true interests lie, 2 The hospitals are responsible for conducting anti-
especially when we’re young. What would you say is smoking campaigns, and such campaigns have already
your greatest strength, Elena? been effective.
Elena: Well, I think I’m passionate about my work, the 3 I wrote a letter to the editor about the issue, and so
campaigns I believe in, that is. I’m also committed did two of my friends.
to learning as much as possible about what makes a 4 The city is required to have a plan to reduce water-
successful social campaign. I’ve learned a lot at Arbicon, borne illnesses, but there is no such plan.
and I think I can bring that commercial knowledge to 5 The city should work harder to inform people about
your company’s campaigns. the dangers of e-cigarettes because such measures
Interviewer: What about weaknesses? We all have them. will provide the public with better information.
Elena: Er, in the past, sometimes I had a problem with 4 1 outrageous 2 shocking 3 horrified
time management. Some tasks were so time-consuming 4 deplorable 5 dreadful
that I’d miss my deadline. I think I’ve become better at
managing my time now.
Interviewer: Do you have any questions for me?
UNIT 7 SPEAKING TEST
Elena: Er, I guess I was wondering … would I have the MODEL LANGUAGE
opportunity to work in different areas besides social Appropriate greeting
media? Say, video production? I really enjoyed working Thank you for attending, …
on the charity video. Allow me to introduce myself, …
Interviewer: Absolutely. This is such a small agency that I have an important issue to discuss, …
employees don’t really have distinct roles here. They
need to be flexible and able to multi-task on several Appeals to emotion
campaigns. People move between departments all the Wouldn’t you be happier if …
time. After the three-month probationary period, it’s Your health is so important to …
quite possible you could focus on video production. I’ll It’s completely unacceptable that …
be in touch soon. It was very nice meeting you, Elena. We cannot allow …
Elena: Thank you. I enjoyed meeting you, too. Appeals to logic
You must see that …
It’s obvious that …
UNIT 7 LISTENING TEST It makes sense to, …
PART A Improved health can …

1 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 c Using inclusive language

If we want to …, we need to …
2 1 appeal to emotion 2 appeal to emotion Perhaps he/she can …
3 appeal for trust 4 appeal to logic 5 appeal Everybody … Everyone …
to logic Like all of you, I want to know why …
So, what do you think?
PART B Conclusions
3 1 a 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 a To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like
to recap …
I hope to hear about …

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
UNIT 7 AUDIO SCRIPT devices automatically turn off an engine after two minutes.
The CEOs have committed to installing the devices in their
7.1 vehicles over the next twelve months, as well as including
I’d like to welcome everybody to our second open anti-idling guidelines in their employee manual. By doing
forum of the year. As many of you know, we hold such so, they will really drive home – excuse the pun – the
meetings four times a year to discuss issues of concern message that the practice is completely unacceptable.
in our community. I’m honoured to be your elected Finally, there’s an incentive for all of us, too. If you see a lorry,
representative and, as such, I care about your problems. bus or van idling for longer than three minutes, take a time-
To start, I’ll update you on an issue which arose at our last stamped photo or video which includes the number plate
meeting, and then I’ll announce an exciting new initiative. and send it to the authorities. In some areas, after receiving
As you’ll recall, many of you complained about lorries, such evidence, some environmental protection organizations
buses and especially delivery vans idling outside your may send you up to 25 percent of the fine imposed on the
homes for longer than the three minutes allowable by law. driver, as a reward for making such issues known.
You’d had enough of this deplorable practice and so had I. I’m confident such measures will finally put an end to the
Exhaust emissions, especially from older vehicles, contain menace of idling engines and make our city a cleaner and
a high concentration of toxic properties, such as carbon quieter place to live. Are there any questions?
monoxide and particulate matter. Tons of these disgusting
pollutants are pumped into our city’s air each year. As
countless studies have revealed, there is a direct correlation UNIT 8 LISTENING TEST
between air contaminants and the alarming increase in
allergies and other health problems like asthma, especially PART A
in children. Several of you recorded vehicles idling for 1 1 a 2 c
well over the three-minute limit. There was one shocking 2 1 a 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 a
incident of a driver leaving his engine running for forty-
five minutes! As well as contributing to air pollution, they
make a dreadful noise, especially the refrigerated vans. Like PART B
all of you, I’m utterly appalled by the blatant disregard for 3 1 T
the law shown by these irresponsible drivers. It’s common 2 F; Most companies will only bring in an expert in conflict
knowledge that many of them are prepared to pay fines resolution if internal efforts are not successful.
rather than abide by the law. Some of you were dismayed 3 T
that there seems to be minimal enforcement of the law. 4 F; The most successful managers likely have
We followed up with our local police who informed us that accommodating or collaborating personality types.
they’re well aware of the severity of the problem. However, 5 F; Many employees believe that human resources
due to budget cuts, their resources are limited, especially managers are not effective at handling bullies in the
with the increasing number of vans delivering online orders. workplace.
Clearly, something must be done. So today, I’m announcing
our anti-idling initiative. I’ve had several productive UNIT 8 LANGUAGE TEST
meetings with the CEOs of three companies with large
fleets of delivery vans, which we identified as the worst PART A
offenders. None of the CEOs were aware that idling uses 1 1 dynamics 2 constructive 3 resentment
up two litres of fuel per hour, emitting over five kilograms 4 defuse 5 sense of ownership 6 resolve 7 bully
of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is a dreadful 8 perception
waste of fuel, as well as contaminating the air that we
2 1 outcome 2 consensus 3 legacy 4 reservations
breathe. So, it’s obvious that reducing fuel consumption is
5 counteract 6 hybrid 7 stake
an incentive to proactively address the problem.
Another issue we discussed are some misconceptions PART B
about idling an engine. One myth is that frequently turning
an engine on and off wears it out. Not true! Another is that 3 1 What the human resources department discovered
idling keeps an engine in better condition – also false! A was that looking through the resumes in a group was
third is that starting an engine uses more fuel than idling. helpful.
In fact, an idling van uses more fuel in ten seconds than 2 What the employer offers is working from home once
stopping and restarting the engine! We also discussed anti- or twice each week.
idling technology, which is designed to help drivers monitor 3 What we are asking for / What we ask for is
and manage levels of idling and prevent them from leaving employees’ collaboration with people from each
engines running while their vans are stationary. These department.

TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
 4 What a/the new report indicates is (that) discovering So, the purpose of conflict resolution is to defuse a toxic
new management styles is helpful for working with situation and get the organization back on track. If an
team members. internal effort fails, an outside mediator can bring a fresh
5 What teachers state is teaching children teamwork perspective … an objective viewpoint … someone to step
and collaboration is important. in and say, ‘Let’s tackle the problem in a different way’.
4 1 deal with 2 participate in 3 insist on Jill: Are there certain personality types which are better
4 interfere with 5 believe in equipped to resolve conflicts?
Ramana: Absolutely. One useful measurement is the
Thomas-Kilman Conflict Mode Instrument; it’s one of
UNIT 8 SPEAKING TEST most commonly used models for understanding how
MODEL LANGUAGE people manage conflict. This model identifies five
conflict management styles: competing, collaborating,
Position statement
avoiding, accommodating and compromising.
I propose …
Accommodating and collaborating are at one end of
One idea is, …
the spectrum and are highly cooperative styles. On the
A possibility for this would be, …
other end are the uncooperative styles of competing
Making suggestions and avoiding. Competing and collaborating types are
How about / What about …? more assertive, and avoiding and accommodating types
Let’s try / think about / consider … are less assertive. Unsurprisingly, the compromising
Why don’t we try / think about / consider …? personality types are in the middle.
What do you suggest/propose? Jill: So what you’re saying is that people who are
Reasons for proposed solution accommodating and collaborating types are better at
This would be the best decision because … resolving conflicts …
I think this would be a great plan for … Ramana: Exactly. Those who avoid conflict are burying
The most logical solution here would be … their heads in the sand. As we know, ignoring a problem
Offering concessions doesn’t make it go away; in fact, it will most likely get
I see what you mean, … worse. Conflict resolution isn’t painless. You can’t make
You have a good point … an omelette without breaking a few eggs! What I mean
That’s a good idea … by that is feelings will inevitably get hurt in the process.
No one is ever 100 percent satisfied with the outcome
Conclusions of a resolution, and there may be lingering resentment
To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like on both sides, but that’s what compromising is all about.
to recap … Jill: We also hear about Type A and Type B
I hope to hear about … personalities …
Ramana: This simplified model was created by two
UNIT 8 AUDIO SCRIPT researchers back in 1959. Type A personalities are more
assertive, impatient and competitive, and Type Bs
8.1 are more easy going, cooperative and tend to avoid
Jill: Today’s topic is conflict resolution and my guest is Dr conflict. Both types are goal-oriented but reach their
Ramana Venkat, an industrial psychologist and author of goals in very different ways. While both types are prone
several books about group and organizational dynamics to stress, Type As will suffer more stress-related health
in the workplace. Welcome to the programme, Ramana. issues such as heart disease. Type A behaviour can also
Ramana: Thank you for inviting me, Jill. result in bullying. A workplace bully is a destructive
Jill: Explain to us what conflict resolution means. force in an organization. Worldwide, 70 percent of
Ramana: Well, the modern workplace is a combination employees have experienced bullying at some point
of diverse individuals with different educational in their careers. Most companies have anti-harassment
backgrounds, life experiences and personality types, all policies in place, so it’s frustrating that bullying persists.
thrown together to serve the goals of the organization. What I’ve found is that the common perception of a
It’s human nature that when people are in close bully is the stereotype of a big, tough guy who behaves
proximity for a period of time, conflict is bound to aggressively towards a smaller, weaker person. The
arise. Not everyone is equipped with the necessary reality is that bullies come in all shapes and sizes; they
communication skills to resolve a disagreement in a can operate so subtly that victims may not at first
balanced and constructive manner. This can interfere realize they’re targets. If a bully is perceived to be a
with the well-being of an entire department or successful employee, victims may feel they cannot rely
organization and have a negative effect on staff morale. on the human resources department to resolve the

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
 issue. What researchers have found is that the majority Naming drawbacks
of victims – about 77 percent – will quit their jobs One problem I see is …
rather than continue to put up with a bully. A possible issue is …
Jill: Especially when it often seems HR managers are more Unfortunately, …
likely to side with management than with employees. Digressing
Very disturbing. We’ll be back after a short break … First let me take / let’s take a moment
Oh, before I forget,
UNIT 9 LISTENING TEST That reminds me,
Changing the topic for a moment
PART A Incidentally,
1 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 a Before I/we get to / discuss … I just want to clarify
2 Tick 1 (example: They already are, Sarah. There’s a lot of something
interesting and unusual artwork being created with AI.) Returning to the point
Tick 3 (expert opinion: after all, what is ‘art’? The Anyway,
answer is irrelevant. Art is whatever we believe it to be. Returning to my point,
It’s indefinable.) Getting back to my point, / the topic,
Let’s return to
That brings us back to
PART B As I said earlier,
3 1 F; In the future, it’s not likely that the work of artists
Conclusions
will be eliminated entirely.
To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like
2 F; Many artists already collaborate with AI in the
to recap …
creation of artwork.
I hope to hear about …
3 T
4T
5T UNIT 9 AUDIO SCRIPT
9.1
UNIT 9 LANGUAGE TEST Sarah: Hello, I’m Sarah and I’d like to talk to you today
PART A about creativity. Anthropologists consider creativity to
be a uniquely human characteristic. Other species might
1 1 verify 2 mimic 3 elaborate 4 at stake create beautiful things – intricate spider webs, elaborate
5 constitute 6 dexterity 7 rational 8 compassion birds’ nests – but they do so for practical purposes.
2 1 confronted with 2 disposable income 3 peers Humans alone create for the sheer pleasure of creating.
4 pervasive 5 reluctant 6 intuition 7 related to As the author Sir Ken Robinson noted, creativity is
8 mundane applied imagination … it’s putting our imagination
to work … it’s the source of every form of human
PART B achievement. How mundane our lives would be if there
was no art! Art defines a culture. When we travel to a
3 1 impersonal 2 undesirable 3 illogical foreign country, what do we do? We visit a museum.
4 inconsiderate 5 unavoidable 6 insufficient You might assume, therefore, that jobs related to
4 1 could 2 would be 3 could 4 could be 5 may creativity were secure and that the idea of an AI artist is
implausible. Here to share his perspective is art historian
Elias Alaoui. Elias, I mentioned earlier that creativity is
UNIT 9 SPEAKING TEST uniquely human, but is it? Will robots be programmed to
MODEL LANGUAGE be creative in the future?
Statements of prediction Elias: They already are, Sarah. There’s a lot of interesting
I think … and unusual artwork being created with AI. Some of it is
One day, … very good!
In the future, … Sarah: Is that so? What do you mean by ‘good’? What
constitutes ‘good art’, in your opinion?
Naming benefits
Elias: First, let me clarify. I said created ‘with AI’ not
One positive thing would be …
‘by AI’. In other words, it’s a collaborative effort – a
The great thing about this is …
human artist works with AI to produce unique and
And the best part is …

TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
 sometimes remarkable artworks. And not only art;
there’s collaboration in music, dance and literature
UNIT 10 LISTENING TEST
as well. Humans input the algorithms which ‘teach’ PART A
AI the fundamental elements of a visual, musical or 1 Tick 1, 3, 5
literary style, and then the computer’s ‘brain’ applies
those elements in original ways to create a new work.
In 2016, for instance, an AI system called Flow Machine
PART B
incorporated data from 13,000 musical notations from 2 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 b 5 b
various songs to produce an original composition. 3 1 F ; He feels it’s not remotely accurate to call the
Sarah: So you’re saying that AI doesn’t simply mimic the people who’ve lived in a region for five thousand
visual or musical styles it has learned – it comes up years ‘foreigners’.
with something entirely different … 2T
Elias: Er, I’d be reluctant to say entirely different. 3 F; He realizes that every language has its dialects.
Obviously, the artistic works are based on pre-existing 4T
elements. But don’t human artists use outside 5 T
influences? Don’t they incorporate elements they’ve
learned into their own works? What I’m trying to say UNIT 10 LANGUAGE TEST
is that no artwork is 100 percent original. Artists are
inspired by other artists … by other cultures. Look at PART A
Picasso. He was influenced by his peers, fellow artists 1 1 statistical 2 explicit 3 vague 4 radically
Cézanne and Braque. While visiting a museum in Paris, 5 determine 6 discrepancy 7 frowned upon
he was deeply moved by the traditional African masks 8 lacking in
he saw and used them in his work. Returning to AI,
2 1 incomprehensible 2 frustrating 3 aptitude
some artists use a technique called style transfer, which
4 grasp 5 excel 6 complexities 7 remotely
uses algorithms … neural networks … to replicate and
8 coherent
combine artistic styles. AI then produces a fusion, or a
mash-up, of these styles.
Sarah: So you’ve mentioned human-AI collaborations ... PART B
What about AI as a sole creator? Is that unlikely? I mean, 3 1 persuade 2 explain 3 start talking about
it’s impossible for me to imagine AI-generated artworks 4 be perceived as
being able to inspire a visceral response in the viewer, 4 1 Not being able to 2 to get used to
feelings like awe or compassion. I think AI-generated 3 have been used 4 to have to 5 being
artwork would be … cold, impersonal.
Elias: Actually, researchers at the Art and Artificial
Intelligence Laboratory at Rutgers University in the UNIT 10 SPEAKING TEST
US have experimented with this. They’ve developed MODEL LANGUAGE:
an AI system for creating art which doesn’t involve a
human artist in the creative process, though humans Greetings
are involved in the learning process. In their study, they Welcome to …
asked human judges to compare artworks created by I have a few questions, …
AI with those by human artists. To the researchers’ Please join me, …
surprise, the judges rated the AI images higher than Naming benefits
those created by real artists! Which brings me back to One positive thing would be …
your earlier question – it depends on what you consider The greatest thing about this is …
to be ‘good art’. There are certainly artworks which we Personally, I think …
can all agree are good or even great – the Mona Lisa, Asking appropriate and productive questions
for example. It’s not inconceivable that AI artists could How long have you been …?
attain such artistic greatness; after all, what is ‘art’? The Do you …? Where …? How many hours …? Why not?
answer is irrelevant. Art is whatever we believe it to be. What are your reasons for …?
It’s indefinable. Why? Because beauty is in the eye of Tell me a little bit about how you …
the beholder.
Sarah: I suppose that’s true, Elias. Well, everyone should Asking for more information
get ready, I suppose. Someday soon we’ll be seeing new I wonder …
art exhibitions created completely by AI! I don’t know if Could you explain …
I should be excited or worried! Would you mind …

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
Interrupting and handling questions pronounce words differently. I work with an Australian
Could I just stop you there … and at first his English was totally incomprehensible to
I’d just like to pick up on what you were saying about … me. He’d come out with phrases that I’d never heard
Conclusions before. Asking people to repeat themselves over and
To summarize, … / To sum up … / In conclusion … / I’d like over gets embarrassing. What I’m trying to say is that I
to recap … wasn’t aware of the huge discrepancy in the way English
I hope to hear about … is spoken. I mean, I realize that every language has
dialects – Moroccans speak a dialect of Arabic called
Darija – but I was surprised by the enormous variety in
UNIT 10 AUDIO SCRIPT English. Even people from the same country can sound
different depending on which part they grew up in so
10.1
they can even have trouble understanding each other!
Interviewer: Hello. I work for Public Radio. We’re doing
Interviewer: If I could just return to the subject of your
a programme about multilingual people. Do you speak
first language … Tama—
more than one language?
Interviewee: Tamazight.
Interviewee: Yes, I do. I speak four.
Interviewer: Tamazight. Do you still speak it? I mean, it’s
Interviewer: Four! You obviously have an aptitude for
not a very common language.
languages. Do you have a few minutes to answer some
Interviewee: I speak it with my family when I call them.
questions?
It’s the language we’ve always spoken at home. This
Interviewee: Well … I’m on my way to an appointment,
might surprise you but 30 million people speak Amazigh
but … okay. What would you like to know?
languages – they’re ancient too, among the world’s
Interviewer: First, what’s your name? oldest. Until 2003, our language wasn’t recognized in
Interviewee: Brahim. Morocco – it was perceived to be a threat to national
Interviewer: Which languages do you speak, Brahim? cohesion – but today it’s taught in some schools. There
Interviewee: My first language is Tamazight. It’s one of isn’t really a coherent policy though, and thousands
the languages of the Amazigh – the indigenous people of children whose first language is Tamazight are not
of the Maghreb … North Africa. receiving explicit instruction in their native language.
Interviewer: Are they like … the Berbers? Not everyone agrees that they should. Some people
Interviewee: Calling the Amazigh people Berbers is think students would be better served learning a
frowned upon these days. It’s derived from the Latin language which will be more useful to them in the
barbari, which means ‘foreigners’. It’s not remotely global economy.
accurate to call the people who’ve lived in a region for Interviewer: Like English …
five thousand years foreigners, so we prefer Amazigh, Interviewee: And they have a point. But language is part
which means ‘free people’. of our cultural identity, right? Children who hear their
Interviewer: Fascinating. What other languages do native language at school do better. They feel more
you speak? comfortable ... more motivated to learn. Unfortunately,
Interviewee: I learned Arabic and French in primary there’s a problem with poor teaching methods because
school. I learned some English in secondary school, but teachers haven’t been formally trained. So some people
I wasn’t able to achieve fluency until I moved here for think that introducing a Tamazight language programme
my job. At first, it was frustrating because people speak has been a failure. Schools are also lacking in printed
so fast. Learning English at school and using it in the real materials … there are only two hundred and fifty books
world are two entirely different things. Understanding written in Tamazight. Gosh, is that the time? I must rush!
different English accents can also be challenging. At Interviewer: Thanks for your time, Brahim …
my office – an international real estate company –
employees come from all over and they speak English
differently. Now I’m able to determine where they come
END-OF-LEVEL LISTENING TEST
from based on their accent. LISTENING 1
Interviewer: You have an excellent grasp of English 1 Possible answers:
yourself, Brahim. I’d like to pick up on what you were 1 Urban sprawl allowed for higher disposable incomes
saying about different English accents. Are you talking and safer environments to raise families.
about the accents of other non-native English speakers? 2 Cities attract tourism, which boosts the economy.
Interviewee: No, I meant the different accents of native 3 There are many expenses for building infrastructure.
English speakers! Americans, Irish, Scottish, Australians – 4 Lack of cultural activities.
they use different words for the same thing … they

TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
 5 City centres go through declines and revitalization Previewing a topic
periods, making them attractive or unattractive places I’d like to start by talking about …
to live at different times. Then I’ll discuss …
2 1 c 2 a 3 e 4 b 5 d After that, I’m going to explain …
Finally, I’ll explore …
LISTENING 2 Rhetorical questions
What do you think?
3 1 a, d 2 c, e 3 b, f Would you rather have …?
4 1 a 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 a 6 b 7 c Shouldn’t we all …?
Don’t you think …?
END-OF-LEVEL LANGUAGE TEST Proposing ideas
In my opinion, this technology can …
PART A This has the potential to …
1 1 concentration 2 hygiene 3 verify I hope …
4 definitively 5 outcome 6 resolve People would be able to ...
7 personalize 8 mimic 9 remotely Paraphrasing
10 accomplishment 11 resent 12 burden In other words, …
2 1 responsibility 2 irrational 3 appalling That is, …
4 search engine 5 come across as 6 outraged To sum up, …

PART B END-OF-LEVEL AUDIO SCRIPT

3 1 The career fair was so crowded that the organizers LISTENING 1
planned a second one.
2 Language mastery requires such skills as / skills such as END 1
learning tenses and subject-verb agreement. Radio host: Global population growth has accelerated
3 What surprised the doctors was the patient’s quick in the past 100 years – from 1.6 billion in 1900 to
recovery. 7.7 billion today. The biggest spike occurred between
4 Once the company makes online meetings the 1950 and 1987 when the population doubled – from
norm, collaboration between international offices 2.5 to 5 billion. With me today is urban historian Martin
will become easier. / Once the company made Fitzgibbon. Martin, the population explosion must’ve
online meetings the norm, collaboration between had a huge impact on cities …
international offices became easier. Martin: It’s remarkable, isn’t it? Urbanization is a relatively
5 Having toured the hospital with the new medical recent phenomenon in human history. Today, there
students, Jason knew he wanted to work there. are many more people living in cities than in the past.
6 The requirements for the job have changed enough Megacities are mushrooming, especially in Africa
that more applicants can now apply. and Asia. According to a World Bank report, these
7 They have updated the majority of the computers in continents will face unprecedented urban growth in the
the office. near future. Indeed, in Sub-Saharan Africa, major cities
4 1 Make no mistake 2 outrage 3 relies on are expected to increase their population by more than
4 irrational 5 get something across 400 million people.
6 falls squarely upon Radio host: But in the UK many people left cities after
World War II, didn’t they?
Martin: That’s not entirely true. People did leave inner
END-OF-LEVEL SPEAKING TEST cities in fairly large numbers, but mostly to areas
MODEL LANGUAGE just outside the cities; in other words, the suburbs.
This movement, also referred to as urban sprawl, can
Referring to common knowledge
be attributed to several factors: housing costs were
Everyone knows that …
cheaper than in the city, so people could afford to buy
Most people think that …
larger homes while having the disposable income to
It’s common knowledge that …
spend on things like travel and new cars. And there was
There is no doubt that …
a sense that suburbia was a safer environment to raise
There is no question that …
a family.

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS
Radio host: So, on the one hand, people were happier, LISTENING 2
but there was a downside, wasn’t there …
END 2
Martin: On a government level, there was a massive
increase in expenditure related to infrastructure – that TV anchor: Today, I’m talking with Sasha Miyagi, who
is, constructing transportation systems to connect the was a reporter at The Times for 11 years and is currently
suburbs to the city. Who paid for this? British taxpayers, a freelance writer. Having experienced both worlds has
of course. There were fewer services and facilities such given her a special insight into today’s topic – the gig
as schools, post offices, libraries and supermarkets than economy. Sasha, give our viewers an overview … First,
in the city centre, so people could no longer walk to what’s a gig?
these places – they had to drive. More cars meant Sasha: Gig is a very old word which can be traced back
more air pollution and appalling smog in cities, leading to the 13th century. It’s had radically different meanings
to an increase in allergies and respiratory illnesses. over the centuries. It’s been used to describe a foolish
Early suburbs were also lacking in cultural activities person, a spinning wheel, even a one-horse carriage
and opportunities to socialize. So suburban life was a and small boat! The modern application of the word
trade-off for many people. originated in the 1920s, when jazz musicians used gig
Radio host: Are you saying that people were better off to describe a musical engagement. Now, the buzzword
living in the city? refers to any temporary job or limited employment
arrangement. Companies are increasingly hiring people
Martin: Not necessarily. As suburbia blossomed across
for specific tasks rather than permanent employment.
the country, inner cities deteriorated. Quality of life
became a major issue. The 1970s was the dawn of a TV anchor: Let’s talk about how common the practice is.
series of economic crises. Incidents of crime went Isn’t it more difficult managing freelance workers than
through the roof; budget cuts to government services in-house employees?
threatened public safety. There were fewer police on Sasha: Not necessarily. Many companies have insufficient
the street. City centres could be such daunting places staff to work on a project, so obviously they hire extra
that people didn’t want to visit let alone live there. people and let them go once the project is completed.
People had legitimate reasons to feel insecure and It’s cheaper and gives the company the upper hand –
reluctant to leave their homes. It was a vicious circle – they decide how to structure their workforce. Hiring
criminal activity increased so much that residents freelance workers means they’re not compelled to
abandoned the city for the suburbs. There were so provide workspaces, computers, training … there’s no
many empty apartment buildings, boarded-up shop severance pay or retirement benefits. Or, like Uber and
fronts, bankrupt retailers, piles of rubbish dumped in Amazon, they maintain a pool of workers who manage
the street, landlords not maintaining their properties, their own hours.
and so on, that more and more people left. TV anchor: How do freelance workers generally feel
Radio host: When did things begin to turn around? about this scenario?
Martin: In the 1990s, the economy improved. And I Sasha: It can be stressful for freelance workers.
think people got fed up feeling like they were living in Researchers from University College London found
a combat zone. Let’s be honest; there was a backlash, that 42 percent of drivers who picked up work through
a general perception that government had shirked apps had damaged their vehicles whilst driving. Dealing
its responsibilities. It was frustrating. Eventually, law with job insecurity, taxation and insurance issues, unfair
enforcement began targeting criminals by charging them compensation or no payment at all if the company is a
for even minor offences. As a result, violent crime fell by start-up which fails – that’s the downside.
70 percent, according to several statistical analyses I’ve TV anchor: In other words, the safety net for workers is
studied. disappearing. That’s deplorable! Don’t companies have
Radio host: How did this affect city life? compassion for people anymore? Are you saying they’re
Martin: It had a huge impact. Because historic districts all following this shameful trend?
are often situated in city centre areas, organizations such Sasha: You must see that sometimes it’s completely
as the National Trust and the Landmarks Preservation unavoidable. Companies have to keep costs down
Commission stepped in to protect important buildings and may not be able to hire full-time staff. They may
from demolition. The National Trust took ownership not have a steady flow of work to keep employees
of several significant sites. After all, the city centre has occupied. What we also find is that freelance workers
the highest concentration of historic buildings – it’s the might not wish to stay on once they’ve completed a
beating heart of a city. It provides people with a unique task. You see this with highly competent people. Even
sense of place and community. And it attracts tourism, if they were offered a full-time position, they wouldn’t
which boosts the economy. be interested – they’d much rather have a more exciting
work life. They prefer finite tasks and are happy to move
on. So, many freelance workers choose this lifestyle.
TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable
TV anchor: As I mentioned in my introduction, you’ve
had to navigate both worlds. Which do you prefer?
Sasha: When I started out 25 years ago the gig economy
didn’t exist. What I suggest to young people is to start
their careers in an organization. Get exposure to a range
of people and tap into their knowledge and experience.
Build a foundation – it will serve you well when you’re
confronted with challenges. Working intensively
in a team, understanding organization dynamics,
collaborating, these are all worthy goals when starting a
career.
TV anchor: But, which world do you prefer?
Sasha: Nowadays, I’d much rather not be tied down to
one job or one company. Being one’s own boss has
distinct advantages.
TV anchor: It seems like the gig economy is more
appealing to the millennial workforce. Could you
elaborate on that?
Sasha: Without a doubt, the younger generation – unlike
their parents or grandparents – don’t believe in the
concept of a job-for-life; they don’t want to rely on
one employer for their livelihood. Having said that,
becoming a freelance worker straight out of university
is often not a viable option. Young people simply
don’t know enough. How can they with such minimal
experience? They’re just starting out.
TV anchor: I agree with that. We’ll be back after this
short break …

Unlock Listening, Speaking & Critical Thinking 5 © Cambridge University Press 2019 Photocopiable TESTS ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS