# Uptil now, you learned how to make a simple list, and you learned to
work with the individual elements in a list.
# you’ll learn how to loop through an entire list using just a few
lines of code, regardless of how long the list is.
# Looping allows you to take the same action, or set of actions, with
every item in a list.
#As a result, you’ll be able to work efficiently with lists of any
length, including those with thousands or even
# millions of items.
######Looping Through an Entire List######
# You’ll often want to run through all entries in a list, performing
the same task with each item.
# For example, in a game you might want to move every element on the
screen by the same amount.
# In a list of numbers, you might want to perform the same
statistical operation on every element.
# Or perhaps you’ll want to display each headline from a list of
articles on a website.
#When you want to do the same action with every item in a list, you
can use Python’s for loop.
#Let’s use a for loop to print out each name in a list of magicians:
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
print(magician)
alice
david
carolina
#Looping is important because it’s one of the most common ways a
computer automates repetitive tasks.
#If you have a million items in your list, Python repeats these steps
a million times
#However, it’s helpful to choose a meaningful name that represents a
single item from the list.
#examples such as:
#for cat in cats:
#for dog in dogs:
#for item in list_of_items:
###########Doing More Work Within a for Loop############
#Let’s build on the previous example by printing a message to each
magician,
# telling them that they performed a great trick
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
print(f"{magician.title()}, that was a great trick!")
Alice, that was a great trick!
David, that was a great trick!
Carolina, that was a great trick!
###Let’s add a second line to our message, telling each magician that
we’re looking forward to their next trick:
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
print(f"{magician.title()}, that was a great trick!")
print (f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")
Alice, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Alice.
David, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,David.
Carolina, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Carolina.
###Doing Something After a for Loop####
#What happens once a loop has finished executing? for Usually, you’ll
want to summarize a
# block of output or move on to other work that your program must
accomplish.
#Let’s write a thank you to the group of magicians as a whole,
thanking them for putting on
# an excellent show. To display this group message after all of the
individual messages
# have been printed, we place the thank you message after the for
loop,
# without indentation:
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
print(f"{magician.title()}, that was a great trick!")
print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")
print("Thank you, everyone. That was a great magic show!")
Alice, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Alice.
David, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,David.
Carolina, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick,Carolina.
Thank you, everyone. That was a great magic show!
###Indentational Errors####
##Forgetting to Indent
#Error 1
#magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
#for magician in magicians:
#print(magician)
# Error 2: Forgetting to Indent Additional Lines
#This is a logical error. The syntax is valid Python code, but the
code does not
# produce the desired result because a problem occurs in its logic.
# Sometimes your loop will run without any errors but won’t
#produce the expected result. This can happen when you’re
#trying to do several tasks in a loop and you forget to indent
# some of its lines.
#magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
#for magician in magicians:
#print(f"{magician.title()}, that was a great trick!")
#print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick,{magician.title()}.\n")
#Error 3: Indenting Unnecessarily
#If you accidentally indent a line that doesn’t need to be indented,
# Python informs you about the unexpected indent
#message = "Hello Faculty members!"
#print(message)
#Error 4: Indenting Unnecessarily After the Loop
Cell In[10], line 21
print(message)
^
IndentationError: unexpected indent
# Another logical Error
for magician in magicians:
print(f"{magician.title()}, that was a great trick!")
print(f"I can't wait to see your next trick, {magician.title()}.\n")
#print("Thank you everyone, that was a great magic show!")
Alice, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick, Alice.
Thank you everyone, that was a great magic show!
David, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick, David.
Thank you everyone, that was a great magic show!
Carolina, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick, Carolina.
Thank you everyone, that was a great magic show!
###Error 5: Forgetting the colons
#The colon at the end of a for statement tells Python to interpret the
next line as the start of a loop.
#magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
#for magician in magicians
#print(magician)
####EXERCISE PIZZA####
# List of favorite pizzas
favorite_pizzas = ["Chicken Tikka", "Pepperoni", "BBQ Chicken"]
# For loop to print a sentence for each pizza
for pizza in favorite_pizzas:
print(f"I like {pizza} pizza.")
I like Chicken Tikka pizza.
I like Pepperoni pizza.
I like BBQ Chicken pizza.
# Final statement outside the loop
print("\nI really love pizza!")
I really love pizza!
####EXERCISE Animals
# List of animals with a common characteristic
animals = ["Dog", "Cat", "Rabbit"]
# For loop to print a statement for each animal
for animal in animals:
print(f"A {animal.lower()} would make a great pet.")
# Final statement outside the loop
print("\nAny of these animals would make a great pet!")
A dog would make a great pet.
A cat would make a great pet.
A rabbit would make a great pet.
Any of these animals would make a great pet!
###Making Numerical Lists####
#Many reasons exist to store a set of numbers. For example, you’ll
need to keep track of
# the positions of each character in a game, and you might want to
keep track of a player’s high scores as well.
##In data visualizations, you’ll almost always work with sets of
numbers, such as temperatures, distances,
##population sizes, or latitude and longitude values, among other
types of numerical sets.
#Lists are ideal for storing sets of numbers, and Python provides a
variety of tools to help
# # you work efficiently with lists of numbers.
############Using the range() Function#############
#Python’s range() function makes it easy to generate a series of
numbers.
# For example, you can use the range() function to print a series of
numbers.
for value in range(1, 5):
print(value)
1
2
3
4
# it will read from First number to second number assigned in small
brackets
for value in range(1,6):
print(value)
1
2
3
4
5
##Now lets make the list of numbers
# We can use list() to convert that same set of numbers into a list
numbers = list(range(1, 6)) # List () function is applied over here.
# to covert the number to the list.
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
#We can also use the function to tell Python to skip range() numbers
in a given range.
# If you pass a third argument to range(), Python uses that value as a
step size
# when generating numbers.
##For example, here’s how to list the even numbers between 1 and 15
even_numbers = list(range(2, 15, 2))
print(even_numbers)
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14]
#For example, consider how you might make a list of the first 10
square numbers
# (that is, the square of each integer from 1 through 10).
# In Python, two asterisks (**) represent exponents.
# Here’s how you might put the first 10 square numbers into a list
squares = [] # empty list with the name "squares"
for value in range(1, 11): #We tell python to loop for each value from
1 to 10
square = value ** 2 # inside the loop, the current value is raised
to second power and assigned to variable square
squares.append(square) # Each new value of square is then appended to
the list squares
print(squares) #Finally, when the loop has finished running, the list
of squares is printed.
#To write this code more concisely, omit the temporary variable square
and append
# each new value directly to the list.
squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
squares.append(value**2)
print(squares) # The result will be same, but there is no temporary
variable over here such as "square"
#########Simple Statistics with a List of Numbers#########
digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
min(digits)
max(digits)
sum(digits)
#NOTE: The examples in this section use short lists of numbers
#that fit easily on the page. They would work just as well
#if your list contained a million or more numbers.
##List Comprehensions
#Making the list of two to three line of codes
#The approach described earlier for generating the list squares
consisted of
# using three or four lines of code.
#A list comprehension allows you to generate this same list in just
one line of code.
#A list comprehension combines the loop and for the creation of new
elements into one line,
# and automatically appends each new element.
# List comprehensions are not always presented to beginners.
squares = [value**2 for value in range(1, 11)] #descriptive name of
variable=square bracket start followed by expression that is value**2,
for loop with no colons
print(squares)
##EXERCISE 1
#Counting to Twenty: Use a for loop to print the numbers from 1 to 20,
inclusive.
# For loop to print numbers from 1 to 20
for number in range(1, 21):
print(number)
# EXERCISE 2
# One Million: Make a list of the numbers from one to one million,
and then use a for
# loop to print the numbers. (If the output is taking too long, stop
it by pressing
# CTRL-C or by closing the output window.)
# List of numbers from 1 to 1 million
#numbers = list(range(1, 1000001))
# For loop to print each number
#for number in numbers:
#print(number)
#EXERCISE 3 Make a list of the numbers from one to one million, and
# then use min() and max() to make sure your list actually starts at
one and
# ends at one million. Also, use the sum() function to see how quickly
# Python can add a million numbers.
# List of numbers from 1 to 1 million
numbers = list(range(1, 1000001))
# Check the minimum and maximum values
print(f"The minimum number in the list is: {min(numbers)}")
print(f"The maximum number in the list is: {max(numbers)}")
# Calculate the sum of all numbers in the list
total_sum = sum(numbers)
print(f"The sum of all numbers from 1 to 1 million is: {total_sum}")
The minimum number in the list is: 1
The maximum number in the list is: 1000000
The sum of all numbers from 1 to 1 million is: 500000500000
# EXERCISE 4: Odd Numbers: Use the third argument of the range()
function to make a list of
# the odd numbers from 1 to 20. Use a for loop to print each number
# List of odd numbers from 1 to 20
odd_numbers = list(range(1, 21, 2))
# For loop to print each odd number
for number in odd_numbers:
print(number)
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
# EXERCISE 5: Threes: Make a list of the multiples of 3, from 3 to 30.
Use a for loop to print the
# numbers in your list.
# List of multiples of 3 from 3 to 30
multiples_of_three = list(range(3, 31, 3))
# For loop to print each multiple of 3
for number in multiples_of_three:
print(number)
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
# EXERCISE 6:
# Cubes: A number raised to the third power is called a cube. For
example, the cube of 2
# is written as 2**3 in Python. Make a list of the first 10 cubes
# (that is, the cube of each integer from 1 through 10), and use a for
loop to print out
# the value of each cube.
# List of the first 10 cubes
cubes = [number**3 for number in range(1, 11)]
# For loop to print each cube
for cube in cubes:
print(cube)
1
8
27
64
125
216
343
512
729
1000
# EXERCISE 7: Cube Comprehension: Use a list comprehension to generate
a list
# of the first 10 cubes.
# List of the first 10 cubes using list comprehension
cubes = [number**3 for number in range(1, 11)]
# Print the list of cubes
print(cubes)
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]
