GEOGRAPHY PP1, SERIES 1, K.C.S.

E
EXAMINERS’ FORECAST 10 QUESTION PAPERS

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K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 1
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours
SECTION A
1.(a) Differentiate between vent eruption and fissure eruption (2mks)
(b) Name three intrusive volcanic features (3mks)
2.(a) What is a longitude? (2mks)
(b) What is the longitude of station X when it is 8.00am while in Nairobi at longitude?
37oE the time is 12.00 noon? (3mks)
3.(a) State three causes of earth movements (3mks)
(b) Name two main earthquake zones in the world (2mks)
4. (a) State three conditions necessary for the development of a Karst scenery (3mks)
(b) Give two reasons why there are a few settlements in Karst landscape (2mks)
5.(a)Name three types of coral reefs (3mks)
(b) What are the benefits of coral reefs in the areas they have developed? (2mks)
SECTION B
6. Study the map of Karatina sheet 121/3, scale 1:50,000 provided and answer the following
questions
(a)(i) What was the magnetic declination of the map as at January 1992? (1mk)
(ii) Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mapped area. (2mks)
(b)(i) Apart from contours, name one other method used to show relief in the mapped area (1mk)
(ii) Calculate the area of Mt. Kenya forest reserve within Kirinyaga District shown in the
map. Give your answer in square kilometers (2mks)
(c)(i) Apart from the houses, name two human made features in grid square 8755 (2mks)
(ii) Assume that four people live in each house in the grid square 8755, calculate

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 population density (2mks)
(d) Describe the flow of river Sagana (3mks)
(e)(i) Using evidence from the map, identify two farming activities taking place in the
mapped area (2mks)
(ii) Explain three factors which have influenced any one of the farming activities identified
in(e) (i) above (6mks)
(f) Briefly explain how the following factors have influenced the distribution of settlements
in the mapped area
(i) Forest Reserve (2mks)
(ii) Rivers (2mks)

7.(a)(i) Name two components of soil (2mks)

(ii) Give two ways in which soils are formed (2mks)
(b) Explain how the following factors influence soil formation
(i) Climate (4mks)
(ii) Relief (2mks)
(c) (i) Other than soil erosion, state two other ways in which soils may be degenerated (2mks)
(ii) Briefly explain two effects of soil erosion to human activities (4mks)
(d) Draw a well labeled diagram of the soil catena (3mks)
(e) Your class members intend to conduct a field study on an area under the effect of soil
erosion within their district
(i) Name two types of soil erosion they are likely to identify during the study (2mks)
(ii) State four soil conservation measures you are likely to recommend to the residents
of study area (4mks)
8.(a) (i) Differentiate between a drainage basin and watershed (2mks)
(ii) Identify two types of river erosion (2mks)
(b) Describe two processes through which a river transports its load (4mks)
(c)(i) Explain two causes of river rejuvenation (4mks)
(ii) Describe how an ox-bow lake is formed (5mks)
(d)(i) The diagram given shows a flood plain
J River K

Name the features marked J and K (2mks)

(ii) Explain three positive effects of floodplains to human activities (6mks)

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9.The diagram below shows the world distribution of climate types. Use it to answer questions
(a)(i) and (ii)

(a)(i) Name the climatic regions marked A,B and D (4mks)

(ii) State any four characteristics of the climate marked C (4mks)
(b)(i) Identify any three types of cold climates (3mks)
Equator
(ii) Briefly explain micro climate (2mks)
(c)(i) What is climate change? (2mks)
(ii) Study the table and use it to answer questions (a),(b) and (c)

Months Jan Feb March Apr May June Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Temperature (oC) 28 28 27 26 23 21 21 21 23 26 26 27
Rainfall 277 213 256 107 56 33 31 28 20 132 135 234

(a) Calculate the mean annual temperature for the station (2mks)
(b) What is the mean annual rainfall (2mks)
(c) State any one characteristics of the type of climate in the station (1mk)
(d) (i) Explain any two causes of global warming (4mks)
(ii) Name any one greenhouse gases (1mk)

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10.(a) The diagram below shows a glaciated upland area. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

(i) Name the features marked R,S and T (3mks)

(ii) Describe two distinctive characteristics of a fiord (2mks)
(b)With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how the following features are formed
(i)Cirque (6mks)
(ii) Hanging Valley (4mks)
(c) Explain two factors that may influence glacial erosion in uplands (4mks)
(d) Your class intends to carry out a field study on glaciated lowland
(i) Name one type of moraine you are likely to identify during the study (1mk)
(ii)Give two reasons why you would need the map of the area (2mks)
(iii) State three importance of glacial features you are likely to identify (3mks)

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K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 2

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.
1.(a)Name the (i) planet nearest to the sun (1mk)
(ii) Furthest from the sun (1mk)
(b)State three effects of the rotation of the earth (3mks)
2.(a) Name two types of compressional boundaries (2mks)
(b)Describe how a fold mountain is formed by geosyncline (4mks)
3. (a) Name two warm ocean currents (2mks)
(b) State three causes of horizontal movement of ocean water (3mk)
4.(a) What is a lapse rate? (2mks)
(b) Name one layer of the earth’s atmosphere which experiences
(i)A negative lapse rate. (1mk)
(ii) A zero lapse rate (1mk)
5. (a) Define solfatara (2mks)
(b) State three ways in which calderas can form (3mks)

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 SECTION B
6. Study the map of Karatina (Sheet 121/3) provided and answer the following questions.
(a) (i) Name two human features found in the grid square 8257 (2mks)
(ii)Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
(iii) Calculate the area enclosed by the district boundary and the Northing 53 to the east of
the area covered by the map. Give four answers in km2 (2mks)
(b) (i) What is the magnetic declination of the area by the time the map was drawn (2mks)
(ii) Name two types of scales shown on this map (2mks)
(c) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (6mks)
(d) Giving evidence, explain three human activities that take place in this area. (6mks)
(e) (i) Give the name of the district boundary in the area covered by the map. (1mk)
(ii) Identify one evidence for tourism as an activity in the area. (2mks)

7. (a) In aid of a well labeled diagrams describe the formation of the rift valley by tension.(7mks)
(b)The diagram below represents a feature formed by faulting. Use it to answer the question
that follow.

Great uplift

(i)Name the feature represented by the above diagram. (2mks)

(ii)Describe the formation of the above mentioned feature. (4mks)
(c)A part from rift valley name three other features that may form as a result of faulting. (3mks)
(d)Students of a school in Makindu district intent to carry out a field study on internal land
forming processes on the rift valley of Kenya.
(i)Name any three features formed on a result of vulcanicity that they are
likely to identify. (3mks)
(ii)State three ways that the students would prepare for the study. (3mks)
(iii)Give three problems that the students are likely to encounter during the study.
(3mks)

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8. Students from your school intend to carry out of field study on weathering on a nearby hill.
(a)(i)State three objectives of the study. (3mks)
(ii)Give three problems they are likely to face during the study. (3mks)
(b)(i)List any five mechanical weathering process. (5mks)
(ii)Identify and explain five factors influencing mass wasting. (10mks)
(c)Give any four effects of soil creep. (4mks)

9. The diagram below represent underground features in a limestone area .Use it to answer the
questions below.

(a) (i)Name the features marked D, E, F (3mks)

(ii)Describe how feature marked G is formed (6mks)
(b) (i)What is an artesian basin? (2mks)
(ii)Explain three factors which influence the formation of features in limestone areas(6mks)
(c)You intend to carry out a field study in an area eroded by water
(i)Give three reasons why you will need a working schedule (3mks)
(ii)Name two erosional features you are likely to identify during the field study. (2mks)
(iii) State three recommendations that you would make from your study to assist the local
community to rehabilitate the eroded area

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10.
(a) Differentiate between weather and climate. (2mks)
(b)State any five characteristics of the I.T.C.Z (5mks)
(c)(i)Describe any five characteristics of the equatorial climate (5mks)
(ii)Explain two reasons why the desert climate experiences extreme temperatures
throughout the year.
(d)Students from Mukameni mixed sec .school carried out a field study on a weather station
near their school.
(i) Name three instruments that they are likely to identify in a weather station. (3mks)
(ii)State two reasons why they need to seek permission before they set out for the study
(4mks)
(iii) Name any two methods that they used to collect data during the study. (2mks)

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DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 3

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours

SECTION A
1.(a)What is a line of longitude? (2mks)
(b)What is the local time at Alexandria 300 E if the local time at Malindi is 12noon? (2mks)
2.(a) Describe how humidity is measured. (4mks)
(b) Give two factors that influence relative humidity. (2mks)
3.(a)Give three reasons why geographers study the plate tectonics theory. (3mks)
(b)Name two types of tectonic plate boundaries. (2mks)
4.(a)The table below shows temperature readings at a weather stations for one week.

Temp./Day Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun

Max(0c) 28 27 28 26 29 29 26
0
Min ( c) 18 18 20 16 22 21 19
Calculate:
a. (i)The diurnal range of temperature for Thursday. (1mk)
(ii)The mean temperature for Monday. (1mk)
b. (i)Apart from water vapour, name two other substances that are suspended in the atmosphere.
(2mks)
(ii)Give two factors that are considered when classifying clouds. (2mks
(iii)Name two types of clouds that give rise to rainfall in the tropical regions. (2mks)
5. Name two conditions that lead to deposition of silt at the mouth of a river. (2mks)

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 SECTION B
6.Study the map of KARATINA (1:50000), sheet 121/3 provided and answer the following
questions
a.(i)Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
(ii)Calculate the area (in square kilometers) enclosed by the property boundary and the
district boundary to the south Eastern part of the area shown. (2mks)
b. (i)Name the vegetation type in grid square 0045. (1mk)
(ii)Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. Extract. (3mks)
c.(i)Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent a 100 metres draw a cross-section from grid
reference 830,500 upto 900,500 along northing 50. (4mks)
(ii)On the cross-section; mark and label
 River Rathithi (1mk)
 All weather road D451. (1mk)
 Dry weather Road E1710 (1mk)
(iii)Calculate the vertical exaggeration for the cross-section. (2mks)
d.Geography students from Ragati secondary school in grid square 9249 decided to carry out a
field study in the area around Karatina Township.
(i)Name two means of transport they are likely to have used to travel to Karatina
Township. (2mks)
(ii)State three social functions of Karatina Township that they identified. (4mks)
(iii)Identify the adjoining sheet and number to the south east of Karatina. (2mks)

7.
a(i) Apart from the Rift valley ,name two other relief features that were formed as a result of
faulting. (2mks)
(ii)With the aid of a well labeled diagram describe how a Rift valley is formed as a result of
tensional forces. (8mks)
b. Explain four effects of faulting on human activities. (8mks)
c.Geography students from Ngai secondary school are planning to carry out a field study on
area affected by faulting.
(i)State four reasons why it is important for the students to carry out a reconnaissance
study. (4mks)
(ii)Give three disadvantages of using direct observation as a method of data collection in
such an area. (3mks)

8.(a)Draw a well labeled diagram of the hydrological cyde. (5mks)

(b)Explain how a river erodes the following processes.
(i)Corrosion. (2mks)
(ii)Abrasion (2mks)

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 (c)Identify two methods of river transportation. (2mks)
(d)Using a well-labeled diagram explain how a waterfall may form over a fault scarp. (5mks)
(e)Identify two features on the flood-plain. (2mks)
(f)Explain how a river capture may occur. (3mks)
(g)You have been asked to carry out a field study on a river near your school. Identify four
types of evidence that may indicate that river capture has occurred along the river. (4mks)

9.Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the features marked; A, B, C and D (4mks)

b) Describe how each of the features identified in (a) above are formed (16mks)
c)Suppose you were to carry out a field study in glaciated areas.
(i)Identify two types of moraine that you would study. (2mks)
(ii)State three methods that you would use to collect data. (3mks)

10.
a)(i)State three sources of underground water. (3mks)
(ii)Explain two ways through which water infiltrates into the ground. (2mks)
(iii) Using a well-labeled diagram, explain the formation of an artesian basin. (4mks)
b).With the aid of a well –labeled diagram, explain how the action of water leads to the
formation of clints. (4mks)
c).You have been asked to carry out a field study on underground features in a karst
region/scenery.
(i)Refine a working schedule. (1mk)
(ii)What is the importance of preparing a working schedule in field study? (3mks)
(iii)Name three underground features you are likely to study. (3mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

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DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 4

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. (a) What is desertification? (2mks)
(b) State three human activities that lead to desertification. (3mks)

2. (a)Give three examples of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks. (3mks)

(b)State two changes that occur in sedimentary rocks when they are subjected to intense heat
and pressure (2mks)

3.(a)Why is ocean salinity higher in the tropical regions than at the equator . (2mks)
(b)Name three types of ocean tides. (3mks)

4.(a)When local time is 2.00 p.m. at longitude 600E.What is the longitude of a place whose local
time is 5.00 p.m. (3mks)
(b)Give two effects of the oval shape of the orbit of the earth. (2mks)

5.(a)Apart from river and wave deposition state three ways in which lakes may be formed.(3mks)
(b)Name two lakes in Kenya where formed through river deposition. (2mks)

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 SECTION B
6 Study the map of Karatina 1:50000 sheet 121/3 provided and answer the questions that follow.
(a) (i)Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extend of the area covered by the map. (2mks)
(ii)Name two methods used to represent relief on the map. (2mks)
(iii)Calculate the area enclosed by the forest boundary east of easting 97 and
west of easting 05. (2mks)
(b) (i)Draw a rectangle measuring 9 cm by 8 cm to represent the area enclosed by the
following grid references 9653, 0553, 9645 and 0545 (1mk)
(ii) On the rectangle mark and name the following.
 District boundary (1mk)
 Kamurdwana hill. (1mk)
 River Gakombaki (1mk)
 All weather bound surface road from Kianga to Kariko (1mk)
(c)Explain three factors influencing the distribution of population in the area covered by the
map. (6mks)
(d)Students of Kianga Secondary School carried out a field study of the area around their
school.
(i)Identify two ways in which they prepared for the study (2mks)
(ii)Using evidence from the map give three economic activities which they were
able to identify (6mks)

7. (a)(i) Give three sources of underground water. (3mks)

(ii) Identify three ways in which springs occur. (3mks)
(b)With the aid of a well labelled diagram show the three zones of underground water. (6mks)
(c)Explain how the following factors influence the existence of underground water.
(i)Precipitation (2mks)
(ii)Vegetation cover (2mks)
(d)(i) Name any three surface features of limestone areas. (3mks)
(ii) Describe how stalagmites are formed (3mks)
(e)State three significance of underground water to human activities (3mks)

8.(a)(i)What is an ice sheet? (2mks)

(ii) Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya. (2mks)
(iii) State three factors that influence the movement of ice from the place where it has
accumulated. (3mks)

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 (b) Describe the formation of the following features
(i) An Arete (4mks)
(ii)Hanging valley (5mks)
The diagram below shows types of moraines in a valley glacier.

Name the types of moraine marked a,b and c. (3mks)

(d) You have been asked to carry out a field study on land use on a glaciated lowland.
(i)State three preparations you would make for your field study. (3mks)
(ii)State three possible land uses you are likely to identify during the field study. (3mks)

9.
(a)(i)Define faulting . (1mk)
(ii)Identify three types of faults. (3mks)
(b)Apart from compressional forces, explain two other processes that may cause faulting.(4mks)
(c)With the aid of diagrams describe how compressional forces may have led to the formation
of the Great Rift Valley. (8mks)
(d)Apart from the rift valley name three other relief features that were formed by compressional
forces (3mks)
(e)Explain three significance of faulting to the physical and human environment. (6mks)

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10.Below is a map of Africa representing climatic regions .Use it to answer the questions that
follow.

(a) Identify the climatic regions marked a, b and c. (3mks)

(b) Outline the climatic characteristics of the regions marked:
(i) A (4mks)
(ii) C (4mks)
(c) Explain how the following factors influence climate
(i) Altitude (4mks)
(ii) Distance from the sea (4mks)
(d)
(i) Describe a suitable site where you would locate a weather station. (2mks)
(ii) Give reasons why a Stevenson’s screen is:
- Painted white (2mks)
- Has louvers (2mks)

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DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 5

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours

SECTION A
1. (a) Define the solar system (1mk)
(b) Give four proofs that show that the earth is spherical (4mks)
2.(a) What do you understand by
(i) Micro-climate (2mks)
(ii) Green house effect (2mks)
(b) Name one instrument found in a Stevenson screen (1mk)
3.(a) State two cause of coastal submergence (2mks)
(b) Name three conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps (3mks)
4.(a) Identify the types of faults shown by the diagrams below (2mks)

Figure A

Figure B

(b) State three negative effects of faulting (3mks)

5. (a) Name an three glacial erosion features found in the highlands (3mks)
(b) State two factors that influence the rate of glacial erosion (2mks)

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 SECTION B(75marks)
6.Study the map of Karatina (1:50000) sheet 121/3 provided and answer the following questions.

(a) (i) Convert the RF of the map into a statement scale (1mk)
(ii) Calculate the bearing of the church at Hiriga grid square 8457 from the cattle dip
at Kaburuini grid square 8756 (2mks)
(iii) Calculate the area of Karatina town. Give your answer in square kilometers (2mks)
(iv) Name the two districts covered by the map (2mks)

(b)The rectangle below represents that area in the map extract bounded by easting 85 and 92
and northing 45 and 51

(i) Identify the features marked A,B,C and D (4mks)

(c) Citing evidence from the map, give three economic activities carried out in the area
covered by the map
(d) Apart from forests, name three types of natural vegetation found to the East of
Easting 94 (3mks)
(e) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map (5mks)

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7.(a) (i) What is climate change? (1mk)
(ii) State four consequences of climate change (4mks)
(b) Name two physical factors influencing vegetation distribution in Kenya (2mks)
(c) Study the sketch map below showing some vegetation zones of world. Use it to answer the
questions (c)(i)(ii) and (iii)

(i) Name the vegetation zones marked A,B,C and D (4mks)

(ii) Explain four ways in which vegetation marked A have adapted to their environment (8mks)

8.(a) (i) What is a river divide? (1mk)

(ii) Describe three ways by which a river transports its load (6mks)
(b) Give the characteristics of a river in its old stage (7mks)
(c) Describe the following drainage patterns/systems
(i) Superimposed (3mks)
(ii) Centripetal (2mks)
(d) You have planned to carry out a study of a river in its youthful stage
(i) Give any two preparations for your study (2mks)
(ii) Name two features you are likely to study (2mks)
(iii) State two problems you are likely to experience during their study (2mks)

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9.(a)(i) Apart from the thermal metamorphism, name two other types of metamorphism (2mks)
(ii) Describe how the following types of rocks form
(a) Calcereous rocks (3mks)
(b) Carbonaceous rocks (3mks)
(iii) Name three examples of rocks that are dominant at the coast of Kenya (3mks)
(b) Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed through the following processes;
(i) Mechanical process (4mks)
(ii) Chemical process (4mks)
(c) Ingolomosio Secondary school intends to carry out a field study on rocks in Mt. Longonot
(i) State three activities they would be involve in (3mks)
(ii) State three objectives of your study (2mks)

10.(a) Differentiate between a well and a spring (2mks)

(b) With the aid of a well labeled diagram, show the three zones of ground water (6mks)
(c) List four conditions necessary for the formation of an Artesia well (4mks)
(d) Explain three ways in which ground water is of significance to human activities (6mks)
(e) (i) Define the term Karst scenery (2mks)
(ii) Give two conditions for the development of Karst landscape (2mks)
(iii) Outline the significance of Karst landscape to human activities (3mks)

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SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 6

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours
SECTION A: 25 MKS
Answer all questions in this section
1.(a) Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the earth (2mks)
(b) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
N Dec 22nd

0o
S
Date A
Date B
N N

0o
S 0o S

0o
S
June 21st
Identify
(i) The season marked X (1mk)
(ii) The date marked by A (1mk)
(c) State one characteristic of the summer solistice (1mk)

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2.The diagram below shows same types of folds. Use it to answer question (a)
E F
Anticline G Fault

Syncline

Increasing stress

(a)Name the type of folds marked E,F and G (3mks)

(b) State two causes of folding (2mks)

3.(a) State three ways in which wind transports its load (3mks)
(b) Identify two features produced by water in arid areas (3mks)

4.(a) Describe how Lake Victoria was formed (3mks)

(b) State the economic importance of lake Naivasha (2mks)

5. The diagram below represents underground features in a limestone area. Use it to answer
question (a)

X
Y
Cavern V

(a) Name the features marked X and Y (2mks)

(b) Describe how the feature marked V is formed (3mks)

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 SECTION B
Answer question 6 and Any other two questions from this section
6.(a)(i) Identify two physical features found in grid square 0450 (2mks)
(ii) What is the position of Airport principal point +13A/97 5047 in grid square 9354
using latitudes and longitudes (2mks)
(iii) Measure the length of the all weather road loose surface E1706 from the junction at
the market grid square 867576. Give your answer in metres (2mks)
(b)(i) Draw a cross section along Northing 51 between Eastings 82 and 88 . Use a scale 1cm rep
50ft. On the section mark and name
River Sagana
Loose surface road
Hill
River Rathithi (7mks)
(ii) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the section (2mks)
(c) Citing evidence from the map, state four economic activities of the area covered by the map
(4mks)
(d) Explain how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement in the area covered
by the Map (4mks)

7.(a) State three characteristics of Inter-Tropical convergence zone (3mks)

(b) Describe the characteristics of Equitorial climate (6mks)
(c)(i) State three different ways by which air condences to form rainfall may be made to rise
(3mks)
(ii) With the aid of a well –labelled diagram, describe how relief rainfall is formed (6mks)
(d) Form 4 students of Rabwao secondary school is planning to conduct a field study in a
weather station near their school.
(i) State three ways in which they will prepare for the study (3mks)
(ii) Describe how they would use a rain gauge to collect their data (4mks)

8. (a) What is the different between mass wasting and weathering (2mks)
(b) (i) Apart from soil creep, name two other processes of slow mass movement (2mks)
(ii) Explain three causes of soil creep (6mks)
(iii) Explain three physical conditions that influence landslides (3mks)
(c) Describe the following processes of mass wasting
(i) Rock fall (2mks)
(ii) Subsidence (2mks)
(iii) Mud flows (2mks)

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 (d) Explain the effect of weathering in the following
(i) Tourism (2mks)
(ii) Agriculture (2mks)
(iii) Pottery (2mks)

9. (a) (i) What are tides? (2mks)

(ii) Give four causes of ocean currents (4mks)
(b) State four factors that influence the development of coasts (4mks)
(c) The diagram below represents some coastal features. Use it to answer the questions below
P

LAND

SEA R

(i) Name the features marked Q and R (2mks)

(ii) Describe how the feature marked P is formed (5mks)
(d) Explain four ways in which coastal landforms is significant to the economy of Kenya (8mks)

10.(a) (i) What is a glacier? (2mks)

(ii) Name two mountains in E. Africa where glaciers are found (2mks)
(b) (i) Describe plucking as a process in glacial erosion (4mks)
(ii) State three factors that influence glacial erosion (3mks)
(c) Describe how the following features are formed
(i) Pyramidal peak (4mks)
(ii) Hanging valley (4mks)
(d) Explain three negative effects of glaciations (6mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 7

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours

SECTION A
1. a) Give three examples of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks. (3mks)
b) State two changes that occur in sedimentary rocks when they are subjected to intense heat
and pressure. (2mks)
2. The diagram below represents the earth on its axis. Use it to answer question (a)

(a) (i) Name the latitude marked G (1mk)

(ii) What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis from it orbit? (1mk)
(b) State three ways that make the earth as a planet different from other planets (3mks)
3.(a) Name three external land forming processes that leads to the formation of lakes (3mks)
(b) State three ways in which lakes influence the natural environment (3mks)

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4. The diagram below represents the flow of air current. Use them to answer question

(a) In your answer booklet, name the air current marked E and F (2mks)
(b) Give the reason why air cools as it rises (2mks)

5. The diagram below represents a coastal landform

Y Land
Lan
d

Sea

(a) Name the features marked X and Y (2mks)

(b) State three conditions necessary for the formation of a sand spit. (3mks)

SECTIONS B
6. Study the map of Karatina 1:50,000 (sheet 121/3) provided and answer the following
questions.
(a)(i) Give two methods used to show relief on the map (2mks)
(ii) Give the names of the adjoining map sheets 120/4 and 135/2 (2mks)
(iii) Convert the map scale into a statement scale. (1mk)
(iv) State the height of the highest point on the area covered by the map. (2mks)
(v) Calculate the area of the forest in Kirinyaga District
(give your answer in square kilometers) (2mks)

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 (b) (i) Name two human features found in grid square 8052 (1mk)
(ii) Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 12 cm to represent the area enclosed by
Easting’s 97 to 05 and Northings 45 to 51 (1mk)
 On the rectangle mark and name the following features:
 The tree swamp (1mk)
 The district boundary (1mk)
 All weather road ( bound surface) to Kirinyaga (1mk)
(c) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map (4mks)
(d) Citing evidence from the map, explain three factors that influence the distribution of
settlements in the area covered by the map. (6mks)

7.(a)(i) A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as a result
of faulting. (2mks)
(ii) With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe how a rift Valley is formed by tensional
forces. (8mks)
(b) Explain four effects of faulting (8mks)
(c) Students are planning to carry out a field study of an area affected by faluting.
(i) State four reasons why it is important for the students to have a pre-visit of the
area (4mks)
(ii) One of the ways they would use to collect data is through direct observation.
Give three disadvantages of direct observation in the study of such an area.
(3mks)
8.(a)(i) What is glaciations? (1mk)
(ii) Give three differences between glacial trough and river valley (3mks)
(b) (i) State two ice ages (4mks)
(ii) Describe two ways in which ice moves (4mks)
(c) (i) State two characteristics of a pyramid peak (2mks)
(ii) Name three types of Maraines (3mks)
(d) With a well labeled diagrams, describe the processes involved in the formation of
a corrie lake. (6mks)
(e) Outline four ways in which glaciated landscape is of negative significance to human
activities. (4mks)

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9.(a) Describe how a river erodes its channels by the following process.
(i) Hydraulic action (2mks)
(ii) Abrasion (2mks)
(b) (i) Explain three factors that lead to rejuvenation of a river (6mks)
(ii) Describe the process of a river capture. (6mks)
(c) Some students carried out a field study on the feature found a long a river.
(i) List three features formed as a result of river erosion. (3mks)
(ii) State three methods that students may have used to record their data (2mks)
(iii) Explain two ways in which features resulting from river deposition are of significance to
human activities. (4mks)

10.(a)(i) Differentiate between weathering and denudation (2mks)

(ii) State three factors that influence the rate at which weathering occur. (3mks)
(b) Explain how the following processes of weathering occur in arid areas.
 Crystal growth (2mks)
 Expoliation (2mks)
 Block disintegration (2mks)
 Granular disintegration (2mks)
(c) (i) A part from soil creep, name three other types of slow –mass wasting (3mks)
(ii) State three causes of soil creep (3mks)
(d) Students from a school in Rachuonyo South sub county carried out a field study on land
slides.
(i) Identify two ways they must have prepared for the filed study. (2mks)
(ii) Name two types of rapid mass movement they could have identified. (2mks)
(iii) State two effects of rapid- mass wasting they came across. (2mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 8

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
SECTION A
1.(a)Give the two dates in an year when the number of hours of day light and darkness
are equal in both the north pole and south pole. (2mks)
(b)State three effects of the rotation of the earth. (3mks)
2.(a)The diagram below shows the hydrological cycle. Name the stages marked A,B and C
in the cycle. (3mks)

(b) Differentiate between a water shed and a catchment area. (2mks)

3.(a)What is ‘natural vegetation’ (2mks)
(b)State four characteristics of Mediterranean type of vegetation. (4mks)
4. (a) Name two scales used to measure intensity of an earth quake (2mks)
(b) Give three causes of earth quakes. (3mks)
(c) Name one type of seismic wave. (1mk)
5.(a) State two causes of submergence coasts (2mks)
(b) State one characteristics of faulted Lakes (1mk)

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 SECTION B
6. Study the map of Homabay (1:50,000) sheet 129/2 provided and answer question that follow.
(a) (i)Name the country in which the area represented by the map is found. (1mk)
(ii)Convert the representative Fractian (R.F) scale of the map to statement scale. (2mks)
(iii) Calculate the bearing of point X from Y . (2mks)
(b) (i)Calculate the area of Olambwe Valley National reserve.
(ii)Identify any three types of natural vegetation found in the west of the Easting 50
covered by the map. (3mks)
(c) (i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 500 feets, draw a across – section along
the line Y-X. (5mks)
(ii) On the cross – section. Mark and label the following,
-River Petokiri (1mk)
-Sugulu hill (1mk)
-Dry weather road (1mk)
-Papyrus swamp (1mk)
(d) Students of the school at Rabuur in grid square 6342 carried out a field study on
industrialization in Homabay town.
(i) Give any two objectives for their study (2mks)
(ii) Name any two agricultural based manufacturing firms (enterprises) they would have
identified for their study. (2mks)
(iii) A part from manufacturing (processing),state any other two economic activities they
would have identified .Cite evidence (3mks)

7. (a) (i)Differentiate between soil profile and soil catena (2mks)

(ii)Draw a well labeled diagram of soil catena (5mks)
(b) (i)State three factors that influence soil formation (3mks)
(ii)Identify any two components of soil (2mks)
(c) Explain any four farming methods that help conserve soils (8mks)
(d) Students from Mobamba secondary school intend to carry out a field study on soils
around their schools.
(i) State three reasons why they would need a route map (3mks)
(ii) Name two tools they will need to carry for use during their field study (2mks)

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8.(a)(i) Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting (2mks)
(ii)State three main agents of weathering (3mks)
(b) Explain three effects of soil creep on the earth’s surface (6mks)
(c) Describe the following chemical weathering processes
(i) Hydration (3mks)
(ii) Oxidation (3mks)
(iii) Carbonation (3mks)
(d) Students from Vihiga high school carried field study on weathering around their school.
(i)Give three reason why they carried out a reconnaissance survey (3mks)
(ii) State two methods they used to record the data collected during field study. (2mks)

9. The diagram below represent underground features in a limestone area. Use it to answer
question (a) below.

(a) (i) Name the features marked D,E and F (3mks)

(ii) Describe how feature marked G is formed (6mks)
(b) (i) What is an artesian basin? (2mks)
(ii) Explain three factors which influence the formation of features in limestone areas.
(6mks)
(c) You intend to carry out a field study in an area eroded by water.
(i) Give three reasons why you will need a working schedule. (3mks)
(ii) Name two erosional features you are likely to identify during the field study. (2mks)
(iii) State three recommendations that you would make from your study to assist the
local community to rehabilitate the eroded area. (3mks)

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10.(a)(i)What is an ice-sheet? (2mks)
(ii)Give two reasons why there are no ice-sheet in Kenya (2mks)
(iii) Explain three factors that influence movement of ice from where it has accumulated.
(6mks)
(b) Describe how an area is formed (4mks)
(c) The diagram below shows types of moraines in a glacial valley.

(i) Name the types of moraines marked S,T and V (3mks)

(ii) Explain four positive effects of glaciations in lowland areas. (8mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 9

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours
SECTION A
1. a) What is a planet? (2mks)
b) State three characteristics of planets. (3mks)
2. a) State two main features of the mantle. (2mks)
b) Give reasons why the crustal rocks are solid and cooler than those of the mantle. (4mks)
3. a) What is river rejuvenation? (2mks)
b) State four ways in which rivers erode. (4mks)
4. a) Name two mountains in East Africa that have glaciers. (2mks)
b) Give the differences between nunataks and pyramidal peaks. (2mks)
5. a) What is Biological weathering? (1mk)
b) Briefly explain how block disintegration occurs in physical weathering. (3mks)

SECTION B
6. Study the map of Nkubu sheet 122/1 and answer the questions that follow.
a) i) Name two human features found in grid square 4782. (2mks)
ii) State the latitude and longitude of the south east corner of the map. (2mks)
b) i) What is the bearing of the School near Kabiru (NW) from the church near Kathera. (2mks)
ii) What is the length of road D 475 South of Northing 90. (2mks)
c) i) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (5mks)
ii) Name three natural vegetations East of Easting 56. (3mks)
d) i) Draw across section from point X(560900) to point Y(570850) (6mks)
ii) Name three social services in the area covered by the map. (3mks)

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7. a) i) What is a rock? (1mk)
ii) Outline the common characteristics of minerals. (4mks)
b) Map of Kenya showing rock distribution.

i) Name the rocks marked x y &z. (3mks)

ii) Give reasons why the rocks marked x are common near Coast. (3mks)
c) i) What is rock metamorphism. (2mks)
ii) Explain three process of rock metamorphism. (6mks)
d) Explain the economic importance of rocks to people. (6mks)

8. a)i) What is a desert. (2mks)

ii) Name three desert surfaces common in hot desert. (3mks)
b i) Give three reasons why wind is an effective erosion agent in hot deserts. (3mks)
ii) Explain how the artesian well is formed in deserts. (6mks)
c) The diagram below shows different levels of underground water.

i) Name the parts labelled A,B, and C. (3mks)

ii) Explain FOUR ways in which under ground water influences human activities. (8mks)

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9. a)i) What is volcanicity. (2mks)
ii) State three characteristics of basic Lava. (3mks)
b) i) Using diagrams, explain how a volcanic plateau is formed. (5mks)
c) i) What is the economic significance of Batholiths to people. (4mks)
d) Students at Kibabii high school carried out a field study on the Granitic Tors around
their school.
i) Why did they prepare a hypothesis? (2mks)
ii) What preparation did they undertake with their geography teachers? (4mks)
iii) State three main problems they encountered in the field. (3mks)

10. The map of Africa, below shows main climatic regions labelled 1,3,4 5&6.

a) i) Name the climatic regions labelled 1 to 6. (5mks)

ii) State the characteristics of the climatic region labelled S. (5mks)
iii) Name the main factor that influences the climatic region labelled 6. (1mk)

b) Explain how vegetation has adopted in the climatic region labelled Sahara or Namib. (6mks)
c) i) Name three water Towers in Kenya. (3mks)
ii) What measures have been taken to conserve forests in Kenya. (5mks)

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NAME: ………………..……..………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL: ………………………………..……………………………………………………

INDEX NO: .…………..…..…….… CANDIDATE’S SIGNATURE: ….….……………...

DATE: …………………………..…….

K.C.S.E EXAMINERS’ FORECAST SERIES 1

QUESTION PAPER NO: 10

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours

SECTION A

1. (a) State two theories associated with the origin of the Earth and Solar system. (2mks)
(b) State three effects of the revolution of the Earth. (3mks)
2. (a)Give two components of soils. (2mks)
(b) The diagram below shows a simple soil profile. Name the horizontal A, B, C. (3mks)

3.(a)Give two ways through which minerals ores occur. (2mks)

(b)Explain two factors influencing the exploitation of minerals. (4mks)
4.(a)Give three processes by which the atmosphere is heated. (3mks)
(b)State two factors that influence the amount of insolation received by Earth. (2mks)
5.(a)Differentiate between Earthquakes and Earth tremors. (2mks)
(b)State two human causes of Earthquakes. (2mks)

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 SECTION B
6. (a) Study the map of Nkubu (1:50,000) sheet 1222/2 provided and answer the following
questions:
(i) Measure the length of Mitunguu-Meru all — weather (loose service) road in the
North — East corner of the map. Give your answer in KMs. (2mks)
(ii) Calculate the area of the forest to the West of Easting 40. Give your answer in
square KM. (2mks)
(iii) Give two man-made features found on Grid square 4186. (2mks)
(iv)Give six figure grid reference of a trigonometrical station (other) to the East of Rune
swamp. (2mks)
(b) Draw a rectangle measuring 12cm by 8cm to represent the area bounded by easting 54 and
60 and Northings 95 and 99.
On it show the following features
- a swamp
- River mariaria
- Quarry
- Meru-Mitunguu road (5mks)
(c) (i) Citing evidence from the map. Give three economic activities carried out in the
area covered by the map. (3mks)
(ii) Explain two factors which have influenced the distribution of settlement in the area
covered by the map. (4mks)
(d) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (5mks)

7.(a)(i) Define mass wasting (2mks)

(ii) Name three forms of slow mass wasting. (3mks)
(b) State two conditions which may influence occurrence of land slides. (2mks)
(c) Explain four factors which cause soil creep. (8mks)
(d)Explain five factors of mass wasting on physical and human environment. (10mks)

8.(a)(i) Define the term artesian basin. (2mks)

(ii) State four factors influencing the development of a Karst scenery (4mks)
(b)(i) Give four underground features in Karst scenery. (4mks)
(ii) Describe briefly how the following features in Karst scenery are formed:
- Polse (3mks)
- Doline (3mks)
(c) (i) Give three sources of ground water. (3mks)
(ii) Explain three significance of resultant features in limestone areas to human activities.
(6mks)

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9.(a)What is river capture? (2mks)
(b)(i) Give three types of meanders at the lower course of a river. (3mks)
(ii) State three factors influencing the rate of river erosion. (3mks)
(c)(i)Give three processes of river erosion. (3mks)
(ii) Describe four processes through which a river transport its load. (8mks)
(d)Explain three negative influence of rivers on human activities. (6mks)

10.(a)(i)Give two ways through which ice moves outwards from the area of accumulation.(2mks)
(ii) State three factors influencing Glacial erosion. (3mks)
(b) (i) The diagram below shows types of moraine carried by glacier.Name the parts
labeled W, X, Y. (3mks)

(ii) Describe two ways through which glacial erosion takes place. (4mks)
(c) Explain three positive significance of glaciations to human activities. (6mks)
(d) Students of Kusumek Sec. School are to carry out a field study on snow capped Mt. Kenya.
(i) State two ways in which the students would prepare themselves for the field study.
(2mks)
(ii) Give three methods they would use in recording the data collected. (3mks)
(iii) State three problems they are likely to face in the course of field study. (2mks)

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