GROUP 7:

• Swimming is a self-sustaining activity that

involves human or animal movement
through water without artificial
assistance.
• It serves various purposes such as
bathing, cooling, traveling, fishing,
escape, and sport.
• Swimming is an art of self-support,
requiring the use of arms and legs. It is
beneficial and recreational for many
species, with an individual's swimming
ability judging by speed or stamina.
• Swimming has been known since prehistoric
times the earliest recording of swimming dates
back to Stone Age paintings from around 7,000
years ago.
• 2000 BC: References to swimming can be
found in ancient texts such as Gilgamesh, the
Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Bible.
• 1896: Swimming was part of the first modern
Olympic Games in Athens.
• 1902: Richard Cavill introduced the front crawl
to the western world.
• 1902: The Federation International de Natation
(FINA) was formed.
1896 – Mediterranean Sea

1900 – The Seine River

1904 – An Artificial Lake

1908 – Mediterranean Sea

The first four competitions were held in open water

1904 Olympics – freestyle race was the only one ever measured in
100 yards

1908 Olympics – a 100-meter pool was built and sat in the center
of the main stadium’s track and field oval

1912 Olympics – marked the beginning of electronic timing.

1924 – Olympics – were the first to use the standard 50-meter

pool with marked lanes.
1936 – Olympics diving blocks were eventually incorporated.

1950s – flip turn was developed.

1976 – Goggles were first used.

The front crawl, also known as the
freestyle stroke, is the fastest and
most common stroke used in
freestyle swimming competitions.

The term "freestyle" is actually a

swimming competition category that
allows any stroke.
Face down: The face-down
position allows for more arm motion
in the water.
Above water recovery: Reduces
drag compared to the underwater
recovery of the breaststroke.
Alternating arms: Allows the body
to roll, making recovery easier.
The front crawl is characterized by alternating overhand
arm movements and a scissor kick with bent knees and heels
pulled up to the buttocks.
The stroke was originally called the “Trudgen Stroke” after
British swimmer John Trudgen changed the kick from a
flutter to a scissor in 1873. Since then, it's been modified and
called the "Australian Crawl" and then the "American
Crawl".
• The backstroke, or back crawl, uses
alternating and opposite arm movements.
As one arm pulls through the water from an
overhead position to the hip, the other arm
recovers above the water from the hip to
the overhead position and vice versa.
• The legs perform a flutter kick, similar to
the one used in the front crawl.
• The backstroke is, as the name suggests,
the only one of the four competitive
swimming strokes swum on the back.
• In the backstroke, the arms perform
alternating and opposite movements.
One arm pulls backward in the water, from
an extended forward position to outside the
shoulder and then to the hip, performing an
S-shaped movement and providing
propulsion.
• The other arm recovers above water,
moving from the hip to the extended
forward position in the water, performing a
semi-circular movement.
• The arm is kept straight during the
recovery.
• The breaststroke is the oldest style
of swimming (known since the 17th
century.
• It is a swimming stroke where you lie
face down in the water and use a
wide sweeping arm movement and a
frog kick to propel yourself forward
• Arm movement: Move both arms together
forward from your chest under the water and
then pull back toward either side. The arm
movement has three steps: outsweep,
insweep, and recovery.
• Leg movement: Bring your knees up toward
your body and then kick out and back. The leg
movement is also known as the "frog kick" or
"whip kick". It has two phases: bringing your
feet into position for the thrust phase and the
insweep phase.
• Breathing: Let your head follow your spine to
breathe easily.
• Butterfly, developed in the 1930s by henry myers
and the american swimmers and recognized in
the 1950s a separate kind of stroke The butterfly
stroke is one of the most difficult swimming
strokes. It is sometimes referred to as "Fly" for
short.
• Although it is the second fastest stroke when
done properly by a skilled athlete, it requires a
very exact technique, strength and rhythm. It
does requires a lot of practice to perfect it, but
when you have it right, it is one of the most
rewarding, respected and aesthetically pleasing
swimming styles currently used in competition.
• American Henry Myers was the first
swimmer to use butterfly arm
techniques for an entire
breaststroke race in 1933.
• The characteristic butterfly stroke
dolphin kick was not allowed during
breaststroke races at this time. The
butterfly was officially recognized as
an individual stroke in 1952.
1. Use the correct arm movement. The arm movement in
butterfly stroke can be broken down into three parts: the
pull, the push and the recovery. Starting with your arms
extended above your head (shoulder width apart), pull
your hands towards your body in a semicircular motion At
the end of the pull, begin pushing your palms backwards
through the water, along your sides and past your hips.
The last part of the butterfly arm movement is the
recovery which is where your hands must be positioned
as they are in motion while finishing your pull and are
getting ready to begin the subsequent stroke. Essentially
your hands must reach your thighs.
2. Master the dolphin kick. The
dolphin kick is the name given
to the dolphin-like kick of the
legs used in butterfly stroke.
Imagine kicking your legs like a
dolphin (or a mermaid!) would
kick its tail underwater.
3. Move your body in a wave-
like fashion. It's not just your
arms and legs that are required
during the butterfly stroke, your
whole body needs to get
involved
4. Know when to breathe.
Breathing during butterfly
stoke can be a little tricky, as it
has to be perfectly timed and
completed pretty quickly
• Sidestroke, which was the basic
stroke in the early years of
competition but is not used only
in non-competitive.
• The sidestroke was supplanted
in competitive swimming by the
crawl but is still used in lifesaving
and recreational swimming. The
body stays on its side and the
arms propel alternately.
• Side stroke is an old swimming style
formerly used in competitive
swimming from 1800s to 1900s. Today,
it's primarily used as a rescue
swimming style as lifeguards and navy
seals widely use it as it's performed on
the side. The swimmer uses both arms
and legs to propel the body forward
while staying on the side.
• The first phase starts when the
swimmer executes a pull with the lead
arm while the opposite arm is sliding
up. Once hands meet in the middle
point, we enter the second phase. In
this phase, the swimmer pushes the
water back with the opposite hand
and performs a leg motion.
Simultaneously, the lead arm is sliding
back to the initial position. As the
stroke cycle ends, the swimmer glides
in a streamlined position.
• Leg movements: Initiate scissor kick.
Stay on your side and keep your top
arm close to your head. In that
position, initiate a scissor kick. To finish
the stroke, pull the water back with
your bottom arm at the end of the
scissor kick.
FOR LISTENING!