APPLICATION LAYERS:
Name System
DNS - Domain Name System. Translates domain names such
as cisco.com, into IP addresses.
Host Config
DHCPv4 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv4. A DHCPv4
server dynamically assigns IPv4 addressing information to DHCPv4
clients at start-up and allows the addresses to be re-used when no
longer needed.
DHCPv6 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6. DHCPv6 is
similar to DHCPv4. A DHCPv6 server dynamically assigns IPv6
addressing information to DHCPv6 clients at start-up.
SLAAC - Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. A method that allows a
device to obtain its IPv6 addressing information without using a
DHCPv6 server.
Email
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Enables clients to send email to
a mail server and enables servers to send email to other servers.
POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3. Enables clients to retrieve email
from a mail server and download the email to the client's local mail
application.
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol. Enables clients to access
email stored on a mail server as well as maintaining email on the
server.
File Transfer
FTP - File Transfer Protocol. Sets the rules that enable a user on one
host to access and transfer files to and from another host over a
network. FTP is a reliable, connection-oriented, and acknowledged file
delivery protocol.
SFTP - SSH File Transfer Protocol. As an extension to Secure Shell
(SSH) protocol, SFTP can be used to establish a secure file transfer
session in which the file transfer is encrypted. SSH is a method for
secure remote login that is typically used for accessing the command
line of a device.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A simple, connectionless file
transfer protocol with best-effort, unacknowledged file delivery. It uses
less overhead than FTP.
Web and Web Service
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A set of rules for exchanging text,
graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the World
Wide Web.
HTTPS - HTTP Secure. A secure form of HTTP that encrypts the data
that is exchanged over the World Wide Web.
REST - Representational State Transfer. A web service that uses
application programming interfaces (APIs) and HTTP requests to create
web applications.
Transport layer
Connection-Oriented
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol. Enables reliable communication
between processes running on separate hosts and provides reliable,
acknowledged transmissions that confirm successful delivery.
Connectionless
UDP - User Datagram Protocol. Enables a process running on one host
to send packets to a process running on another host. However, UDP
does not confirm successful datagram transmission.
Internet Layer
Internet Protocol
IPv4 - Internet Protocol version 4. Receives message segments from
the transport layer, packages messages into packets, and addresses
packets for end-to-end delivery over a network. IPv4 uses a 32-bit
address.
IPv6 - IP version 6. Similar to IPv4 but uses a 128-bit address.
NAT - Network Address Translation. Translates IPv4 addresses from a
private network into globally unique public IPv4 addresses.
Messaging
ICMPv4 - Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv4. Provides
feedback from a destination host to a source host about errors in
packet delivery.
ICMPv6 - ICMP for IPv6. Similar functionality to ICMPv4 but is used for
IPv6 packets.
ICMPv6 ND - ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery. Includes four protocol
messages that are used for address resolution and duplicate address
detection.
Routing Protocols
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First. Link-state routing protocol that uses a
hierarchical design based on areas. OSPF is an open standard interior
routing protocol.
EIGRP - EIGRP - Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. An open
standard routing protocol developed by Cisco that uses a composite
metric based on bandwidth, delay, load and reliability.
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol. An open standard exterior gateway
routing protocol used between Internet Service Providers (ISPs). BGP is
also commonly used between ISPs and their large private clients to
exchange routing information.
Network Access Layer
Address Resolution
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol. Provides dynamic address mapping
between an IPv4 address and a hardware address.
Note: You may see other documentation state that ARP operates at the
Internet Layer (OSI Layer 3). However, in this course we state that ARP
operates at the Network Access layer (OSI Layer 2) because it's primary
purpose is the discover the MAC address of the destination. A MAC address is
a Layer 2 address.
Data Link Protocols
Ethernet - Defines the rules for wiring and signaling standards of the
network access layer.
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network. Defines the rules for wireless
signaling across the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio frequencies.
