82 Design of Machine rien OMED 'b. According to DET: = [in 90F + [4 «2 15333 = fiss0041 +223 (sou 159398 = 13900441 + (223 « 1077? faa? -0-0+ Bx AO7ax 1 =208 10¢Nmm =208kNm ia 6 00 [9 (OTE saTaenie TF « According to DET: For design 200 = 26569 + (4.98 «10° Fordesign 2.8(4)/ Pg 22, DHB T= 164 x 10°Nemm = 1.64 kN'm sm diameter is subjected to bending moment of 25 Se ee they {steel in tension i290 Nn ind 3. fara0¥ 0-05 [3 «(36x10 139 = (BONA 29041 «(1.67 «10°72 Adopt. factor of safety of 15 34, Around rod of diameter 30 mms an axial compres Zua'twisting moment of 1.3 kNm. The cod ism ‘VTU~ Mar. 2001 =14 Marks; Dee, 2014! Jan. 2015 =10 Ma 's S286 Mia}, Determine the factor of safety as per Solution d= 60 mm, M = 25x 10° Nm, = 230 MPa a. MNST, b MSST,¢- DET. following theories of Bendingstres oy = hue ‘VIU=Mayl June 2010-08 Marks; July 200608 Marks; (Simitar July Aug, 2005 ~08 Mar ila) June 2012 10 Marks Solution: = 30mm, F = -20KN =-20 x 10°N, T=1.5kN-m, 0, = 0, = 328.6 MPa, Shear stress, : Stateofstress 0, 45 = 11790MPa,a, = and ty = (236% 105)T 2. According to MNST: Lay Pg2, DEB For design 2a 21, ot toxase10 MG 1620523) amroaners eM Seton -14€)Pg2, DHB 20 _(11790+0) , [aiz90+0) = 2 (W220) , (79828) a scs0 ry = 92-2829 MPa 201222898 15333 «5095 + fm DEI ; 1 SDE fey -3] (94.38? = 3475.10 + (5.57 x 10-yT? 2.8(b) / Pg 21, DHB =M,=3.12% ‘mm = m i = = Tad 231210 Name 3.21 2 2s) (8820) b. According to MSST: : Fordesign 8 = fo, 36,F oi, 2.8(0) Pg 22,06 +2298 (Assume =0.25) aDDékigh for static and impact Strength 65 1m, F = 5000 N, T= 50 Nom = 50 x 10? Nimm, M = 75 Nim = {84 Design of Machine Elements (OME 3286 _ 343.50 1 =0956 F500 sanatstrss, 9p = 5 = 50 = 2486 MPa 4G)! Pg2, DUB. ii, Maximum shearsteess thes ess, 4 = Me SOM 752101651 Pa Zn? a x16 72 1.100) Pg2, DHB 2.8(€)/ Pg 22,p, « Bendin For design = uraiene satayrg2 om caiman onal ea eee Deen 2843) Pg 21, DUB Y seat 0 352 228.30 n=153 >, Maximum shear stress theory: orden S20 fea, F FA, 280 Pg2, DB = (Qn137 = 0F + 4x 62177) 382-2452 ne1a3 e stress occurs at critical point of a steel member for which the ingth is 250 MPa, as shown in Fig, 2.26. Determine the factor of safety @08) using’ a. MSST b, DET = a4 = 250 MPa, n= 2, 0, = 80 MPa, a, = —40 MPa (comp.), dy torque of 50 Nom an 75N'm, Assume, =350MPa and a= 0.3, Calculate the factor of safety based ‘3, Maximum normal stress theory’ . Maximum shear stress theory. IU Dec. 2008 Jan 201010 SPSS) ali 2007 ZORA 2.8(0)/Pg21, DUB Fg, 225: Problem 35{6 Design ot Machine Elements (OME D b DET Fordesign 2818 F522, bg Bl al point in a machine component made of és MPa areas follows: c, = 100 MPa, c, = 40 Xf, safety by: 0 June! uly 2008 =06 Mak ? Dec. 20131 Jan 2014 —08 Ma = 100 MPa, 6, =40 MPa, t= 80 MPa,n =? 2.8(a) /Pg 21, DE (Desig for Staticcond impact Srenath 67) ii, Maximum shear stress theory: Fordesign 2.8(¢)/Pg 22, DUB ii, DET: Fordesign = (100 40) + 3x80) Men n=292 ly loaded and hasa yield strength of 350 MPs. For 4 below, find the factor of safety according to: ’3. Maximum normal stress theory . Maximum shear VTU=Dec, 2011-12 Marks 10) =70 MPa, @;=70 MPa, ‘8, Maximum normal stress theory: Fordesign © Hy n=50 b, Maximum shear stes theory Fordetign St 204-05 20/7922, DH‘a eee el ' Design orstatic endimpsct Sanath 89 OO io 8-010 = aRO) FO 28) P22 py 1.00 250 500 For design 2.8(0 /P 22, DAB . According to Ferdi a 0D OG 2.80) Pg 22,05 (On similar lines, we have Arrangement (o,>0;>«)) 420,180,0 19 16 $90,0,-180, 1 uns 182 +0,6, +0,0;) ..using (Eq?) eee etae Detign for Static andimpact Shengin 9 90 Design of Machine Blarents (OME D Mdundera state of stesso, 302 = 20% ¥ este stress ender the condition = Cv aNd = 0 unde, ing occur? stress (tension or ress concentration fac Yenotch 52 Nominal stress 0, =30:= 2 23% 140=420MPa oieoe eon ‘+ Fordiectstess, Ona = (€q, 238) 211aV/ Pg 20, DHE [Fig. 2102) Pg 20, DHB) sForbending, Onn = 04K, =(%2)k, (€q,2.39) 2100) Pg 20, DHB (Fig, 2.10bW/ Pg 20, DHB «+ For torsion, "820, DHB [Fig. 2.1(0 Pg 20, DHB) K,= theoretical elastic stress concentration factor for shear stress 28.1 Characteistis of Stress Concentration Factor ‘+ K,isa function ofthe geometry or shape ofthe part, but not its size or material. + Kis a function of the type of loading applied to the part (axial, bending or torsional) Kis fu radius, the specific geometric stress raiser in ent diameters to accommodate se defined with respect to particular nominal stress assumesa linear elastic, hamogencous, isotropic materia. nem for securing the gears: Sess concentration charts ig.220Pg 21, DHB gives form stress, 291Pg 30, DB gives stress conce 2.13/Pg 37, DHD gives stress conce transverse hole in bending + Fig. 2110Pg 37, DIB gives stress concentra tension, changes + Fig, 215/Pg, 38, DHB gives stress concentration factor for @ notched flat bar in stresses are produ ending.{2 Dagn of Machina Eiomes + Fig. 21609 8, DHB st powerful ame known fondling 8 taper analy s made and 217/Pg.39, DHB gives stress cone bending + Fig, 218/Pg 39, DHB gives stress concentra «Fig, 2.20/Pg 40, DHB gives and widely ust ial having double refraction “Fig. 223/Fg 2, DHB. tension. 1 Fig, 225g 43, DHB fora stepped shan + Fig. 228/ Pg 4, DHB gives stress concer hte, factor fora shaft with transaey| 2.9 STRESS CONCENTRATION IN CONTRAST 10 DUCTILE AND UNDER STATIC LOADING BRITE MATER ‘Bainthe stress conce ‘rd method consist of drawing a grid of ines on the part In order space lines a se rected BY 13 : own fond and the change fre mapped, the stresses are ed sing bianal stress-strain 2.11 METHODS OF REDUCING STRESS CONCENTRATION ‘Arnumber of methods are available to reduce stress concentration in machine parts. (=) Bet dean (Proto Soon Fig.227: Uso fers at shoulders notches rathera a Desk of Ma ss OMED x feces & Design for Static and Impact Strength % 60: mm x 10 mm with a hole of 12 mm and subjected 10 sngular plate with a hole int G Comparing Fig. 2.33a with Fig, 212? 36, DHB, we have F = 12 KN, B= 601mm, Foraxialload, Fg.) 2.10)Pg 20, DHB (6012) « 10 = 480 mm? mye? Comparing Fig. 23900) wi Ner=1DKN.Desdtem de ssmm rsa (a) Bad dosgn (©) Prefered design ee 12 feast onto Problems on stressos a into acount. eects “a Designtorstatic andimpet Shength 97 1.A weungu pit ta gov of 8s 12m, 08 shay ject: x force of 10 KN Bc pMarisNn 2) ha erin the maximum sess ndced in each ase c E- VIU-Dec. 06 Jan. 2007~ 19, Fig. 2.940: Problem 43, But = 2=AE" 252 mm? (Chart) a» Now 026 ana 8. a 06 an 2-152, weave «153 ath= 124 46=552mm? (Char ae Acib= 1x6 (Chart) ree ae 44. A rectangular plate 15 mm thick made ofa rite materia is shown in Fig. 235 1 Calon te lowes stauch oftarcehalen | a \VTU=Jon! Fe 2005 08 Marks zat: Prolom ss ae 2 ig Fig. 235: Problem a4 Solution: gy.=?, f= mm. Comparing Fig.2.35 with Fig. 2.121 Pg36, DHB, we 7 have F = 20 KN, mm, {= 15mm, a, =3mm,a)=5 mm, ms Fig, 2340: Protams9 F Foraaoed, oma =(2)k, By Bm (Case :a,=3mm Now 2 or6and = Pars , 646 wt Here Now At - we have Ky=27 ular groove subjected to bendit h Fig. 215/ Pg 38, DB, we have B= 7012 = 12mm,M=15Nm Flere as ~(2221") 2716544 Ma A= (Bat = 25-5) x15 =300mm? (Chart) 524,08) Now «3.203; at%202,wehave K,=255 Bg, (i) 2.4 a——$<$£ io ORES eer Done = Design forstaticondimpact Strength 99 ids. Ome =| Gq)“ At =O and 212, wehave K,=218 10mm : : = 5-10) «15=225 mm? (Chart) 0 A= (B-at= (25-10) x 18 = 225mm? ( i) yields. Gnae =( 2722) 24855461 MPa : a (22) capessao ‘case br A bending moment of 400 Nm. Comparing Fig, 236 40, DHB, wehave M=400 Nim, D = 601mm, r= 5mm, =D. i )K, qi) 2.206)Pg20, DAB €.Atwiting moment of 5 ‘ “ke stress concentration into account YIU=Dec. 20091 fan'2010=10 4 a. L ue aa tre s, Laat 1227185mm" (Chart) i Now taSaoina? 2. a y\—g— -+J—-—-' a 50 a) ‘| at fF o8 conan? 9! 12, wehae IN a Fig 2.26: Problem 45 1886128 MPa Fig. 2360 with Fig.21P 539,03 Case A twisting moment of 500 Nm. Comparing Fig. 2360) with Fig. 2227 Mande B-2reSdam Ppa, DHB, wehsveT=500Nm,D= 6mm, Fe Sim.d=D=2r- 80 mn ETT, For torsion, P20, DAB For axial load 5.92110) 20.05 8 xs pn x50 2 Here Aah 530m! but 2 0° _aet07 (Cha Now LoS caren ®, Now =o and? 212 Grp O 12 aesyf Machine Eleni |(ONED too bash ot Mach E Datign frstaié ondlimpact Strength 107 at 46, shaft as shown maximum stress. at Fig. 2.97: Priam 48 ing higher value, we have dy = 39556 MPa, Le. maxicnum s the stresses ate critical at WWo sect _ us in shoulder. Fig.220%5, Fig, 238 is subjected to a bending moment of 15 kN'm. fe maximum stress induced in thes factor of safety ifthe yield stress ofthe mat safety? Can Shoulder sein: 2370 Comparing Fig b pivekneltss0Nm De dimmyr= ene d=Do2r= 28mm, is 650 MPa. What i Fig. 2.78: Problem 46 q.() 2.1005 20,0 Fig 2.98; robion a7 ogo Solution: M=1.5kNm, Cau Comparing Fig. 238 with Foreign n= (ME ety =? sehave D=50mm,2=25mm Bq. (9 2.106)/Pg20, DHB. x153=542MPa 1 xD" _nx50? Bat ey GP 7185 mm (Chan) ion Fig. 237 DHB, wehaveD =40 mm, omparing Fig 2370) with Fig, 2.25 7 5mm, =30 mm At $0.05, wehave K,= 245, Here = 2650.72mm? (Chart) y Now 2.8 Eg. (yields... gay =( S21) 0 P ae Oye. a (1) casas FS dS102 Design of Machine Elements | (OMED b. Factorof safety: maximum stress induced las Case a: Rectangular ‘moment; Comparing Fig. Peiamm,b= B= = For bending lad, Gy 1246 in the following cases shown in Figs 29, Dee, 2014- Fan 201509, a ‘Devgn for static andimpact srengih 103 Eq (i) 2.1(e¥/Pg 20, DHB = 5301.44 mm* (Chart) PROBLEMS ON LOAD dhe maximum tensile load that a flat 25 mm x 3 mim can carry fithas, hole of 10 mm diameter and Gay = 120 MPS, VIU-~ Dee, 08! Jan. 200912 Marks S condition of the problem, coll; | Eq.) 2406 g20,0, =4232mm? (Chart) 1 Bot 1-H. Be Fa.240: rien a8 ae e 5D is Comparing Fig. 240 with Fig 2:2! Pg 36, DHB, we have F = 2, B= 25 mm ’ 7 t=3mm,a= 10mm r -() ; i © 2, om =(E)K £24620, DMB A=(B~a) t= (25-10) x3=45 mm? Eq. (i) yields. Now a Koa Cases Stepped shaft subjected to torque: Comparing Fig, 2.390) wi a Pg 44, DHB, wehave T= 400N'm,D= 60 mm, r=5mm,d~30 mm at p7O4 wehave Ky=2.25 Fig. 2.38: Problem 48 that can be carried by a bar of rectangular cross-section 1g the maximum stress to 130 MPa and taking stress VIU=Deé. 2013) Ja 2014 = 06 Marks; July 2006=10 Marks,YO8 Design of Machine Elements OME Foraxialload, ome =(4)K, Bq, () 2.100525, A= (6-8) = 60-10) 10* 400mm" Now a 4202, wehave K,=255 B q0oyids. 0 =(E) 25s F=20392N Case 2 Plate with notch: Comparing Fig. 2.41(b) with Fig. 2.14/ Pg 37, DHB have B= 50mm,r=5mm,b= D~2r= 40m 10mm. es F 4 F re aav:ranene Here area, A= tb= 1040 =400 mm? piesa er Now Scans ant 85225 econ ant 232428 a 5 sor nd 135 have 225 Design fr Static endinipact Strength 105 a.) yields, 00 F=2011,1N ‘Thus, the safe lond carvied by the bar is F =20392.16N (Lower value). S51, Ashalt shown in Fig. the maximum stress )-a25 1d W. Determine the load such that supported beam subject span, as shown in Fig. 242(a), thereby causing » bending Fig. 2.4200). Fig. 2.428: Problemst Fig. 2.420: Probiem 51 Case: Bending moment at section A. A: Fora $$ beam with central load, iy 2M _ W060 3) . es. n20w so Tb1 (Fig, 4)/Pg 15, DAB Eg. (i)210bVPg 20, DAB For bending ond oan =(),106) Design of Mach E Design fer Sialic ond impoct Shengin 107 WL _Wx160 MWe and : sow There = 160 mm from RHS to section C-C] 1 D_s «4. -o0tani 2 -38_ and 2-152 a3 ii 5 =0.04,and > «1.52, wehave K, =221 ’ § =008 ant «132, a sow ne iets Oag (FoR «221 onssw and Therefore, Coun at ct 2.43, The thickness of the ty rey cast iron having ¢, = 200 MPa. Determi Cases Section CC stepped shat Comparing Fig, 242d with Fig. aay, Pte Factor of safety 2. wveD=38mm,r=1 mm, d= 25mm. ‘VTU= May/June 2010=08 Marks; June! July 18-07 Marks oes cil sons sun pare Caps F240) ih 21078 Sta ne a ' Foret, oan =(5) 2 2tatea9 ouY 108 Design of Machine Elemanis | OME a é Ean (Case 2: Hole section: Fig 2.43(6): Comparing Fig. 243(b) with Fig. 2.12/ Pg 36, Di, ‘wehave F=5000N,B= 30mm, a= 15 mm er vale of a fom Fas ian re ae £=9.08mm=10mm Eq design torstaic ndimooct strength 107 ig. 244, Determine a safe value for cine machine element has design 200 MPa \VIU=Dee. 2008 Jan 2010 =10 Marks(Sinilar) Dec. 2010-05 Marks Fig. 2.4: Problem 53 P =500KN, f= 2 Gna, =200 MPa te with hole: Comparing Fig. 244(a) with Fig. 2.12/ Pg 36, DHB, we ‘=F= S00 KN, B= 230 man,a™=30 mm, =? Fig. 2.440: Probem 53 Fermilnd, oom =(E)K 6.0) 240R938 DB An(Baa)f= 20-30) 1-190 ow 4-2 -au At = 014, wehave k,=265 ies. 200 (3822) as (=34s6mm38 mm Case 2: Plate with notch: Comparing Fig. 2.44(b) with Fig, 2:14/ Pg 37, DHB, we have B= 220mmn,r=30mm,b= B= ar=460mm,t2? en" PHB, ees Fig. 2.4: Problem 53110 Design of Machine Elements (OME D = 205 «205 1 =32.03mm =32mm { 351mm. srneteont mabe Bre the thckne ne having a 1s the thickness 3 to tha-the maximum stess ll natexceed that of Mt member. 7 " an ces tt Fig, 2450: Prolem 5 Fig. 2486: Problem 54 Solution: =, Plate 1: Fig. 2454) Foraxialload, —onax Fg. (i) 2.10/29, Da, Eq lat 2 Fig. 2480 and Fig. 245: Since the stresses in both the plates ares (data gi Fig, 245(¢) with Fig. 2.12/ Pg 36, DHB, pibadgnterstareondimocctsenath 111 Eq. v) 1 = (50-15) x= 354 S,wehave ky=237 using Eq. (i) care Fig. 2.454: Problems Bayan oanr-(2)n Fa.) Here A= th= 10.16 «25 =254 mm Bq tvyields 325 =(52,) Ki _-using Eq (i) Ky= 169mm soy Now at Ky =109 and 22 =2,5=026 72026 25= 65mm PROBLEMS ON DIAMETER 55, Aplate 19 mm thick Ifthe maxima Solution: gga. = 150 ‘Comparing Fig, 2.46 with Fig, 2.16! Pg 38, DHB, we have F = 25 kN, = 10 mm, B=ASmm,b= 50mm, r=? led to tensile load of 25 KN as shown in Fig. 2.46 ‘is 150 MPa, determine the radius of the fillet.112. Design of Machine Elements | (OMED Fig. 2.478: Problem 56 is made of FG260and NP, - ing moment of chess Fig. 2.48: Problem 57 IU June 2012=20 Marks sil strength, =260 MPa ‘Tb. La Pg 461, DUB 248, Dad + 2 025d)= 15d VIU=Mar 2001=05 Mark; (Similar) June! July 2013 ~06 Marks Comparing Fig, 2.47(a) with b, Magnitude of stress at fillet: Forbending load, os 2.1(0)/Pg20, DAB. But =19175 mm? (Chast) w15= 11734 MPa value of and the ‘VIU~Dec. 07/Jan. 2008-10 Marks114 Design of Mi E DodgnfrStatc ondimpoct engi \ j 8 —) das Fig.2.50: Probiom 59 Fig.220/ Pg 40, DHB, we have D=1 2d, d=d,r=01d Solution: 250=75% 21(b)/Pg20, DHB 2.10605 2,05 Fig. 251: Probiom 60 Solution: F= 10 KN, «= 300 MP, factor of safety, =2, d=? We know thatSe went 117 Design of Machine Elements COMED. asin fo Static ond impact tena! | =o os up | [since diameteris uniform at mid spn, 4=3691mm Sf ‘Case 2 Stepped shat t [Same for left and right shoulder] | Gompang Fig 2510) wih ig 225/P488,DHB-we ve De ae | ‘To.18(Fig. 4/Pg 15,08) 2 M=15x10Nmm. ad D 15d ys 15, wehave K, factor of safety of ‘Vru=fuly 2007-12 Marks 12 Fig. 252:Problom st Solution; F=8KN, 0, =400 MPa, factor of safety, =2,d=? Weknow that n= by causing bending moment as shown in Fig, 252(a), ly supported beam with intermediate load [Fig 2.5243], uot L (810) 3504150 500 M=840% 10 Nm Fig. 2520: Problems Tb. 1.4, (Fig. 51 Pg 16, DHBDedgn forStatic ondimpoet Srength 119 “Method i From fundamen eccentric distance [Fig.2.52(a)] Ea . tll 220" ges? (Char 078544 (Chart = Me ee 2400 x 3500 = 0 x 10° Nemm I M= .. 200 = ase :Stpped Fig. 2.25/Pg3, DHB, 1-22 ood? (Chart ~ M=Rqx 250 =2100 «25 ae) M=6x10°Nmm 1 AAD 6 gag? a2 Sadie Cnetfe Fa Case: 2.52) | Compai 25/Pg43, DHB, | Now at his m0 knoe d=273mm Fag Taking larger diameter for design, we have d= 37.60 mm. ‘Therefore, standard size, d= 40mm Th 3.5(aV/Pg 57,0 ‘out having major axis 50 mm and mine ‘ais 25 mm is subjected to a tensile oad F, Determine the stress concent. factor when: 2. The load is perpe lar to major axis, b.The VIU= Dee. 08/ Jan, 2009=08 Ma, F258: Provieme2 Design forStatie and Impact Sten ya, "Tb2.1/g30, DHB Th 2.1/ Pg 30, DIB, reaprocatng levers. 213 METHODS OF SELECTING MEMBERS TO WITHSTAND IMPACT LOAD ‘The following two methods are employed for select deads. member subjected to impact