WORKSHEET 1

Read the statements below and determine if the statement refers to an (MEDC) – More
economically developed country or (LEDC) – Less economically developed country. Write only
your choice (MEDC or LEDC) next to the question number (1 − 8) for example 3.1.9 LEDC.

1. Very few individuals die before the age of 5 years.

2. Death rate is high due to poor health care and widespread disease.
3. The majority of people have access to a doctor.
4. Housing is often inadequate with limited access to clean running water and electricity.
5. Literacy rates are high because the majority of children have access to free education.
6. Life expectancy is high due to medical care and quality of life.
7. 20–45 people per 1 000 people are born per year.
8. 200–500 babies per 1 000 people are born per year. (8 x 1) (8)

WORKSHEET 2
FIGURE 3.3 illustrates the economic north/south divide.

1. Name the continents A and B illustrated in the cartoon. (2 x 1) (2)

2. Name ONE historical factor that may have caused the illustrated relationship
between the continents. (1 x 1 ) (1 )
 3. Refer to the movement of commodities (raw materials and manufactured goods)
between continents A and B.
(a) Which of the continents (A or B) in the cartoon is more developed? (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Explain TWO reasons for your answer to QUESTION 3. (a). (2 x 2) (4)
(c) Discuss how the illustrated movement of commodities will negatively influence
continent A. (3 x 2) (6)

WORKSHEET 3
Use the world map, (FIGURE 3.3), which indicates Gross National product per person and answer the following
questions.

1. Define the concept Gross National Product. (1 x 2) (2)

2. Name any TWO other economic indicators (excluding GDP and GNP) of
development. (2 x 2) (4)
3. Identify the continent with the lowest Gross National Product. (1 x 2) (2)
4. In 1980, the Brandt Report used the expression the ‘North-South divide’.
Deduce how this map reinforces Brandt’s findings. (1 x 2) (2)
5. Explain why the statistics represented on this map never really present a
complete and accurate picture of what life is like on a continent. (2 x 2) (4)

WORKSHEET 4
Study the cartoon in FIGURE 3.2 to answer the following questions.
 1. What does the cartoon say about development across the world? (1 x 2) (2)
2. Name ONE factor in the cartoon that influences development. (1 x 2) (2)
3. What form of development is represented by panel 1 and 2 of the cartoon
respectively? (2 x 1 ) (2)
4. Which panel represents an economically more developed country and which
one represents an economically less developed country? Support your answer
by using geographically sound theory. (2 x 2) (4)
5. How does the development indicator ‘access to food’ differ in panel 1 and 2. (2 x 1) (2)
6. With reference to Rostow’s development model, indicate the phase represented
by panel 1 and 2 of the cartoon respectively. (2 x 1 ) (2)

WORKSHEET 5
Study FIGURE 3.3, illustrating indicators of development.
 1. What does the abbreviation HDI stand for? (1 x 1) (1)
2. Name ONE of the HDI indicators of development. (1 x 1) (1)
3. Refer to the photo indicating Developed vs. Developing countries and the HDI
and GINI-coefficient data.
(a) Match X and Y to either developed or developing countries respectively. (2 x 2) (4)
(b) Clearly distinguish between HDI and GINI-coefficient data. (2 x 2) (4)
4. Explain how the population growth of developing countries will have a negative
influence on development. (2 x 2) (4)
[F:\\ECNOV173.3]

WORKSHEET 6
Development models, although heavily criticised, give us an idea of the development of places within
a time frame. Choose the development model that the descriptions below refer to. Write ONLY one
model next to the question number (1 –7)

1. This model has been developed from the dependency theory.

2. This model has a ‘bottom-to-top’ rather than a ‘top-to-bottom’ approach to
 development.
3. This model was developed in the 1950’s and consists of linear development
stages.
4. This model is based on the idea that if there is worldwide growth in wealth, only
the richer countries benefit from this wealth.
5. This model was based on the European experience and does not accommodate
developing countries’ development.
6. This model is based on the fact that development cannot take place if there is
no balance between economic, social and environmental development.
7. According to this model, economic growth is centred on a few areas and the
less developed areas depend on these developed centres. (7 x 1) (7)
[F:\\ECNOV174.1]

WORKSHEET 7
Study FIGURE 3.4, which depicts a model of development to answer the following questions .

1. Name the model of development depicted in FIGURE 3.4. (1 x 2) (2)

2. Identify the stage on the graph which would typify an advanced highly-
developed industrial economy. (1 x 2) (2)
3. List TWO characteristics of Stage 4 (Drive to maturity). (2 x 2) (4)
4. This model of development has been strongly criticised and replaced by a
number of different theories and models. Discuss in a paragraph of approximately
8 lines the criticism levelled against this model of development. (4 x 2) (8)

WORKSHEET 8
Refer to FIGURE 4.3, an extract on the initiative of the Umsizi organisation in community
development.
 1. What is community development? (1 x 1) (1)
2. Name ONE focus area and ONE aim from the extract of the community development
projects organised by Umsizi. (2 x 1) (2)
3. Mention why crop production training is sustainable and widespread within the Umsizi
framework. (1 x 2) (2)
4. Explain why monitoring of community-based projects is important to its success for
sustainable development. (2 x 2) (4)
5. Provide reasons why community development is important to a country’s broader
development aims. (3 x 2) (6)
F:\\ECNOV174.3]

WORKSHEET 9

Match the terms/concepts below with the statements that follows. Write only the term/concept next to
the question number (1–7)

1. Economic system based on private ownership.

2. Type of development based on economic growth, technology and industrialisation.
3. Economic activities providing a service.
4. The average number of years that a new born baby in a population is expected to live.
5. The number of infant deaths in a country in a specific year.
 6. A description given to a country that has many manufacturing and technology based
industries.
7. Those activities involving forestry, farming, mining and fishing that extract natural
Resources directly from the environment (7 x 1) (7)

WORKSHEET 10
FIGURE 3.4 depicts a balance of trade situation.

1. Define the term balance of trade. (1 x 1) (1)

2. The cartoonist depicts a negative balance of trade.
(a) Why would you agree with the statement that the balance of trade is
negative? (1 x 1) (1)
(b) (b) Provide TWO protectionist policies that more developed countries
implement to restrict imports. (2 x 1) (2)
3. Protectionist policies restrict fair trade. Explain how fair trade could help
struggling countries to have a better balance in their trade. (2 x 2) (4)
4. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, evaluate the importance of a
positive balance of trade for countries. (4 x 2) (8)
[F:\\ECNOV173.4]

WORKSHEET 11

Read through the case study, FIGURE 4.3, ‘AGRINAS’ to answer the questions below.
 1. Explain what community-based development is. (1 x 2) (2)
2. Name TWO ways in which people in the community (in the case study) act
together to produce goods of value. (2 x 2) (4)
3. List THREE skills that the local farmers need. (3 x 1) (3)
4. Identify ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of community organised
labour. (2 x 2) (4)

WORKSHEET 12

Refer to the cartoon in FIGURE 3.6 showing trade and answer the questions that follow.
 1. Is the man with the cigar promoting free trade? (1 x 2) (2)
2. Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 1 . (1 x 2) (2)
3. Who in the cartoon represents the following:
(a) More economically developed countries (1 x 2) (2)
(b) Less economically developed countries (1 x 2) (2)
4. Give TWO regulations used to prevent free trade. (2 x 2) (4)
5. Explain why free trade is to the advantage of less economically developed
countries. (3 x 2) (6)

WORKSHEET 13
Read the case study, FIGURE 4.3 to answer the following questions.

1. What is humanitarian aid? (1 x 2) (2)

2. Suggest TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of giving humanitarian aid. (4 x 2) (8)
3. Refer to the extract and describe the role of women in the development of Haiti. (1 x 2) (2)
4. Give evidence from the extract that suggests that gender equality is being
promoted in Haiti. (1 x 2) (2)

WORKSHEET 14
Read the extract about export-led development in developing countries

1. Define the term export-led development. (1 x 1) (1)

 2. Name ONE incentive that government can give industries to produce an export-led
commodity. (1 x 1 ) (1)
3. What is the main aim of implementing an export-led growth strategy, according to
the article? (1 x 1) (1)
4. Beside the main aim of export-led growth, mentioned in QUESTION 4.4.3, explain
TWO reasons why export-led growth is important for developing countries. (2 x 2) (4)
5. Evaluate how manufactured goods can be a disadvantage to developing countries.
(2 x 2) (4)
6. Comment on the importance of earning foreign exchange from export-led
commodities. (2 x 2) (4)

WORKSHEET 15
Study the artwork, FIGURE 4.2 that depicts a less developed country before and after globalisation to
answer the following questions.

1. Explain the process of globalisation. (1 x 2) (2)

2. Give evidence from the artwork to indicate that globalisation has occured. (1 x 2) (2)
3. Refer to panel A of the artwork and indicate which Millenium Goal has been
reached by the establishment of the factory. (1 x 2) (2)
4. The management headquarters of the factory in panel B is in the USA. What
would you call the factory in this country? (1 x 2) (2)
5. If the factory produces products for the export market, what form of development
will take place in this country? (1 x 2) (2)
6. Refer to the artwork and write a short paragraph (not more than SIX lines) on the
positive and negative effects of globalisation in this country. (6 x 1) (6)

WORKSHEET 16
Refer to the cartoon in FIGURE 4.5 showing globalisation.
 1. Define the term globalisation. (1 x 2) (2)
2. What message does the cartoon portray about globalisation? (1 x 2) (2)
3. According to the cartoon, which country plays a major role in globalisation? (1 x 2) (2)
4. Give THREE reasons why many people are opposing globalisation. (3 x 2) (6)
5. In a short paragraph, give suggestions how globalisation can be more beneficial to
developed countries. (6 x 2) (12)

WORKSHEET 17
Refer to FIGURE 4.6 which shows gender inequality.
 1. What does the term gender inequality mean? (1 x 2) (2)
2. According to the bar graph, which gender is discriminated against? (1 x 2) (2)
3. State ONE form of gender inequality. (1 x 2)
4. Which country in the bar graph experiences the worst gender inequality? (1 x 2) (2)
5. Give TWO reasons why gender inequality is more prominent in less economically
developedcountries than in economically developed countries. (2 x 2) (4)
6. State TWO measures that South Africa has put in place to address gender
inequality. (2 x 2) (4)

WORKSHEET 18
Use the information in FIGURE 4.3 about gender equality.
 1. What is gender equality? (1 x 1) (1)
2. Provide TWO pieces of evidence from the data which indicate that women are
being financially disadvantaged. (2 x 1) (2)
3. Explain the impact of your answer to QUESTION 2 on female headed
households. (2 x 2) (4)
4. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, outline the positive economic effects
of the increase of women on the boards of companies. (4 x 2) (8)

WORKSHEET 19
Refer to FIGURE 3.4 depicting the impact of globalisation.
 1. What is globalisation? (1 x 1) (1)
2. Explain why the worker does not seem very happy to be ‘helped’ by the USA. (1 x 2) (2)
3. Why do you think China is portrayed (showed) as the smallest in the cartoon? (1 x 2) (2)
4. Refer to the characters representing multinationals and local governments.
(a) What are multinationals? (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Explain why multinationals and local governments seem to be very good
friends. (1 x 2) (2)
5. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, comment on the social impact of
globalisation on developing countries. (4 x 2) (8)

WORKSHEET 20

Read the extract from an article in FIGURE 3.5 and answer the questions that follow.

1. What does the term development aid refer to? (1 x 2)

2. What is the difference between bilateral aid and humanitarian aid? (2 x 2)
3. Name ONE humanitarian aid organisation that plays an important role in
providing food to countries affected by famine. (1 x 2)
4. Except food, name ONE other form of humanitarian aid. (1 x 2)
5. Do you agree that humanitarian aid should be granted to avoid a humanitarian
crisis in West Africa and the Sahel? Motivate your answer by discussing the
advantages and/or the disadvantages of providing humanitarian aid. (6 x 2)
WORKSHEET 21
Study FIGURE 4.4, which illustrates the effects of aid on the development of Third World countries.

1. Would you regard the type of aid in the illustration as being bilateral or
multilateral? (1 x 1) (1)
2. Provide a reason for your choice in QUESTION 1 . (1 x 1) (1)
3. Explain why the aid provided is unsustainable as depicted in the illustration. (1 x 2) (2)
4. Three types of aid, technical, conditional or humanitarian may be provided to
recipient countries.
(a) Name the type of aid depicted in the illustration. (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Substantiate your answer to QUESTION 4(a). (1 x 2) (2)
5. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, describe how aid might have a
positive impact on development in Third World countries. (4 x 2) (8)