Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State

University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

Festival tourism has the potential to contribute to community development

by creating jobs opportunities, promoting cultural exchange, and improving the

local economy. Baloc, et. al. in 2022, Festival tourism is a dynamic and exciting

activity that encourages people to travel to new places in order to experience

nature, adventure, culture, and society. It is also the way to broaden horizons

and expands knowledge of the world while experiencing new things and meeting

new people which in result can learn about the different cultures and ways of life.

In addition, tourism is a booming industry, growing faster than most other sectors

of the economy. It has become a major contributor to global GDP of more than

10% and is projected to reach 1.8 billion by 2030 according to the United Nations

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (Mikaylov, et.al. 2019). A well-verse

industry indeed which could alleviate the difficult lives of many countrymen

especially in the Philippines, tourism can be a good source of growth and

development of the country.

According to Zhang and Deng, festival tourism has the potential to

enhance individual emotions, but there is a lack of research on the factors and

mechanisms that influence festival tourists’ subjective well-being in the

context of festival
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tourism. The study has presented that experience quality and perceived festival

value mediate the effects of cultural innovation and aesthetic innovation on

subjective well-being and festival authenticity contributes to a positive moderating

effect on the relationship between innovation factors and well-being. In the

Philippines, tourism industry, including Festival tourism was estimated to be

contributing 6.2% to the Gross Domestic Product of the country in 2022 (Asia

Gaming Brief, 2023). The activity as most contributors to the booming industry of

tourism in the Philippines are the fiestas. Fiestas are a major part of Filipino

culture as a celebration to honor patron saints, give thanks for blessings, and

commemorate important events. This is the time when people in the community

and event tourists come together, socialize and experience fun (Bandala, 2018).

National festivals have been recognized for their important role in society, culture,

and the economy as they may attract tourists, boost economic activity, and

promote cultural understanding. On the other hand, festivals can also have

negative impacts such as environmental damage and social disruption

(Tolentino, et. al. 2020).

With the growing number of festival celebrations across the country, it has

become a driving force of a positive effect in the social, cultural and

environmental. However, little attention is given to its effect specifically in the

socio cultural side. According to Bandala in 2018, festivals are often marketed as

tourist attractions and attract a significant number of tourists. However in the

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University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
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context of sustainability,

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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
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a few studies were conducted to measure its impact. In Tandag, the famous

Sangkaan Festival is celebrated every September 6 to 10 of the year. This is

honor of the feast of San Nicolas de Tolentino as well as the bountifulness of the

city throughout the year (Surigao Travels, 2023). Thus, it is befitting to

understand community perceptions of festival particularly on its social impact to

the tourism and the community as a whole in the City of Tandag, Surigao del Sur.

In addition, staging festivals like Sangkaan Festival in Tandag could be a good

measure of the way of life of Tandaganons as well as its development in terms of

socio-cultural inclination of the community members.

A vested interest on the study sparked among the researchers due to the

globalization and development that the conduct of these festivals particularly

Sangkaan Festival as well as its impact to the community in particular to the

socio cultural aspect. Moreover, the research is interested in understanding how

Tandaganons perceived the social impact of the festival and examining the

decision-making process of local residents when participating in the Sangkaan

Festival as part of their community engagement. At the end of this research

endeavour, the researchers would want elaborate on possible interventions that

could be proposed to the Tourism Office of the Local Government of Tandag City

on strategic enhancements and improvement of the conduct of Sangkaan

Festival in the next years based from the comprehensive results of this study.

Moreover, proposal for and awareness campaign may also be proposed as

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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
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appropriate

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output for the said research which could possibly benefit the Tandaganons and

tourists.

Theoretical Framework

The research is based on three (3) social impact theories namely:

Gifford’s Social Dilemma System Model, Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations Theory,

and Stern’s Value Belief Norm Theory.

According to Bandala in 2017, Gifford’s Social Dilemma System states

that when individuals and groups use resources in a way that ranges from pure

community or environmental interest to pure self-interest, they may face social

dilemmas in which these interests seem to conflict with each other. Gifford’s

Social Dilemma System model can be used to understand and address social

dilemmas. It is by understanding the factors that influence people’s decisions,

where interventions are developed that could help to make choices that are more

beneficial for the community and the environment.

On the other hand, Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations Theory states how

new ideas and technologies are spread throughout a society. Also, it states that

diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain

channels over time among the members of a social system. Roger’s Diffusion of

Innovations Theory has been used to study the diffusion of a wide range of

innovations, including new technologies, new agricultural practices, and new

social
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North Eastern Mindanao State
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norms. Also, It has been found to be useful for understanding how new ideas and

technologies are spread and for developing strategies to promote the adoption of

new innovations (Halton, 2023).

While, Stern’s Value Belief Value Norm Theory suggests that when people

are not constrained by external factors, their choice of pro-environmental actions

is driven by their personal norms. Stern’s VBN Theory has been used to develop

interventions that promote pro-environmental behaviour. These interventions

often focus on helping people develop stronger personal norms (Al Manun, et.al.,

2022).

Conceptual Framework

This study focused on the Social Impact of Festival Tourism in Tandag

City. The study will be utilizing the Independent Variable – Dependent Variable -

Output (IV-DV-O) diagram. This is an appropriate diagram to present the flow of

analysis and showing the relationship of variables in the study. Figure 1 shows

the schematic diagram of the study consists of three (3) boxes wherein each box

represents the primary focus of this study.

In the schematic diagram, the first box consists of the demographic profile

of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment,

and permanent address. The second box focused on the level of social impact of

festival tourism, specifically, Sangkaan Festival to Tandag City in terms of. The

third box represents the output of this study which is the proposed intervention.
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What is the level

of social impact of
The Demographic
festival tourism to
Profile of the Tandag City in
terms of:
respondents;
 Community
 Age Benefits
 Gender  Individual
Proposed
Benefits
 Civil Status Intervention
 Social Cost
 Educational  Social Well-
Attainment Being
 Socio-
 Permanent
cultural
Address

Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study

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Statement of the Problem

The social effects of festival tourism on Tandaganons were the main focus of the

study. It aims to respond to the following questions:

1. Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Educational Attainment;

1.5 Present Address?

2. What is the level of social impact of festival tourism on Tandaganons in terms

of:

2.1 Community Benefits;

2.2 Individual Benefits;

2.3 Social Cost;

2.4 Social Well-Being; and

2.5 Socio-cultural?

3. Is there a significant relationship on the level of social impact of

festival tourism among Tandaganons?

4. What is the proposed intervention that can be recommended?

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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
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Hypothesis

Ha: There is a significant relationship on the level of social impact of festival

tourism among the Tandaganons.

Scope and Limitation

The research was conducted at Tandag City andinterviewing 300

Tandaganon at a random manner for the sole purpose of this research. The

researcher found it necessary to conduct this study to analyse the social impact

of festival tourism, particularly Sangkaan Festival to the Tandag community. In

addition, the researchers wanted to determine the differences among the

responses of the respondents and have limited to 300 respondents for the

conduct of this study.

The research goal is to determine the level of social impact of Sangkaan

Festival and to come up with possible matrix of improvements and retention. This

study considered every piece of the respondent’s personal information, such as

their gender, age and civil status. Each respondent will have an identical

questionnaire to complete the investigation of the study.

Due to resource constraints, it affected the efficiency of the study in terms of

time, materials, and human resource. Since the researchers are students, there

were financial struggles that caused the conduct of the study to be delayed. In

addition, it was limited to inevitable situations such as bad weather, natural

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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
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disasters, health protocols and conditions, and road maintenance. Moreover,

respondents are to be interviewed at their convenient time, thus refusal or

nuisance may occur. It implies that the study may not be generalizable to other

populations.

Significance of the Study

The following entities will, as a result, find the conclusions of this study

helpful:

Barangay Council. The barangay council could be benefitted by this

research for they could have a concrete basis to formulate a new policy and

actions for the festival celebrations for the next years for a greater improvement

and eventually would result to enhancement of the way of living of its

constituents.

Businesses. The business sector may benefit from this study to further

their knowledge about the trend in the festival tourism industry which side by side

with their business and economic endeavour. This may also be a good guide for

the businesses to peak at the season of the festival.

City Tourism Office. Tourism office might be able to teach and guide the

Tandaganons and tourists towards being holistic. This may also guide the

administrators in their pursuit of a quality marketing strategy. Also, it will serve as

basis for enhancement and improvement of the conduct of Sangkaan festivals in

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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
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the years to come.

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Community. The research will be of benefit to the Tandaganons to give

them holistic view about how advantageous and disadvantageous the conduct of

Sangkaan Festival in the locality. Moreover, since they have the first-hand

experience on this matter, their experience will be of highly regarded and will help

in the policy making of the local government unit.

Future Research. This study will be a starting point for future research

that looks at more variables in a different setting or with different people. The

results of this investigation could be used as a future reference on the connected

issues of social impact and for their future projects. It will say that they make

research with the same factors more reliable. This study's results could also be a

basis for more research.

LGU – Tandag City. The results of this research may give Local

Government Unit of Tandag important information about the value of

benchmarking and enhancement. As a result, the administrators will receive the

information and first-hand evaluative data necessary for good improvement of

management of Sangkaan Festival.

Researchers. The results of this study will make the researchers want to

do more research on social impact and how that affects the Tandag community.

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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
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Tourists. The results might increase tourist’s understanding of the

importance of a Sangkaan Festival and festival tourism as a whole which will

help them manage their itinerary upon their visit to the city.

Definition of Terms

To give a clear understanding, the following terms are conceptually defined:

Community Benefits. Refers to programs, activities, and services provided by

non-profit organization or a society that provides positive situations to its

recipients; maybe an individual, group or the whole community. It can also be

referred to health, cultural, environmental or holistic and are usually tax-

exempted (Community Benefit Connect, 2023).

Festival Tourism. It refers to a regular and grand festive event that brings

together a group of attendees with similar experience goals and provides them

with an atmosphere for an unforgettable experience (Cudny, 2019).

Individual Benefit. Refers to the benefit that an individual receives for their own

advantage or well-being and encompasses a wide range of advantages including

financial gain, personal convenience, or any form of gain that directly benefits the

individual (Law Insider, 2023).

Social Cost. Refers to the total cost to society resulting from a particular

economic activity or transaction. It also further defined as a sum of the costs

resulting from a
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transaction and the costs imposed on consumers as a consequence of being

exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged

(Wikipedia, 2023).

Socio-Cultural. Refers to the combination of social and cultural factors that

influence human behaviour and interactions which include race, ethnicity,

language, beliefs, values, attitudes, religion, and socioeconomic status (Merriam

Webster Dictionary, 2023).

Social Impact. It is the effect that an action or inaction, an activity, project,

program, or policy has on people and communities. It can be positive or negative,

and intentional or unintentional (Mitchell, 2021).

Social Well-Being. Refers to the quality of an individual’s relationships and

interactions with others, as well as their sense of belonging and connectedness

to their community (National Library of Medicine, 2018).

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies supporting

this paper’s concepts and theory. All information is cited on the internet as

reliable resources.

Related Literature

Foreign

Festivals and events offer a host of economic and social benefits to many

communities. Grames and Vitcenda from the University of Minnesota in 2018

focuesd on the economic benefits of festivals that are easiest to see and most

often cited such as attraction of visitors, which stimulates the growth of tourism

and other businesses in a town or region. Also, according to Westcott and

Anderson in 2021, tourism can generate positive and negative impacts under

three main categories namely, economic, social, and environmental. These

impacts are analysed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and

industry organizations. Positive social impacts in tourism include learning about

different cultures, increasing tolerance and inclusion through LGBTQ+ travel,

increasing amenities like parks, recreation facilities and etc., investment in arts

and culture, celebration of diversity, and community pride.

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According to Raj in 2020, the sociocultural impact of festival tourism is

significant because it can promote cross-cultural understanding, boost

economies, and preserve cultural heritage. However, it can also lead to cultural

erosion, social disruption, and environmental degradation and the multifaceted

effects of festival tourism on the social and cultural environment of a community

are profound and complex. Moreover, Dr. Usman in 2023 emphasized in his

article in Linked.in that the environmental impact of festival tourism is significant.

Festivals can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil

erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss,

increased pressure on endangered species, and heightened vulnerability to

forest fires, Thus, environmental impact of festival tourism is an essential

consideration for sustainable tourism management.

Local

The tourism industry in the Philippines has encountered political and

social challenge that has affected its tourism industry. Tourism is mainly a

private-sector enterprise in the Philippines, but the timely provision of hotel and

other visitor services, such as entertainment, food and sport, requires public and

private sector involvement (OAS, 2023). According to Yilmaz in 2020, the lack of

reliable statistical data hampers identification of the mechanisms by which

tourism generates growth, as well as its potential for development in the

Philippines. However, in those instances where analysis has been carried out

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and research

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has preceded planning, tourism’s priority in competing for scarce investment

funds has been established.

Festivals in the Philippines, locally known as fiestas, originated dating

back to the Spanish colonial period during the introduction of Christianity to the

country. Most Philippine towns and cities have a patron saint assigned to each of

them. Fiestas in the Philippines serves as religious, cultural or even economical

(Alejandria, 2019). According to Bandala, the idea that festivals are inherently

tourist attractions is problematic because it assumes that festivals and tourism

have a natural connection. Festivals are not simply tourist attractions but have a

deep social and cultural significance. In addition, festivals are a way for people to

come together, celebrate their shared values, and express their identities.

Related Studies

Foreign

On the study entitled “A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of

Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasor Culture Tourism and

Art Festival” by Dusmezkalender, Ozdemir, Yolal, it was emphasized the there is

a perceived positive socio-economic impacts of the cultural tourism and

simultaneously increase the residents’ willingness to rekindle culture heritage in

the festival. Also, the findings presented that the most important factor in the

discussion of directed behaviour is the dimension of behavioural desire and

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intention of the people in the community. Also, Tao, Huang, and Brown in 2020

investigated the impact of ethnic festival participation on the ethnic identity of

community members as conducted at the Yi Torch Festival in Sichuan Province,

China using Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). The study found that

there is no difference in ethnic identity commitment between the performers’

group and the spectator’s group in the festival. Evidence show that active

participation in ethnic festivals by ethnic community members can effectively

contribute

Also, in the study conducted by Lee and Seong in 2020, presented that

majority of a quality services have a direct effect to the satisfaction and

commitment of the students which will affect their decision as being graduates of

the institution. Moreover, satisfaction, commitment or performance has effect on

loyalty. However, emphasized in the same study that lack of quality in the

services offered would lead to greater problem that needs to be addressed for

improvement.

Local

According to Andereck in 2009 as cited by Pamagishi and Ocampo in their

study “Evaluating the Greening Agenda of Festivals: The Case of Sinulog”,

because tourism can have negative impacts on the environment, the tourism

industry is trying to include more sustainable practices in its operations and

tourists are also becoming more aware of their environmental responsibility when
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North Eastern Mindanao State
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travelling. In addition, Magpantay, et.al. in 2014 emphasized the one effect of

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festival celebration is to unite the community and encourage the community to

actively participate in the activities. Moreover, festival affected the professional

lives of the society due to the development of their sense of responsibility and

awareness on the organization of the event itself and its impact to the

respondents. Added by Yilmaz (2020), that there is a significant relationship

between perceived social impacts of conducting festivals and the well-being of

the attendees may they be from the community or tourists and positive effect has

a good link to revisit the conduct of festival activities.

Synthesis

In the many studies, as mentioned above on the social impacts of festival

tourism to Tandaganons, a number of similarities and differences were presented

by different authors. Grames and Vitcenda (2018) focused on the economic

benefits of festivals, such as attracting visitors and stimulating tourism and other

businesses in a town or region. Also, Westcott and Anderson (2021), analysed

the positive and negative impacts of tourism under three main categories:

economic, social and environmental. Andereck (2009) emphasized the need for

more sustainable practices in the tourism industry due to its negative impacts on

the environment, while tourists are becoming more aware of their environmental

responsibility when traveling. Magpantay et.al. (2014) highlighted the unifying

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North Eastern Mindanao State
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effect of festival celebrations on the community and the development of a sense

of responsibility and awareness among the participants. Lastly, Yilmaz (2020)

found a significant relationship between the perceived social impacts of

conducting festivals and well-being of the attendees which has a good link to

revisiting the conduct of festival activities

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Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the method and design and the essential

procedures for analyzing the research method, instrumentation and data

gathered.

Research Design

The study was utilizing a descriptive-quantitative research design.

Descriptive research is quantitative research that aims to describe the

characteristics of a population, situation, or phenomenon accurately and

thoroughly. It is a method that aims to gather quantifiable data to analyze the

population sample statistically. It allowed the researchers to describe the

characteristics of the demographic segment using the market research tool.

According to SAGE Publication (2016), a descriptive research design can

examine one or more variables using a wide range of research techniques.

Considerably, the study was evaluating the Social Impact of Festival

Tourism among Tandaganons. Once the findings are received, significant

relationships will be determined, and recommendations will be made based on

the objectives of the study. The researchers hope to conduct a seminar regarding

the services offered by the university or any other applicable method.

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Research Locale

This study was conducted in Tandag City, Province of Surigao del Sur.

This is the map where the researchers will gather the data.

Figure 2. Map of Tandag City, Surigao del Sur

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Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the Tandaganons. Purposive sampling

will be utilized in the determination of the respondents. Purposive sampling is a

non-probability sampling used in research where units are selected for inclusion

in the sample based on their characteristics. There will be 300 total number of

respondents.

Research Instrument

The research instrument is a combination of two identical related survey

questionnaires. The researchers used an adopted-modified survey questionnaire

from “The Impact of Festival Participation on Social Well-0Being and Subjective

Well-Being: A Study of the International Orange Blossom Carnival Visitors in

Turkey” by Nese Yilmaz done in 2020 for the first 4 indicators of the social

impact, and “Socio-Cultural Effects of Festivals in Batangas Province Philippines”

by Joevel H. Magpantay, et.al. done in 2014.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the researcher checked the validity of the questionnaire, conduct of a

small-scale study will be done to see if it could gather the needed data before

distributing the final version. To ensure that the necessary data was available,

the collected data was retested as part of the pilot study before the final data was

assessed. The final analysis was prepared by filling in any remaining missing

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data.

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The study was conducted exactly as intended, with respondents obtaining

letters and questionnaires as well as guidelines on how to answer each question

honestly. The acquired data was gathered, calculated, and examined using

appropriate statistical procedures to arrive at the findings, conclusions, and

suggestions.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researcher used various statistical tools to analyse the collected data

based on the problems raised in the study. To answer the statement of the

problem number one, frequency count and percent will be utilized to treat the

data. To answer problem number two, weighted mean (4-point scale) will be

employed to analyze the data. To answer problem number three, person moment

correlation will be utilized to analyze the data.

SCALE RANGE EXPLAINATION

3.50 - 4.0 SA (Strongly Agree)

2.50 - 3.49 A (Agree)

1.50 – 2.49 D (Dis-agree)

1.0 - 1.49 SD (Strongly Dis-Agree)

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Allen, J., O’Toole, W., McDonnell, I. and Harris, R. (2002) Festival and Special
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E. C., Panaligan, J. R. P., Reyes, M. L.,
Cudny Waldemar, 2013, Festival Tourism – The Concept, Key Functions And
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Düşmezkalender, E. & Özdemir, C. & Yolal M. (2019). A Study on Perceived

Socio- Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents
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Pugh, Wood, E. (2004). The Strategic Use of Events Within Local Government:

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Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R., & Romero,
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North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

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 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

Appendix A

Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents:

This research questionnaire prepared by the researchers’ aims to get

details used as data to the study entitled: SOCIAL IMPACTS OF FESTIVAL
TOURISM: AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY, INDIVIDUAL, AND SOCIO-
CULTURAL EFFECTS. Your answer would be of great help the researchers.
The researchers promise to keep your personal Information in Private. Check the
box that correspond your responses. Thank you very much.

PART I. Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age
( ) 21 ( ) 22 ( ) 23 and above

1.2 Gender
( ) Male ( ) Female

1.3 Civil Status

( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Widowed ( )Divorced

1.4 Occupational Status

( ) Self-Employed (Owning a Business) ( ) Employed Full
Time
( ) Employed Part Time ( ) Unemployed
( ) Student ( ) Retired

1.5 Monthly Income Range

( ) Php. 1,000 – 5,000 ( ) Php. 15,001 – 20,000

( ) Php. 5,001 – 10,000 ( ) Php. 20,000 and above
( ) Php. 10,001 – 15,000

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 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

PART II. What is the level of social impact of festival tourism in terms of:

Scale Verbal Interpretation

4 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 Agree (A)
2 Disagree (D)
1 Strongly Disagree (SD)

2.1. Food Safety knowledge and practices

Indicators 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (D) (SD)
2.1.1 Community Benefits
1. The festival enhances the image of the city.
2. The community gains positive recognition as a
result of the festival.
3. The community identity is enhanced through
the festival.
4. The festival is a celebration of our community.
5. The festival leaves an ongoing positive cultural
impact on the community.
6. The festival helps us show others why our
community is unique and special.
7. The festival contributes to a sense of
community well-being.
8. The festival helps improve the quality of life in
our community.
Indicators 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (D) (SD)
2.1.2 Individual Benefits
1. The festival provides opportunities for
community residents to experience.
2. Residents participating in the festival have the
opportunity to learn new things.
3. I enjoy meeting festival performers and
workers.
4. I feel a personal sense of pride and recognition
from participating in the festival.

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 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

5. The festival provides the community with the

opportunity to discover or develop new cultural
skills and talents.
6. I am exposed to a variety of cultural
experiences through festivals.
7. The festival acts as a showcase for new ideas.
8. The festival contributes to my personal health
and well-being.
Indicators 4 3 2 1
(SA) (A) (D) (SD)
2.1.3 Social Cost
1. The festival leads to disruptions in the normal
routines of community residents.
2. The community is overcrowded during the
festival.
3. Car, bus, truck, and RV traffic increased to
unacceptable levels during the festival.
4. The community recreational facilities are
overused during the festival.
5. The litter increased to unacceptable levels
during the festival.
6. The festival is an intrusion into the lives of
community residents.
7. The festival overtaxes available community
human resources.
8. The influx of festival visitors reduces the
privacy we have within our community.
9. The noise levels increased to an unacceptable
level during the festival.
Indicators 4 3 2 1
(VS) (S) (D) (VD)
2.1.4 Social Well-Being
1. I am more able to make sense of what is
happening in the world.
2. I feel I have more things in common with
others.
3. I feel more positive about other people.
4. I feel I now have more to contribute to the
world.
5. I feel more hopeful about the way things are
in the world.

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 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

Indicators 4 3 2 1
(VS) (S) (D) (VD)
2.1.5 Socio-cultural
1. The festival helps develop communication
skills.
2. The regional values and traditions are
strengthened and highly appreciated.
3. The festival increases interest in participating
in the local activities associated with the
festival.
4. The festival affects attitudes towards the
environment.
5. The festival provides behavioral patterns.
6. The festival provides unity in the community.
7. The festival depletes the number of crimes in
the community.
8. The festival creates a renaissance of native
culture.
9. The festival fuses culture.

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 Republic of the Philippines
North Eastern Mindanao State
University COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
MANAGEMENT

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