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Concept & Written by:

Ashek Mahmud Khan

B.Sc in Computer Science & Engineering (CSE)
Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore
CCNA, CCNP (BUET)
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT I
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 All Government and Private Bank IT Job Recruitment (Programmer, Assistant
Programmer, Maintenance Engineer, Assistant Maintenance Engineer, Network
Engineer, Assistant Network Engineer, Assistant Database Administrator, Database
Administrator, System Analyst, Assistant Engineer (IT), Officer/Senior Officer
(IT/ICT/CSE)).
 Others Government IT Related Job (BPSC, BCS, BCC, Ministry etc.).
 Telecommunication Company (BTCL, BTRC)
 DESCO, NESCO, PGCB, PGCL, BREB, BPDB, NWPGCL, WZPDCL etc.
 NTRCA Lecturer ICT, Instructor Recruitment,
 All CSE/ IT/ ICT/ ECE/ M. Sc. Admission (BUET, JU, MIST).

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Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/COMPACT.IT.Job.Solution/

Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Compact.IT/
E-mail: ashekjust@gmail.com, compact.it20@gmail.com
Mobile: +8801725-402592
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTIONCOMPACT IT

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INDEX
No Subjective Topics Page No
01 Computer Fundamentals 01-34
1.1 Computer Generation & Types 02
1.2 Central Processing Unit 08
1.3 Computer Memory 10
1.4 Computer Hardware Component 19
1.5 Computer Software 23
1.6 Computer Virus 27
1.7 File System 28
1.8 Computer Bus 29
1.9 Computer Keyboard Shortcut Keys 30
1.10 Microsoft Excel 32
1.11 Quick Test 34
02 Computer Architecture 35-47
2.1 Computer Architecture 35
2.2 Registers in Computer Architecture 38
2.3 Pipelining 40
2.4 Data Hazards 41
2.5 Interrupts 43
2.6 Quick Test 47
03 Programming in C 48-143
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Keywords 50
3.3 Variable 51
3.4 Data types 53
3.5 Operators 57
3.6 Programming Errors 59
3.7 Conditional Operator in C 62
3.8 Parameter passing 72
3.9 Recursion 73
3.10 C Array 75
3.11 C Output Problems 79
3.12 Determine Error 90
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3.13 C Programming Problem & Solve 91

3.14 Quick Test 143
04 Object-Oriented Programming 144-202
4.1 OOP Features 144
4.2 Pointer & Reference 154
4.3 Output Problems (C++) 162
4.4 Programming Problems (C++) 164
4.5 Java Programming 176
4.6 Java Output Programs 188
4.7 Some Java Programs 194
4.8 Quick Test 202
05 Data Structure and Algorithm 203-274
5.1 Data Structure 203
5.2 Linked List 209
5.3 Stack & Queue 213
5.4 Tree 218
5.5 Shortest path algorithms 230
5.6 Graph 237
5.7 Searching & Sorting Technique 246
5.8 Expression Parsing 266
5.9 Algorithms 267
5.10 Quick Test 274
06 Database Management System 275-353
6.1 Database 275
6.2 Degree of Relationship 279
6.3 Transaction/ACID property 280
6.4 File Organization 281
6.5 Database Schema 283
6.6 ER model 284
6.7 Key Constraints 291
6.8 SQL Commands 300
6.9 SQL JOIN 309
6.10 Normalization 313
6.11 SQL Logical Operators 316
6.12 States of Transaction & Deadlock 320
6.13 Database Security 326
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6.14 Data Flow Diagram 332

6.15 Cloud Database 338
6.16 SQL Query Analysis 339
6.17 Quick Test 353
07 Data Communication & Computer Networking 354-465
7.1 Data Communication 354
7.2 Digital Transmission 358
7.3 Line coding 367
7.4 Modulation and Demodulation 371
7.5 Analog Transmission 374
7.6 Bandwidth Utilization 376
7.7 Transmission Media 380
7.8 Switching 388
7.9 Topology 390
7.10 Computer Network 394
7.11 Components of a Computer Network 399
7.12 Network Models 405
7.13 Congestion Control 411
7.14 IP Addressing 416
7.15 Error Detection and Correction 433
7.16 Protocols 435
7.17 Advance Networking (Routing) 454
7.18 Some Others Topics 459
7.19 Basic Networking Command (Cisco) 461
7.20 Quick Test 465
08 Telecommunication 466-473
8.1 Telecommunication 466
8.2 Internal Backbone 469
09 Operating System 474-524
9.1 Operating System 474
9.2 Process 484
9.3 Deadlock 494
9.4 Virtual Memory 501
9.5 Paging 503
9.6 RAID Structure 511
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9.7 DOS Operating System 516

9.8 Disk Scheduling 517
9.9 Quick Test 524
10 Basic Linux 525-538
10.1 Linux 525
10.2 Some important Linux Commands 531
10.3 Key Board Shortcuts 537
10.4 Quick Test 538
11 Digital Electronics 539-574
11.1 Number System 539
11.2 Binary Codes 545
11.3 Boolean Algebra 547
11.4 Karnaugh Map 549
11.5 Logic Gates 553
11.6 Binary Adder 559
11.7 Multiplexer 561
11.8 Flip-Flops 564
11.9 Encoder & Decoder 569
11.10 Register and Counter 572
11.11 Quick Test 574
12 Microprocessor & Assembly Language 575-590
12.1 Microprocessor 575
12.2 Microprocessor Classification 576
12.3 8085 & 8086 Microprocessor 578
12.4 Assembly Language 586
12.5 Quick Test 590
13 Software Engineering 591-619
13.1 Characteristics of Software Engineering 591
13.2 SDLC Models 593
13.3 Requirement Engineering 596
13.4 Software Testing 601
13.5 Design Pattern 611
13.6 Some Differences in Software Engineering 616
13.7 Quick Test 619
14 Discrete Mathematics 620-627
14.1 Sets 620
14.2 Propositional Logic 623
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15 Web Technology 628-650

15.1 Website 628
15.2 HTML 631
15.3 CSS 638
15.4 JavaScript 640
15.5 jQuery 643
15.6 Ajax 644
15.7 JSON 644
15.8 ASP.NET 645
15.9 PHP 647
15.10 Quick Test 650
16 Internet of Things (IoT) 651-656
16.1 IoT 651
16.2 Challenges in IoT 656
17 Cyber Security 657-688
17.1 Cyber security 657
17.2 Types of Cyber Attacks 659
17.3 Types of Cyber Attackers 665
17.4 Digital Signature 671
17.5 Encryption & Decryption 674
17.6 Algorithms 686
17.8 Quick Test 688
18 Cloud Computing 689-696
18.1 Cloud Computing 689
18.2 Virtualization 692
18.3 AWS 695
18.4 Quick Test 696
19 Information Security 697-709
19.1 Information Security 697
19.2 Network Attacks 698
19.3 Different types of malwares 701
19.4 Network Infrastructure devices 702
19.5 Cryptography 705
19.6 Quick Test 709
20 Big Data 710-715
20.1 Big Data 710
20.2 Data Mining 714
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTIONCOMPACT IT

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20.3 Quick Test 715

21 Data Center 716-728
21.1 Data center 716
21.2 Virtual Machine (VM) 724
21.3 Short Questions 727
22 Compiler Design 729-738
22.1 Compiler 729
22.2 DFA & NFA 731
22.3 Context free grammar 734
22.4 Phases of a Compiler 737
22.5 Quick Test 738
23 Automata Theory 739-747
23.1 Automata 739
23.2 Parsing 743
23.3 Unambiguous Grammar 745
23.4 Quick Test 747
24 VLSI 748-751
24.1 VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) 748
24.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor 749
25 Artificial Intelligence 752-760
25.1 Artificial Intelligence 752
25.2 Neural Network 754
25.3 Turing Test 756
25.4 Agent and Environment 760
26 E-Commerce & Digital Marketing 761-766
26.1 E-Commerce 761
26.2 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 764
27 Circuit Analysis 767-780
27.1 Circuit 767
27.2 Transistor 771
27.3 Current 773
28 Miscellaneous 781-785
28.1 Data Science 781
28.2 Data Mining 783
28.3 Blockchain and Bitcoin 783
29 ICT in Banking Sector 786-801
29.1 Introduction 786
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTIONCOMPACT IT

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29.2 ATM Card 789

29.3 Bitcoin 793
29.4 Switching Software 798
29.5 Agent Banking 801
Previous Year Exam Questions
30 Bank Pattern 802-878
1 Bangladesh Bank, Assistant Programmer- 2023 802
2 Bangladesh Bank, Assistant Maintenance Engineer- 2023 805
3 Bangladesh Bank, Assistant Maintenance Engineer- 2017 809
4 Bangladesh Bank, Assistant Maintenance Engineer- 2016 811
5 Bangladesh Bank, Assistant Programmer- 2016 812
6 Combined Bank, Assistant Programmer- 2024 814
7 Combined Bank, AME/Assistant Engineer (IT)- 2024 815
8 Sonali Bank PLC, Assistant Database Administrator- 2024 823
9 Combined Bank, Senior Officer (IT)- 2024 828
10 Combined 2 Bank (Sonali & Janata), Officer IT- 2024 836
11 Combined Bank, Assistant Programmer- 2023 845
12 Combined Bank, Senior Officer (IT)- 2023 847
13 Sonali & Janata Bank, Officer (IT)- 2023 854
14 Rupali Bank Ltd., Assistant Network Engineer- 2023 857
15 Combined Bank, AME/Assistant Hardware Engineer- 2023 864
16 Pubali Bank Limited, Hardware Engineer- 2023 868
17 Pubali Bank Limited, Software Quality Assurance- 2023 870
18 Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd., Officer (Software Engineer)- 2019 873
19 Dutch Bangla Bank, Assistant Network/ Hardware Engineer- 2019 877
31 BUET Pattern 879-904
1 NWPGCL, Assistant Manager (ICT)- 2024 879
2 BPDB; Assistant Engineer (CSE)- 2024 879
3 PGCB; Assistant Engineer (CSE)- 2024 883
4 Titas Gas; Assistant Engineer (CSE)- 2024 885
5 BPDB; Assistant Engineer (CSE)- 2023 887
6 BAPEX; Assistant General Manager (ICT)- 2023 894
7 BTCL; Assistant Manager (Technical)- 2023 898
8 DESCO; Assistant Engineer (CSE)- 2022 899
9 NESCO; Assistant Manager (ICT)- 2021 902
10 NESCO; Assistant Manager (MIS & ICT)- 2018 904
32 BPSC Pattern 905-944
th
1 45 BCS; Written (CSE-971)- 2024 905
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2 45th BCS; Written Technical Cadre (ICT-281)- 2024 917

3 BPSC (Multiple Ministry); Assistant Programmer (CSE)- 2023 924
4 BPSC (Multiple Ministry); Assistant Programmer (ICT)- 2023 928
5 BPSC (Security Services Division); AME- 2021 932
6 BPSC (Ministry of Home Affairs); Assistant Engineer- 2022 936
7 BPSC (Ministry of Home Affairs); Assistant Database Administrator- 2022 940
33 NTRCA Pattern 945-973
th
1 18 NTRCA; College Lecturer (ICT)- 2024 945
2 17th NTRCA; Lecturer (ICT); Written Exam (CSE)- 2023 949
3 17th NTRCA; Lecturer (ICT); Written Exam (ICT)- 2023 957
4 16th NTRCA; Lecturer Computer (College)- 2019 963
5 16th NTRCA; Lecturer ICT (College)- 2019 969
34 Others Pattern 974-978
1 BREB; Assistant Programmer- 2023 974
2 BCC; Assistant Programmer- 2023 974
3 BITAC; Assistant Programmer- 2023 978
4 DESCO; Assistant Engineer- 2023 978
35 M. Sc. Admission 979-982
1 BUET M.Sc. Admission; Department of CSE; May: 2019 979
2 BUET M.Sc Admission; Department of CSE: 2018 980
3 BUET M.Sc Admission; Department of ICT: 2018 980
4 BUET M.Sc. Admission; Department of CSE; October: 2017 981
5 Jagannath University; M.Sc. Admission; Department of CSE: 2019 982
6 Jahangirnagar University; M.Sc. Admission; Department of CSE: 2016 982
7 Jahangirnagar University; M.Sc. Admission; Department of CSE: 2015 982
36 Subject wise Important Topics 984
37 Reference 986

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 Computer Fundamentals
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Computer Fundamentals
Computer Generation & Types
 What is Computer Generation? Describe the characteristics of different generations of
computers. [18th NTRCA School 2024]
 What is OCR? Write down the difference between OCR and OMR. [NPCNL, JAM 2022]
 Name and define the components of a computer system. Mention two optical input devices.
[BPSC, ADA 2022]
 What do understand by the resolution of computer screen? [BPSC, AP 2022]
 What are the components of a Micro-computer system? [BPSC, ADA 2022]
 Explain Impact Printer Non-impact printer. [Bank SO(AME) 2021]
 Distinguish between OMR and MICR. [BB AME 2016]
 Suppose you are entering data into computer but facing some problem with your monitor. You
need to buy a new monitor. What factor should you consider in case of monitor? [BB AME 2016]

Computer
A computer is a general purpose electronic device that is used to perform arithmetic and
logical operations automatically. A computer consists of a central processing unit and some
form of memory. A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as
input and processes it with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the result as output.
COMPUTER stands for “Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological
and Educational Research”.
The development of computers has gone through different generations, each generation
marked by significant advancements in terms of technology and architecture. These
generations are classified as follows:
 First generation
 Second generation
 Third generation
 Fourth generation
 Fifth generation
First Generation Computers (1946-1959)
The first generation computers were slow, huge and expensive. In these computers, vacuum
tubes were used as the basic components of CPU and memory. These computers were mainly
depended on batch operating system and punch cards. Magnetic tape and paper tape were
used as output and input devices in this generation. Some of the popular first generation
computers are:
 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
 EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
 UNIVACI (Universal Automatic Computer)
Second Generation (1959-1965)
Transistor based, AC required, Supported machine and assembly languages.
 IBM-1620
 IBM-7094
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COMPACT IT Written P a ge | 2
 Programming in C
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT I

Programming in C
 What is the difference of the following: getc (), getchar (), getch () and getche ()? [45th
BCS, ICT 2024]
 What is the difference between Null and Void? [BCC AP 2023]
 What is the difference between sizeof c+1 and sizeof (c+1)? [BPSC AP 2023]
 Local variable এবং Global variable এর মধ্যে পার্ থক্য লিখুন। [17th NTRCA(CSE) 2023]
 Write about the syntax of function. [BARC Programmer 2023]
 Distinguish between Compiler and Interpreter with example. [BPSC ADA, AP 2022; 40th
BCS, PGCB SAE (CSE) 2021; 40th BCS 2020; BCC Programmer 2019]
 Formatted Input/output Statement Kv‡K e‡j? Key-Board ‡_‡K wKfv‡e input ‡bqv hvq? %d Gi A_©
Kx? [BPSC ANE 2020]
 What are the main objectives of structured programming? Write two advantages of
structured programming. [SPARRSO 2020]
 Difference between getch() and getche(). [BBL AM (ICT) 2019]
 Write down the role of a linker. [BUET M.Sc. May-2016]

Introduction
C is a general-purpose programming language that is extremely popular, simple and flexible. It is
machine-independent, structured programming language which is used extensively in various
applications. In 1972, a great computer scientist Dennis Ritchie created a programming language
called 'C' at the Bell Laboratories. It was created from 'ALGOL', 'BCPL' and 'B' programming
languages. 'C' programming language contains all the features of these languages and many more
additional concepts that make it unique from other languages.

Features of C language
 It is a robust language with rich set of built-in functions and operators that can be
used to write any complex program.
 The C compiler combines the capabilities of an assembly language with features of a
high-level language.
 Programs written in C are efficient and fast. This is due to its variety of data type and
powerful operators.
 C is highly portable which means that programs written once can be run on another
machine with little or no modification.
 A C program is basically a collection of functions that are supported by C library. We
can also create our own function and add it to C library.
 C language is the most widely used language in operating systems and embedded
system development today.

C Program Structure
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("Hello,World"); //single line comment
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 Object-Oriented Programming
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Object-Oriented Programming
OOP Features
 What is Polymorphism? Discuss about different types of Polymorphism with example?
[Combined Bank, AP 2024]
 Write the differences between structured programming and object-oriented programming.
[45th BCS CSE 2024; Bank SO(AME) 2021]
 Write down the advantages of OOP over traditional structured programming language.
[Combined Bank Officer(IT) 2023]
 What is the diamond problem of multiple Inheritance in C++? [BPSC AP 2023]
 কী কী ধারণার উপর ভিভি করর OOP প্রভিভিি? ধারণাগুর া ব্যাখ্যা করুন। [17th NTRCA(CSE) 2023]
 উদাহরণসহ Class এবং Object এর মরে পার্ থকয ব্যাখ্যা করুন । [17th NTRCA(CSE), (ICT) 2023]
 Inheritance কী? উদাহরণসহ ব্যাখ্যা করুন। [17th NTRCA(CSE) 2023]
 Write down the Principle of OOP. What is Polymorphism? Write the name of 3 OOP
language. [DESCO SAE 2023; 40th BCS 2021]
 How many classes can be used in Hybrid Inheritance? [BCC AP 2023]
 What is virtual function with example? [BITAC AP 2023]
 Define Method Overloading and Method Overriding with examples. [BPSC AP, 17th
NTRCA(ICT) 2023; Bank SO(AME), RAKUB Programmer, BPSC AME 2021; NU AP 2020]
 What is Polymorphism? Java language Gi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| [BTCL, JAM 2022]
 What are the various Access Specification in C++? Explain their purpose with are example.
[BPSC, ADA 2022]
 Object Oriented Programming Gi ‡h‡Kvb `ywU ˆewkó¨ D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Kiæb| [BPSC AP 2021]
 Object Oriented Programming G Static binding and Dynamic binding wK? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
[BPSC AP 2021
 Write the definition of Inheritance, Polymorphism with coding example. [Combined Bank, AP 2021]
 Procedural Oriented I Object Oriented Programming Languages g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK? Dfq
Language Gi 2wU K‡i D`vniY w`b| [BPSC AP 2021]
 Inheritance is one of important issues for any object oriented programming language.
The main advantage of Inheritance is the ability to reuse the code. Explain in brief
different types of Inheritance. [Combined Bank, Officer(IT) 2020]
 Briefly Describe Abstraction, Encapsulation. [BCC Programmer 2019]
 What do you mean by Polymorphism and Inheritance in object oriented programming
(OOP)? Give appropriate example. [PBL SO 2018]

Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages that uses objects in

programming. Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like
inheritance, hiding, polymorphism etc. in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind
together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can
access this data except that function.

Advantages of OOP over traditional structured programming language:

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) offers several advantages over traditional structured
programming languages. Here are some of the key benefits of OOP:
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 Data Communication & Computer Networking
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/n Mask /n Mask /n Mask /n Mask

/1 128.0.0.0 /9 255.128.0.0 /17 255.255.128.0 /25 255.255.255.128
/2 192.0.0.0 /10 255.192.0.0 /18 255.255.192.0 /26 255.255.255.192
/3 224.0.0.0 /11 255.224.0.0 /19 255.255.224.0 /27 255.255.255.224
/4 240.0.0.0 /12 255.240.0.0 /20 255.255.240.0 /28 255.255.255.240
/5 248.0.0.0 /13 255.248.0.0 /21 255.255.248.0 /29 255.255.255.248
/6 252.0.0.0 /14 255.252.0.0 /22 255.255.252.0 /30 255.255.255.252
/7 254.0.0.0 /15 255.254.0.0 /23 255.255.254.0 /31 255.255.255.254
/8 255.0.0.0 /16 255.255.0.0 /24 255.255.255.0 /32 255.255.255.255

Example 01: Find the class of the address: 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
Solution:
The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C address.

Example 02: In IP address 192.168.0.128/26 what is the subnet mask, network IP, broadcast
IP, first usable IP and last usable IP address?
Solution:
Network bit: 26
Host bit: 32-6 =6 = (111111)2 = (63)10 = (00000000.0000000.0000000.00111111)
Number of Total IP: 2^6 = 64
Number of host/devices: 2^6-2 =64-2= 62
Network IP Address: 192.168.0.128
+ 63
Broadcast IP Address: 192.168.0.191
Network bit=26 Host bit=6
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 = (11111111|11111111|11111111|11000000)

Network IP= 192.168.0.128

1st (Usable) IP= 192.168.0.129 255 255 255 192
2nd (Usable) IP= 192.168.0.130
…………….
…………….
Last (Usable) IP= 192.168.0.190
Broadcast IP= 192.168.0.191

Example 03: Given IP Address: 192.168.5.154/27, Calculate a) Network Address b) First

valid host c) Last valid host d) Broadcast address e) Subnet mask
Solution:
Given IP Address: 192.168.5.154
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 Operating System
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 Internal Fragmentation: Internal fragmentation is the unused space within a partition.

Calculate the internal fragmentation for each partition:
o Partition 1: 256 KB−100 KB=156 KB
o Partition 2: 256 KB−250 KB=6 KB
o Partition 3: 256 KB−0 KB=256 KB (Empty due to process P3 not fitting)
o Partition 4: 256 KB−50 KB=206 KB
Total internal fragmentation:
Total Internal Fragmentation=156 KB+6 KB+256 KB+206 KB=624 KB
 Memory Utilization: Calculate the memory utilization percentage:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑦
Memory Utilization= × 100
Total Memory Size
Total allocated memory: 100+250+0+50=400 KB
400 𝐾𝐵
Memory Utilization=1,024 KB ×100=39.06%

Example (Dynamic-Partition Allocation): Suppose we have a memory of size 600 KB.

Four processes arrive in the following order: P1 (200 KB), P2 (300 KB), P3 (100 KB), and
P4 (150 KB). The memory is allocated using the First-Fit strategy.
Solution:
 Memory Allocation:
o P1 (200 KB) → Allocated at the start (free space left = 400 KB)
o P2 (300 KB) → Allocated next (free space left = 100 KB)
o P3 (100 KB) → Allocated next (free space left = 0 KB)
o P4 (150 KB) → cannot be allocated as there is no free space large enough.
 External Fragmentation: External fragmentation occurs when there is enough free
memory space overall but not enough contiguous space to accommodate a process. Since
P4 cannot be allocated, the entire free space of 0 KB is external fragmentation in this case.
 Memory Utilization: Calculate the memory utilization percentage:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑦
Memory Utilization= Total Memory Size
×100
Total allocated memory: 200+300+100=600 KB
600 𝐾𝐵
Memory Utilization=600 KB ×100 =100%
Example 11: How many total bits are required for a direct mapped cache with 16KB of data
and 4-word blocks? Assuming a 32 bit address? [Combined 2 Bank, Officer (IT) 2024]
Solution:
Step 1: Calculate the Number of Blocks
Given:
 Cache size = 16 KB = 16×1024bytes = 16,384 bytes
 Block size = 4 words per block
Assuming each word is 4 bytes (32 bits), the block size is:
4 words×4 bytes/word=16
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 Circuit Analysis
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Circuit Analysis
 Which Transformer is used in computer? [BRiCM AME 2024]
 What is the name of AC current to DC current? [BRiCM AME 2024]
 Justify" Invention of Transistor changed the world." [SB PCL, ADBA 2024]
 Mention the differences between electric field and magnetic field. [45th BCS, ICT 2024]
 Describe the important characteristics of digital IC’s. [Combined Bank AME/AHE 2023]

Circuit analysis is the process of determining the voltages across, and the currents through,
all the components in an electrical circuit. It is essential for designing and understanding how
electrical circuits function. Circuit analysis uses various techniques and principles based on
electrical laws, such as Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws, to find unknown quantities like
voltage, current, and resistance.

Basic Concepts of Circuit Analysis

 Circuit Elements:
 Resistor (R): A component that resists the flow of electric current, creating a voltage drop.
 Capacitor (C): A component that stores energy in an electric field and can release it
over time.
 Inductor (L): A component that stores energy in a magnetic field, resisting changes in current.
 Voltage Source: Supplies a constant voltage.
 Current Source: Supplies a constant current.
 Nodes: A point in a circuit where two or more circuit elements are connected.
 Branches: A path that connects two nodes and contains at least one circuit element.
 Loops: A closed path in a circuit where no node is encountered more than once.
 Mesh: A loop that does not enclose any other loop.
Fundamental Laws in Circuit Analysis
 Ohm’s Law: States that the voltage (V) across a resistor is directly proportional to the
current (I) flowing through it:
V=IR
where, R is the resistance.
Example 01: A resistor with a resistance of 10Ω is connected across a 20V battery. What is
the current flowing through the circuit?
Solution: Using Ohm's Law:
V=I×R
Rearrange the formula to solve for I:
V
I=R
Now, substitute the values:

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 ICT in Banking Sector
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ICT in Banking Sector

 Make a list of banking software used in Bangladesh. List the essential features for
successful Banking Software and Apps. [Combined Bank, Officer (IT) 2020]
 How would you test an ATM in a banking system? [BB, Combined 5 Bank AME 2019]
 Write down the use case diagram for ATM. [CB AP 2018]

In Banks, many software is used for various purposes. The software used for opening bank
account by deposit and loan customers and recording their transactions is called Core
Banking Software. For managing ATM and POS network, a Switching Software is needed.
For credit card issuance and transaction authorization, Credit Card Software is used. Payment
Gateway Software is used for settlement of e-commerce transactions. A Mobile Banking
Software may be used for opening mobile account and recording such transactions.

 Core Banking Software

Core operations of a Bank includes maintaining a ledger of various transactions, keeping
customer information, interest calculation of loans and deposits, adjustments to accounts on
withdrawal and deposits of funds etc. Previously these operations were done manually.

 BACH
BACH (Bangladesh Automated Clearing House) is an electronic clearing system used in
Bangladesh's banking sector to process transactions such as the clearing of checks and
electronic fund transfers. It was introduced to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of
inter-bank transactions, replacing the traditional manual clearing process. BACH consists of
two main components:
 BACPS (Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System):
o Cheque Clearing: BACPS processes checks electronically using imaging
technology, where checks are scanned, and the images are shared among banks for
clearing, significantly reducing the time required for check settlement.
o Reduced Clearing Time: The system operates with multiple clearing cycles
throughout the day, speeding up the settlement process.
o Efficiency & Accuracy: The digital approach minimizes the risk of human errors,
fraud, and delays.
 BEFTN (Bangladesh Electronic Funds Transfer Network):
o Electronic Transfers: BEFTN facilitates the transfer of funds between banks
electronically, enabling seamless transactions like salary disbursements, utility
payments, and supplier payments.
o Real-Time Transactions: It supports faster, reliable, and secure transactions,
promoting the digitalization of the financial ecosystem.
o Wider Reach: It has expanded the reach of electronic fund transfers to consumers
and businesses alike, contributing to financial inclusion.
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 Previous Year Exam Questions
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Bangladesh Bank
Assistant Programmer
Exam: 03.02.2023 (BIBM)

1. Consider a hash table of size 13 strong entries with integer keys. Suppose the hash
function is h (k) = k mod 13. Insert in the given order entries with keys 10, 3, 6, 16, 17,
19 in to the hash table using linear probing to resolve collisions. Show all the work.
Answer: To insert entries with keys 10, 3, 6, 16, 17, 19 into a hash table of size 13 using
linear probing to resolve collisions, we follow these steps:
 Initialize an array of size 13 with all entries set to NULL.
 For each entry to be inserted, compute its hash value using the hash function h(k) = k mod 13.
 If the computed hash value is empty (i.e., the corresponding entry in the array is NULL),
insert the entry at that position.
 If the computed hash value is not empty, use linear probing to find the next available
position. Starting from the computed hash value, probe successive positions in the array
until an empty position is found.
 Insert the entry at the first empty position found.
The table below shows the steps to insert the given entries:
Entry Hash value Position Status Final position
10 10 mod 13 = 10 10 NULL 10
3 3 mod 13 = 3 3 NULL 3
6 6 mod 13 = 6 6 NULL 6
16 16 mod 13 = 3 3 3 4
17 17 mod 13 = 4 4 NULL 4
19 19 mod 13 = 6 6 6 7
Note that the hash values for entries 3, 6, and 19 are all different, so they are inserted at their
corresponding hash positions. However, the hash values for entries 16 and 17 collide with the
hash value of entry 3, so they are inserted at the next available positions, which are 4 and
4+1=5, respectively. The final positions of all entries are shown in the "Final position"
column of the table.
2. Describe a man-in the middle attack on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol in
which the adversary generates two public key pairs for the attack.
Answer: [See Chapter Cyber Sceurity, Section Types of Cyber Attacks]
3. Given two integers A and B as input write a program to compute the least common
multiple of A and B.
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section C Programming Problem & Solve, No: 08]
4. Given an adjacency list representation for a complete binary tree on 7 vertices.
Given an equivalent adjacency matrix representation. Assume that vertices are
numbered from 1 to 7 as in a binary heap.
Answer: [See Chapter Data Structure and Algorithm, Section Graph, Example: 18]
5. Consider the following code:
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 Previous Year Exam Questions
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Combined Bank
Assistant Programmer
Exam: 09.02.2024 (BIBM)

[Departmental Questions 10×15 = 150 and Non-departmental = 50]

1. Write a Program Prime number print from 1 to n.
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section C Programming Problem & Solve, No: 01]
2. Write a Program Floyds triangle n=5
1
01
101
0101
10101
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section C Programming Problem & Solve, No: 85]
3. Write a C Program Find sum of the series: 1+2+4+7+11+...........+N
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section C Programming Problem & Solve, No: 34]
4. What is Polymorphism? Discuss about different types of Polymorphism with example?
Answer: [See Chapter Object-Oriented Programming, Section- OOP Features]
5. What is Multithreading programming? Why Multithreading used in programming?
Answer: [See Chapter Object-Oriented Programming, Section Java Programming]
6. Discuss about different types of relations in DBMS.
Answer: [See Chapter Database Management System, Section Degree of Relationship]
7. Difference between Stack and Queue. Write about 2 problems solved by stack and queue.
Answer: [See Chapter Data Structure and Algorithm, Section Stack & Queue]
8. Output find out from recursion:
#include <stdio.h>
void fun(int x){ Output:
if(x<0){ 5
return;
} 3
printf("%d\n",x--); 1
fun(--x); -1
printf("%d\n",x); 1
}
int main() { 3
fun(5);
return 0;
}
9. Which you build about real life software project? What problems you faced during
that time and how to solve this?
10. Database query:
(i) Group by
(ii) Average Salary
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45th BCS; Written (CSE-971); Exam: 31.01.2024

[N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.]
Part: I
(Answer all of the following questions) Marks-25×4 =100
1. (a) Define problem solving technique. Write the differences between structured
programming and object-oriented programming. 5
Answer: Programming problem-solving techniques refer to systematic approaches or
methodologies used by programmers to analyze, understand, and solve software development
challenges efficiently and effectively. These techniques help programmers break down
complex problems into smaller, more manageable components, identify potential solutions, and
implement them using programming languages and tools. Here are some key aspects of
programming problem-solving techniques:
 Understanding the Problem
 Divide and Conquer
 Algorithm Design
 Data Structures
 Coding and Implementation
 Testing and Debugging
 Optimization and Refinement
 Documentation and Communication:
Differences between structured programming and object-oriented programming:
[See Chapter Object-Oriented programming]
(b) How can we initialize 1-D array? How can we pass the array to a function in C? 5
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section- C Array]
(c) Write a C program to sum all digits of a 5-digit number. Draw the flowchart of this program.
Answer: 10
[See Chapter Programming in C, Section- C Programming Problem & Solve, No: 03]
(d) What is assembly language? Write its features. Write a program in assembly
language to add and multiply two numbers. 5
Answer: Assembly language, type of low-level computer programming language consisting
mostly of symbolic equivalents of a particular computer’s machine language. Computers
produced by different manufacturers have different machine languages and require different
assemblers and assembly languages.
Features of assembly language: The following are the characteristics of the assembly language:
 It may use a mnemonic rather than a numeric operation code, and it also reports any code faults.
 Using this language to specify the symbolic operand eliminates the requirement to provide
the operand’s machine address. It is possible to represent it with a symbol. The data can be
declared using decimal notation.
Assembly language to add and multiply two numbers:
section .data
number1 dd 10;
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 Previous Year Exam Questions
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18th NTRCA; College Lecturer (ICT); Exam: 13.07.2024

1. (ক) C ভাষায় e¨eüZ বিবভন্ন ধরনের Data Type ির্ ণো করুে। ৬
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section- Data Type]
(খ) একটি ধোত্বক c~Y© সংখ্যার Factorial বের্ ণনয়র C program বিখুে। ৪
Answer: [See Chapter Programming in C, Section- Recursion (i)]
2. (ক) Friend Function কী? উহার সুবিধা অসুবিধাগুনিা বিখুে। ৫
Answer: [See Chapter Object-Oriented Programming, Section- Pointer & Reference]
Benefits of friend function:
 A friend function is used to access the non-public members of a class.
 It allows generating more efficient code.
 It provides additional functionality which is not normally used by the class.
 It allows sharing private class information by a non member function.
 It is used when two or more classes may contain members that are interrelated relative to
others parts of the program.
Disadvantages of friend function:
 A derived class does not inherit friend function.
 Friend functions can not have a storage class specify i.e. they cannot be declared as
static or extern.
(খ) Function/Method Overloading উদাহরর্সহ ব্যাখ্যা করুে। ৫
Answer: Function Overloading is defined as the process of having two or more function with
the same name, but different in parameters is known as function overloading. In function
overloading, the function is redefined by using either different types of arguments or a different
number of arguments. It is only through these differences compiler can differentiate between
the functions. C++ Function Overloading example is given below:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cal {
public:
static int add(int a,int b){
return a + b;
}
static int add(int a, int b, int c){
return a + b + c;
}
};
int main(void) {
Cal C; //class object declaration
cout<<C.add(10, 20)<<endl;
cout<<C.add(12, 20, 23);
return 0;
}
Output:
30
55
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTIONCOMPACT IT

COMPACT IT Written P a ge | 9 4 5
 Previous Year Exam Questions
COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTIONCOMPACT IT

me©‡kl AbywôZ 29wU wi‡Ub cÖ‡kœi welqwfwËK cÖkœ we‡kølY

Different Patterns
No Subject
BUET BPSC BIBM/MIST Own Others
1 Programming 13 6 8 13 1
2 Data Structure 12 4 5 5
3 Database 6 1 7 7
Data Communication &
4 8 12 30 6 3
Networking
5 Software Engineering 6 1 4 3
Computer Organization &
6 4 2 7 1 1
Architecture
7 Operating System 3 6 4 1
8 Linux 2 1 1
9 Digital Electronics 4 2 3 2 1
Security, IoT, AI, Cloud
10 16 2 17 3 1
Computing
11 Others 10 2 3 1
8.
me©‡kl AbywôZ 11wU cixÿvi wi‡Ub cÖ‡kœi welqwfwËK cÖkœ we‡kølY Combined Bank-

Combined Bank-

Combined Bank-

Combined Bank-

RAKUB-ANSE
Rupali Bank-
Officer (IT)

AME, AHE
(CSE+ICT)
BPSC- AP
BB- AME

SO (IT)

BITAC
BB-AP

BPDB

ANE
AP

No Subject

1 Programming 2 3 7 1 1 3 1 2
Data Structure &
2 2 1 5 3 1
Algorithm
3 Database 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Data Communication &
4 1 4 1 9 2 4 6 10 1 2 5
Networking
5 Software Engineering 1 1 1 2 1 1
Computer Organization
6 1 2 2 2 2 1
& Architecture
7 Operating System 2 4 1 1
8 Linux 2
9 Digital Electronics 2
Security, IoT, AI,
10 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1
Cloud Computing
11 Others 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1

COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTION COMPACT IT JOB SOLUTIONCOMPACT IT

COMPACT IT Written P a ge | 9 8 3