TABLE OF CONTENTS

WELCOMING LETTER 2

GENERAL RULES 3
SCOPE 3
LANGUAGE 3
DRESS CODE 3
DELEGATE 3
COURTESY 3
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 3
PARTICIPATION 4
SECRETARIAT AND SECRETARY GENERAL 4
USE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES 4
BOARD OF DAIS 4

DEBATE 5
QUORUM 5
ROLL CALL 5
GENERAL SPEAKERS’ LIST (GSL) 5
OPEN THE FLOOR 6
MOTIONS 6
POINTS 7
ORDER OF DISRUPTIVENESS 8

RELEVANT DOCUMENTS 8
POSITION PAPER (POSPAP) 8
WORKING PAPER (WP) 9
DRAFT RESOLUTION (DR) 9
AMENDMENTS 9

VOTING PROCEDURES 10
PROCEDURAL VOTING 10
SUBSTANTIVE VOTING 10
ROLL CALL VOTE 10
VOTE BY ACCLAMATION 10

DOCUMENT SAMPLES 11
POSITION PAPER 11
DRAFT RESOLUTION 14

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 WELCOMING LETTER

Dear distinguished delegates,

It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the Asia Youth International Model United
Nations 2022. We are delighted to realize the first iteration of International Global Network’s
hybrid conference.

It is certainly surreal, but it has been close to two years since the pandemic started in
March 2020. I believe that most of us may have been in limbo during this difficult time.
Many of us may have experienced great losses—opportunities, jobs, or even close ones. In a
way, this incident taught us to spend more time with ourselves and reflect on many things
about the future. This sudden change made us question life after the pandemic—or if there
will even be any. It hasn’t been easy, has it?

In the midst of all the problems that have arisen or exacerbated due to the pandemic,
the time has come for us to find a way out. While these times are certainly difficult, we must
not stand idly by. Through collective efforts and joint-collaboration, together we can find the
optimum solution to many world problems. Through being present at this conference, you are
taking your first step towards being an agent of change—and I applaud you for that!

While the pandemic situation is still very unpredictable, we are glad that we can host
some of you offline in Bali. For those of you who are joining us in the online format, I
certainly hope that you also have the same great experience and maybe even meet us in-
person when time permits. Whether online or offline, do try to put your best foot forward!

Aside from doing your due diligence as a delegate, do remember to network with
other delegates and have a lot of fun! This is the time for you not only to discuss some of the
world’s most pressing issues, but also link with like-minded youths to scale up your impact.
As the United Nations Secretary General, António Guterres said, “All our hopes for a better
world rest on young people”.

See all of you very soon!

Warm regards,

Theresia Theofanny

Secretary General of Asia Youth International MUN 2022

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 GENERAL RULES

SCOPE
Any delegate attending the Asia Youth International Model United Nations
(AYIMUN) will need this guide. With the exception of rules provided by the board of dais,
which will always take precedence in the event of a conflict, no other rules of procedure
apply.

LANGUAGE
The session’s official working language will be English. Speeches, statements,
motions, and points must all be delivered in English; no other language will be permitted
during the meetings.

DRESS CODE
The official dress code for all sessions is formal attire. A formal shirt, blazer, neat
buttoned shirt, and trousers are all examples of formal attire for men. A formal dress or a neat
shirt and formal skirt are examples of formal attire for women.

DELEGATE
Each Member State will be represented by one delegate in each council and will have
only one vote. For the online conference, delegates can vote using the raise hand feature in
Zoom. For the offline conference, delegates vote through the given placard. Delegates must
always refer to themselves in the third person, or in the first-person plural, by the name of the
state or country they are representing. These include statements like “We agree,” “Cambodia
agrees,” and “The Delegate of Cambodia agrees,” for example, but not “I agree.” Delegates
must be reminded at all times that they are there to represent and convey the interest of their
allocated country, hence they should restrain from personal opinions or agendas.

COURTESY
Delegates should show courtesy and respect to the Board of Dais, secretariat, and
fellow delegates.

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The AYIMUN 2022 does not allow pre-written draft resolutions, working papers, or
amendments. Any reports of this issue will be investigated by the secretariat, and the
perpetrators would be subjected to disciplinary actions. As for plagiarism, all submitted
documents will be checked for plagiarism. All documents have a maximum threshold of
similarity index of 20%. Failure to meet the similarity index will have an impact on document
decisions.

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PARTICIPATION
Participation in all consecutive committee sessions is required of all delegates.
Delegates who do not adhere to the entire agenda during the conference will not be
acknowledged and will be ineligible for the award.

SECRETARIAT AND SECRETARY GENERAL

All of the committees’ staff will be directed by the Secretariat and the Secretary
General. The Secretariat can make written or oral statements to the committee at any time.

USE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES

● Online Conference
For those of you who are joining the online conference, you are permitted to
use your electronic devices to support your participation (laptop is highly
recommended). Electronic devices can be used to conduct more research and are
particularly necessary to create conference documents (working paper, draft
resolution, amendments). However, please be mindful and use your devices only
for conference-related purposes. Direct communication with other delegates during
formal sessions can be done through Zoom chat or Whatsapp.

● Offline Conference
All delegates are recommended to bring their electronic devices to the
conference (laptop is highly recommended). Electronic devices can be used to
conduct more research and are particularly necessary to create conference documents
(working paper, draft resolution, amendments). However, the use of electronic
devices during the formal debate is strictly prohibited with the exception of
breaks, unmoderated caucus, and presentation of draft resolution. Otherwise,
delegates are expected to mute and turn off their devices and pay attention to the
ongoing discussion. Communication with other delegates during formal sessions can
be done through note-passing instead. Henceforth, delegates are welcome to bring
sticky notes or its substitutes to ease this process.

BOARD OF DAIS
The Chairs are bound by these rules and report to the Secretary-General in the
performance of their responsibilities. In front of the Assembly, the Chairs have equal
authority, and their cooperation is governed by internal secretariat rules that apply to all staff
members. At any formal meeting, the Chair (any reference to the "Chair" hereafter includes
both staff members) will have complete control over the proceedings and ensure that these
rules are followed. The Chair will, in particular, announce the meeting's start and end times,
direct discussion, grant the right to speak, allow questions, announce decisions, and rule on
points of order. Any procedural motion to which there are no significant objections may also
be proposed by the Chair. The Chair reserves the right to take appropriate action if any
delegates engage in disruptive or dilatory behavior. The Chair may direct discussion to a
limited extent at their discretion, but it is expected that the delegates, not the Chair, will lead
the debate. In the event that these rules do not cover a procedural issue, the Chair will make a

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decision that is consistent with the spirit of the rules. In this case, the chair will inform the
council that this rule will be used. The Chair’s decisions under this rule are subject to appeal.

DEBATE

QUORUM
When at least one-quarter of the council members are present, the Director may
declare a committee session open. A representative who is officially registered in the council
is referred to as a member of the council.

ROLL CALL
The Chair will conduct a roll call in alphabetical order at the start of each committee
session. Delegates must establish their presence in one of the two ways listed below:
● Present and voting: they can vote “in favor/yes” or “against/no” in substantive
matters, without any possibility to pass or abstain.
● Present: they can vote “in favor/yes”, “against/no”, abstain and pass on substantive
matters.
Following roll call, the Chair will announce the simple and two-thirds majority
requirements, as well as the minimum number of signatories required for the submission and
amendment of a Draft Resolution. Delegates who arrive during or after the roll call must
notify the Chair by sending notes indicating whether they are “present” or “present and
voting.”

GENERAL SPEAKERS’ LIST (GSL)

The council will proceed directly to the general speakers’ list because there is only
one topic set for each committee. Delegates should speak broadly about the subject matter
under consideration. Those delegates who want to be added to the list will be invited by the
Chair. Each speaker’s default speaking time is one minute and thirty seconds. Delegates
can use their remaining time in one of three ways if there is time left:
● Yield to another delegate: The remaining time will be yielded to the delegate
designated by the Speaker, who will have the option of accepting or declining the
yield. The time is automatically returned to the Chair if the delegate does not accept.
This yield is only applicable if there is at least 15 seconds left on the clock.
● Yield to questions: The remaining time will be yielded to questions from other
delegates. When a speaking delegate opens themselves to questions, other delegates
may raise their placards and the Chair can recognize delegates who get to ask the
questions. The speaker is not obliged to answer the questions directed at them. This
yield is only applicable if there is at least 15 seconds left on the clock.
● Yielding to the chair: The remaining time will elapse and the committee will move
into the next speaker in the list. This yield will be automatically applied if there is
less than 15 seconds left on the clock.

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OPEN THE FLOOR
Once the Chair has deemed the GSL sufficient for the time being, the Chair will open
the floor to points and motions. Delegates who wish to propose any points or motions shall
raise their virtual hand or placards and wait to be recognized by the Chair before stating them.
The Chair may recognize three motions at once, however only one motion can pass each time.

MOTIONS
Delegates propose motions to guide the debate, such as proposing specific topics for
the council to discuss. A simple majority is required to pass the motion. There are a few
different motions that are used:
● Motion for a moderated caucus (MC)
The moderated caucus begins with delegates raising a motion that specifies the
specific topic to be discussed, the total time allotted for discussion, and the speaking
time allotted to each speaker. The proposer can choose whether they want to speak
first or last in the list. Afterwards, the Chair will invite other delegates who wish to
speak on the motion. During a moderated caucus, moving around the room, cross-
talking, or conversing with other delegates is strictly prohibited. Communication with
other delegates or the Chair can be done through note-passing. This motion requires
a simple majority to pass and has a maximum total time of 20 minutes and
speaking time of 2 minutes.

● Motion for an unmoderated caucus (UMC)

Unmoderated caucus starts with a motion from a delegate to hold an
unmoderated caucus for a set amount of time. There is no need to set a topic or
allotted speaker time for this motion. During an unmoderated caucus, delegates can
move around the room physically or go into breakout rooms to converse, as well as
use their electronic devices. The unmoderated caucus is the optimum time for
delegates to discuss the issues more efficiently, form blocs, and write documents.
During this time, delegates must still communicate in English. This motion requires
a simple majority to pass and has a maximum total time of 20 minutes.

● Motion for a consultation of the whole (COTW)

Consultation of the whole starts with a motion from a delegate requesting to
hold a COTW for a set amount of time. There is no need to set a topic or allotted
speaker time for this motion. During a COTW, the delegate who proposed the motion
will be the first one speaking and technically have no maximum speaking time. The
delegate who wishes to speak after the current delegate has to raise their placard to be
recognized, in which the speaking delegate can choose which delegate to yield their
time to—and this passing of the floor will go on until the time for COTW elapses. No
interruption is allowed during COTW. This motion requires a simple majority to
pass and has a maximum total time of 20 minutes.

● Motion to extend the previous moderated caucus/unmoderated

caucus/consultation of the whole

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 Should the committee deem that the previous time for MC/UMC/COTW is not
sufficient, a delegate may raise the motion to extend the time for previous motion.
The Chair has the discretion to accept or reject this motion. This motion requires a
simple majority to pass and has a maximum total time of half of the initial
motion.

● Motion to introduce a draft resolution

A delegate may raise a motion to introduce a draft resolution once it has
received the required number of sponsors and signatories and has been recognized by
the Chair. At any given time, more than one draft resolution may be on the floor, but
only one draft resolution in a committee may be passed. The Chair has the discretion
to decide the sufficient time for the reading, presentation, as well as the questions and
answer session. This motion requires a simple majority to pass.

● Motion to introduce an amendment

A delegate may raise a motion to introduce an amendment once it has received
the required number of sponsors and signatories and has been recognized by the Chair.
Delegates can submit multiple amendments at the same time as long as the required
number of signatories is met. At any given time, only one amendment proposal may
be proposed. This motion requires a simple majority to pass.

● Motion to close the debate

Once the committee reaches the end of the substantive discussion, the delegate
may propose a motion to close the debate. If this motion passes, the council will move
directly to the voting of the draft resolution. This motion requires a simple majority
to pass.

● Motion to suspend the meeting

Once the time of each committee session has elapsed on the schedule, a
delegate may raise the motion to suspend the meeting—meaning to halt all council
activities until the next scheduled session. This motion requires a simple majority
to pass.

● Motion to adjourn the meeting

Once the voting for draft resolution has been conducted and time of the last
committee session has elapsed, a delegate may raise this motion to officially end all
council activities. This motion requires a simple majority to pass.

POINTS
While the floor is open and when it is not open, the following points are in order.

● Point of personal privilege

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 This point is used when a delegate is unable to participate in the conference
due to personal discomfort, distractions/noise during committee sessions, and so on.
Only if a speaker is inaudible may a point of personal privilege be used to interrupt
them—and delegates should exercise this with extreme caution.
● Point of parliamentary inquiry
This point is used when a delegate has a question about a rule of procedure or
a topic that was not clearly understood during the committee session.
● Point of order
This point is used when a delegate believes that the Chair has made a mistake
regarding the RoP.

ORDER OF DISRUPTIVENESS
In theory, the motion with the greatest impact will be voted on first (i.e. unmoderated
caucus will precede moderated caucus). When two or more motions are similar, the durations
of the motions will determine the order of disruptiveness. Additionally, the minimum number
of speakers who may speak during the caucus determines the moderated caucus.

RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

POSITION PAPER (POSPAP)

Delegates are encouraged to submit a position paper prior to the conference. Position
papers are used not only to prepare delegates for debates within the councils, but also to
allow delegates to express their country’s position on the topic at hand. Delegates can begin
the research process for a position paper by reading the materials presented in the Study
Guide. Delegates may then seek out their country’s perspective on the issue, framing and
summarizing both in a manner that reflects the country’s interests. Delegates may also wish
to review the country’s voting record and/or other supporting documents in order to reaffirm
the country’s position. Delegates can then craft solutions by improving on programs already
in place, or by proposing new solutions based on their own analysis or trends in other
countries dealing with the same issue. A position paper submission is a prerequisite for a
delegate to be considered for an award.
A position paper usually consists of five sections, which include (i) Identification
(Country Name, Flag, Topic, Committee) (ii) Background Issue, (iii) Country Stance, (iv)
Past Actions, and (v) Possible Solutions. However, delegates are free to make some
adjustments on the content if deemed necessary. The writing format for position paper is as
follows:
● Font: Times New Roman, size 12
● Margin: Normal (1 inch/2.54 cm on all sides)
● Number of pages: 1-2 pages maximum
● Citation style: APA in-text 7th edition
● Plagiarism: 20% maximum
● Deadline: 17 May 2022 at 23.59 PM (GMT+7, Jakarta time)

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WORKING PAPER (WP)
Delegates use working paper to present their ideas and information about a topic that
has already been discussed. There is no rigid format nor a limit for the number of WP that
can be submitted. A WP can be submitted by a single delegate or a group of delegates. The
Chair has the discretion to announce the deadline and method of submission—and each WP
will be numbered according to their time of submission. Once the chair has recognized the
WP, delegates raise a moderated caucus to discuss the WP.

DRAFT RESOLUTION (DR)

Draft Resolution must include solutions and content to address the debated issue, as
well as answer the QARMAs (Questions a Resolution Must Answer) listed in the study guide.
There is a rigid format for the DR and the chair may set a maximum number of DR to be
submitted. The DR must have sponsors, signatories, preambulatory and operative clauses in
place. The Chair has the discretion to announce the deadline and method of submission—and
each DR will be numbered according to their time of submission. The minimum number of
signatories is 20% of the total countries in the committee, while the maximum number of
sponsors will be determined by the Chair. After the Chair recognizes the DR, a delegate can
raise a motion to introduce the DR. In the introduction, a reading time, a presentation and a
question and answer session will be entertained with the total time determined by the Chair.
A DR requires a two-thirds majority to pass—and each committee can only pass and
adopt one resolution.

AMENDMENTS
Changes to a DR require the Chair's approval and the signature of at least 20% of the
delegates in each committee. Prior to voting on the draft resolutions, the amendments will be
voted first. There are two types of amendments, friendly or unfriendly amendments. When all
of the DR sponsors agree on an amendment, it is referred to as a friendly amendment and is
automatically adopted. Otherwise, it will be regarded as unfriendly and must be voted upon
by the committee.
There are three actions that can be done in an amendment, which are:
○ Add: Add something new to a draft resolution
○ Modify: Modify a part of the draft resolution
○ Strike: Delete something from the draft resolution
Depending on the flow of debate, chairs may declare the amendment process dilatory
and proceed to voting without amendments. An amendment requires a two-thirds majority
to pass.

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 VOTING PROCEDURES

PROCEDURAL VOTING
Except for voting on draft resolutions and amendments, all voting is considered
procedural. All procedural motions must be voted on by the delegates regardless of their
status and no abstentions are permitted. To pass a motion that requires a simple majority,
there must be more affirmative votes than negative votes. A motion that requires a two-thirds
majority vote to pass must receive affirmative votes from at least two-thirds of the delegates.
The motion will automatically pass or fail if the required number of speakers for or against it
is not reached.

SUBSTANTIVE VOTING
When voting on draft resolutions and amendments, substantive voting is used. After
the motion to close the debate has passed a substantive vote on amendments and DR will take
part subsequently. The council will secure the chamber during substantive voting and no one
is allowed to enter or leave the room during the voting.

ROLL CALL VOTE

A roll call vote is held to determine which draft resolution will be adopted as a
resolution by the council. The Chair will call countries alphabetically, and delegates who are
“present and voting” must vote either “yes”, “no”, “yes with rights” or “no with rights”—
with no possibility of abstention. Delegates who state “present” can cast the same votes with
an addition of “abstain”. Delegates who request a right will be given 30 seconds to explain
their vote.

VOTE BY ACCLAMATION
If there is only one DR that covers the interests of all current member states, the
chairs may encourage a vote by acclamation to expedite the voting process. If this motion is
made, the Chair requests only negative votes by hand raising. If the motion is defeated, the
committee will proceed to a roll call vote.

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 DOCUMENT SAMPLES

POSITION PAPER

Country: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Topic: Reassessing Essential Human Rights towards
Refugees in Developed Countries
Committee: United Nations Human Rights
Committee

Refugees, defined as someone unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin

owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for certain pressing issues, have
unfortunately faced continuous human rights violations, whether in their home or host
countries. The United Nations report has found that the countries pledging to take in and
support the safety of refugees through the accession of the 1951 Refugee Convention and
various other relevant agreements have not exactly been delivering their promises of doing so.
Multi-faceted problems and human rights violations are now on the rise, following the global
refugee crisis with an estimated 79.5 million forcibly displaced people worldwide as of 2019
(UNHCR, 2019). Problems faced consist of the politicization of refugee policies and
restrictions in asylum-seeking such as one in the USA, unequal distribution of refugees
within developed and developing countries, as well as continuous shortfalls and decrease of
funding for UNHCR (Aguilera, 2019; Rankin, 2016; UNHCR, 2018). Apart from said
problems, grieve human rights violations are becoming a major issue in developed countries,
comprising of violence, discrimination, and xenophobic attitudes that are projected not just
by the locals, but also by the government officials and judicial actors in host countries, with
case example being the years-long detention of refugees without a clear basis in Australia,
and the teargassing of and stealing from refugees in France (Doherty, 2018; Dearden, 2017).
All in all, the world is in a serious problem of a global refugee crisis where massive human
rights violations are carried out, and thus urgent steps have to be taken to resolve this massive
issue.
The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the third-largest refugee-producing country in
the world has given its best efforts to aid and relieve the process of asylum for Afghans in
their respective host countries. Following the guidance of UNHCR, Afghanistan has always
been cooperative in collaborating with related actors to assure the safety and well-being of
refugees, as well as mitigating the painful process of the asylum itself. Afghanistan has
created a quadripartite initiative together with UNHCR, Iran, and Pakistan, to facilitate
voluntary repatriation, sustainable reintegration, and provision of aid to host countries since
2012 (UNHCR, 2015). On more recent news, the Afghanistan government together with the
same partners are currently in the process of renewing partnerships and targeting investments
to further address the displacement situation (UNHCR, 2020). Apart from its national interest,
Afghanistan has also shown support in regards to supporting the legal international
instruments on the rights of refugees and IDPs, recalling the 1951 Refugee Convention, the
1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, A/HRC/RES/41/15, A/RES/68/141, and

11
A/RES/71/172. That being said, Afghanistan believes that the problem doesn’t rely on the
lack of guidelines or international agreements, but rather on the conduct and compliance of
state members on the accession of these agreements into their national policies, as well as the
lack of cooperation and fragmented actions in managing the refugees.
To truly tackle this issue, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan proposes two solutions
that cater to the needs and challenges faced by refugees in developed states, with emphasis on
collaboration and cooperation between related stakeholders through an integrated framework
to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the solutions proposed.

Guarding and Retaining the Rights of Refugee (GUARANTEE) Framework

Seeing that even the most fundamental rights of refugees are commonly disregarded or
violated, Afghanistan proposes a framework that serves as a general recommendation to
safeguard the rights of refugees and produce a sustainable outcome through various courses
of actions, such as the provision of a social safety net (SSN), education, and training to
support the livelihood of refugees and satisfy their resettlement needs, which shall be
conducted in cooperation between the home and host countries. This social safety net will
cover the basic needs of refugees through the provisions of cash transfers, healthcare
coverage, and food vouchers. Additionally, vocational training and joint-collaboration with
private and public sectors shall also be established to give refugees opportunities to work and
support themselves in the long run. In the execution of this program, the actors responsible
aside from the UNHRC and governments are the UNHCR, IOM, NGOs, as well as private
and public sectors. The UNHRC is responsible for monitoring and evaluating the fulfillment
of the human rights of refugees, while UNHCR will provide the technicalities and practice in
the field. IOM will be responsible for aiding the refugees in their application processes, as
well as obtaining legal documents needed, while the private and public sectors will be the
ones responsible for providing opportunities for refugees. Lastly, NGOs shall assist the
related actors according to their respective fields to further extend the impact of the
collaboration.

Scaling Up and Increasing Resettlement of Refugees

Noting that the issue of unequal distribution of refugees in host countries and the long
process of asylum admission has become the main issue of the global refugee crisis,
Afghanistan stresses on international and regional cooperation in handling the issue. By
collaborating with related NGOs, the UNHRC together with the UNHCR shall facilitate
member states in scaling up their resettlement programs and evaluating the human rights
conditions of host countries. Firstly, the capacity of host countries shall not be violated to
prevent overflowing and mass-concentration of refugees in only certain countries. In their
respective regional organizations, countries shall agree upon responsibility-sharing in taking
in refugees through establishing a clear percentage and proportion based on the availability of
resources, such as population density and GDP. Secondly, capacity-building measures (CBM)
and human rights training shall be conducted for government officials to accelerate the
response rate of refugees and prevent further acts of human rights violations. Lastly,
monitoring of compliance shall be done within the national and regional level to ensure better
effectiveness and actualization of the conduct.

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 Though this issue is certainly a complex one to solve, the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan believes that through international cooperation from every state member, the
United Nations can come together and not only address, but also preserve the essential human
rights towards refugees in developed countries.

References

Aguilera, J. (2019, July 24). Trump’s New Restrictions on Asylum Seekers Violate U.S.
and International law, Experts Say. TIME. Retrieved from
https://time.com/5626498/trump-asylum-rule-international-law/

Dearden, L. (2017, February 11). 'Get out of France': Paris police tear gassing refugees
and stealing blankets in freezing conditions, report reveals. The Independent. Retrieved
from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-paris-migrants-
france-police-sleeping-bags-blankets-violence-refugee-rights-data-a7575376.html

Doherty, B. (2018, July 7). UN body condemns Australia for illegal detention of asylum
seekers and refugees. The Guardian. Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/08/un-body-condemns-australia-for-
illegal-detention-of-asylum-seekers-and-refugees

Rankin, J. (2016, December 8). EU met only 5% of target for relocating refugees from
Greece and Italy. The Guardian. Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/08/eu-met-only-5-of-target-for-
relocating-refugees-from-greece-and-italy

UNHCR. (2015). Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees. Progress Report 2014.
Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/protection/operations/542522922/afghanistan-
regional-portfolio-solutions-strategy-afghan-refugees-20152016.html

UNHCR. (2018). Highlighted Underfunded Situations in 2018. (September). Retrieved

from http://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR Brochure on Underfunded
Situations - September 2018.pdf

UNHCR. (2019). Refugee Data Finder. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-

statistics/

UNHCR. (2020, July 6). High-level event seeks sustained support for Afghans, refugee-
hosting countries [Press release]. Retrieved from
https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/7/5f034ea24/high-level-event-seeks-sustained-
support-afghans-refugee-hosting-countries.html

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DRAFT RESOLUTION

Draft Resolution 1.X

United Nations Environment Programme

Topic: Geographical Dilemma of Natural Renewable Energy

Sponsors: French Republic and Republic of Korea
Signatories: Argentine Republic, Canada, Commonwealth of Australia, Federal Republic of
Germany, Federative Republic of Brazil, Hellenic Republic, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom
of Norway, Kingdom of Thailand, Republic of Finland, State of Kuwait, The United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Switzerland, United Mexican States

Guided by the UNEP Guide For Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy Laws,

Acknowledging the timeframe of Sustainable Development Goals end in 2030,

Recalling past international actions pertaining to renewable energy, such as the Climate
Change Convention, the Kyoto Protocol, and the General Assembly resolution 62/208 that
emphasizes on the need of multilateral collaboration to support the overall development of
renewable energy,

Having studied the geographical conditions and boundaries of each country, as well as the
limitations that entail,

Noting with satisfaction the efforts made by the Member States to become more sustainable
and eco-friendly,

Fully aware of each nation’s different conditions and emphasizes the need for an efficient,
yet flexible and adaptive solution,

Alarmed by the ongoing environmental degradation that harms the natural balance, and
threatens the environmental sustainability of the planet,

Hereby resolves,

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 Article 1
FRAMEWORK TO OVERCOME GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATIONS IN
RENEWABLE ENERGY IMPLEMENTATION

1. Recommends the adoption of “RECOVER” or Renewable Energy Conversion

framework with the details as follows:
a. This framework will serve as a guidance for member states in improving their current
share of renewable energy while still taking account of their geographical limitations:
b. The timeline shall comprise of four stages, which are examination, organization,
implementation, and evaluation;
c. The examination stage shall be comprised of the following steps:
i. Conducting research on current progress of renewable energy adoption in each
country of the last 5 years based on the existing Renewables Readiness
Assessment (RRA) created by the International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA);
ii. Classifying member states based on their current renewable energy share to
ease prioritization of assistance;
1. Tier 1: countries with renewable energy share of >60% out of gross
final energy consumption,
2. Tier 2: countries with renewable energy share of 20%-59% out of
gross final energy consumption,
3. Tier 3: countries with renewable energy share of <20% out of gross
final energy consumption,
iii. Conducting research on the untapped potential and unexplored renewable
energy resources and the concurrent problems in implementing them, such as
geographical limitations, lack of supporting infrastructures, inefficiencies in
resources management, financial constraints, or opposing public demands;
iv. Conducting a risk-disaster analysis on renewable energy reliance;
d. The organization stage shall comprise of the following steps;
i. Establishing a comprehensive plan of action comprising of focus areas that
shall be tackled,
ii. Matching partner countries, particularly between best with least performing
ones to ensure exchange of knowledge and close the gap between states,
e. The implementation stage shall comprise of the following steps;
i. Implementing the action plan that has been organized,
ii. Implementing a top-down community involvement program that would be
further elaborated in the following Article 5,
f. The evaluation stage shall comprise of the following steps;
i. Member states shall submit a quarterly report on country’s progress to the
UNEP,
ii. UNEP, through the United Nations Evaluation Group (UNEG) will conduct an
evaluation of the reports submitted by member states and conduct further
strategic planning on an annual basis,

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2. Recommends the establishment of a Special Task Force on Renewable Energy
Resources (ST-RES) which will be the main body responsible for the whole conduct of the
renewable energy plan that is previously established in the RECOVER framework, which
entails:
a. The actors behind ST-RES shall comprise of, but not limited to;
i. State’s institutes,
ii. Government bodies,
iii. NGOs,
iv. UNEP,
v. MNCs,
vi. Voluntary civil society;
b. ST-RES is responsible to conduct research and create reports on;
i. Strategic Measures,
ii. Governance Measures,
iii. Risk and Management Measures,
c. The reports created by ST-RES shall be given to the government as a consideration
for future programs;

Article 2
BUILDING TRANSNATIONAL COOPERATION

1. Recommends Political and Regulatory Planning as an effort to overcome existing political

and regulatory barriers through “SELECtive Shots” initiative to help guide countries in
terms of the strategy of regulatory and policymaking with emphasis on diplomatic action with
details as follows:
a. Establish a special monitoring program by the “SELECtive Shots” member states, to
make the government of each country favor policies that support renewable energy;
b. The target of this initiative is mostly the national government that controls the flows of
laws, regulation, investment, and funding;
c. The mechanism of the initiative can be in the form of bilateral or multilateral
cooperation, through the following measures:
i. Member states will be given guidance and strategy on the policy or regulatory
making under the supervision of UNEP and a special organization that will be
formed to focus on this issue;
ii. Member states will be monitored, and required to submit their progress to
UNEP;
iii. Thirdly, member states that comply and follow the guidance will be given
several privileges that might help their economy, technology and so on by
other member states;
2. Further encourages Member States to establish Renewable Energy Department (RED) that
will be responsible to lead on energy markets, energy efficiency and emissions trading, a
means to provide but not limited to guidance and support for Less-Developed Countries

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(LDCs), and landlocked countries also the development of renewable energy technology
innovations and initiatives as follows:
a. RED shall facilitate the cooperation with UNIDO (United Nations Industrial
Development Organization) to conduct the following:
i. Connecting potential investors and technology suppliers to formulate technical
cooperation and facilitate access to suitable technologies for markets in LDCs,
Landlocked Countries and CETs;
ii. Providing professional support to small enterprises for applying sustainable
industrial activities and the transition of renewable energies;
iii. Establishing trade partnerships between member of LDCs, Landlocked
countries with relevant stakeholder in combating limitation of renewable
energy cause by geographical situation;
b. RED aims to;
i. Create trade-capacity building projects as a means to encourage trade
partnerships of renewable energy among Member States and relevant
stakeholders;
ii. Improve and establish electrification in rural communities with the use of
renewable and green technologies based on the available of local natural
resources in each region;
iii. Promote sustainable energy solutions to make industries more productive and
climate resilient.
c. The structures of RED will be structured as follows;
i. Supervision and evaluation body,
ii. Project management body,
iii. Institutional body,
d. The funding of RED comes from countries who wish to invest in the country which
RED will reside,
e. Investing country shall provide;
i. Appropriate funding,
ii. Experts in related field,
f. The government of the country that will be invested in shall provide;
i. Permission to establish RED,
ii. Supports RED in terms of policy,
g. RED shall coordinate energy environment-related matters, focusing on renewable
energy innovations, between ministries and other actors in each Member State,
h. The role of RED shall be to:
i. Conduct monitoring on natural resources and create statistics,
ii. Support natural resource policies,
iii. Perform research on possible renewable energy technology innovations,
iv. Manufacture renewable energy machines through available materials in related
country,
i. RED will be under the investing country’s supervision, therefore, the profit created by
RED will be shared between the Contracting Parties,

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 Article 3
FUNDING AND FINANCIAL AID MECHANISMS

1. Recommends the formation of United Nations Funding Agency for Innovation (UN-FAI)
as a complementary body of UNEP and an extension to the Environment Fund scheme that
will be responsible for managing finance for technological initiatives, research, and
development projects of renewable energy of Contracting Parties through the following
mechanism;
a. The UN-FAI will be funded through mandatory payments and voluntary contributions
of countries who wish to be a member,
b. The UN-FAI shall cooperate with NGOs, MNCs, staff, leaders, or state’s department
related to finance and environment to gather data of current country’s condition that
will be stored in UN-FAI database,
c. Contracting Party who wishes to get financial aid is obligated to submit the proposal
of the program to the UN-FAI
d. The proposal shall state;
i. Description of the program,
ii. Target groups,
iii. Impacts and benefits
iv. Implementation steps and timeline
v. Main actors and stakeholders of the program
e. The proposal will undergo background research by UN-FAI to verify the data stated
in the proposal,
f. Once verified, the proposal will be given to the UNEP for a proper check,
g. If the proposal is accepted the financial aid will be given accordingly through UN-
FAI,

2. Recommends the establishment of Equipment Funding and Donation Program (EF-DP) as

branches of “SELECtive Shots” framework to tackle the financial problems, with the aim as
follows:
a. The aim of this funding is specialized towards giving assistance in regards to export
and import tariff for any kind of equipment and/or tools needed to develop renewable
energy;
b. The target of this initiative is not limited to specific countries, but shall be prioritized
to small and landlocked countries in which their territory is a complicated area where
the transfer process is difficult;
c. The mechanism of this initiative shall be as follows:
i. The member states will be given assistance or privilege in the form of import
and export tariff reduction of any kind of equipment and tools that is related to
renewable energy development;
ii. This initiative will cover both financial and technological barriers by
stimulating technology transfer between countries which will increase the
development of renewable energy, thus decreasing the cost of it;

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3. Encourages member states to obtain additional funding on a case-by-case basis through:
a. Proposing a partnership proposal to the World Bank to gain financial aid through their
existing Renewable Energy Financial Instrument Tool (REFINe);
b. Engaging with NGOs and INGOs, such as Greenpeace and Green Climate Fund, to
raise project funds from civil societies;

Article 4
INCREASING PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

1. Recommends each Member State to prioritize the establishment of an integrated Strategic

Plan on the use of Renewable Energy Resources (SPO-RES) Framework as a guide to the
management of renewable energy projects. SPO-RES aims to;
a. Determine the objectives of the Member State where it can be used as a guide to help
the actors specify on what matter they should focus on, which include:
i. Local and/or Regional Government Bodies,
ii. Private Sector,
iii. Academics,
iv. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
b. The role of the governments shall be;
i. Takes the principal responsibility in developing country’ general energy
policy including taxation,
ii. Oversees the promotion of energy efficiency in the all related sectors,
iii. Supports the implementation of the recommendation,
iv. Coordinate with neighbouring partners on the design and implementation of
climate and energy policies,
c. The cooperation between these actors are based on mutually beneficial contracts and
agreements that have been agreed upon before the implementation, the contracts and
agreements will be decided by the following mechanisms;
i. The private sector is obligated to create a proposal of the program they wish to
invest in accordingly to,
ii. The proposal is sent to the related government body where the academics and
environmental NGOs will also take part as advisors to give further
recommendations,
iii. Once accepted, the private sector is permitted to run their program in
accordance with the proposal that has been agreed on,
d. The contracts and agreements of the programs are differentiated based on the
timeframe of the program as follows;
i. Short-term Strategic Plan,
ii. Medium-term Strategic Plan,
iii. Long-term Strategic Plan,

2. Encourages the establishment of public-private partnerships to further expand investment

in renewable energy through the following means:

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 a. The objective of this partnership is to attract more investment from companies
to fund and support the development and usage of renewable energy;
b. The government can accelerate the adoption of renewable energy among
companies through the following means:
i. Tax reduction and incentives for companies with a significant growth
of renewable energy usage with the amount that shall be decided under
the agreement of national governments;
ii. Utilize Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), Feed-In Tariff (FIT)
and/or “SELECtive Shots” policy to further promote the usage of
renewable energy not just by producing and consuming renewable
energy yet also influencing and making society see renewable energy
as a new trends and lifestyle through entertainment industry;
iii. Subsidies on products made through renewable energy resources;
iv. Investment grants to encourage transition towards environmental
technologies;
v. Interest subsidy, encouraging lower interest to revitalize the market in
the midst of economic downturn;
vi. Technical assistance, companies will be provided for advice, assistance,
and training pertaining to the installation, and operation of renewable
technology.
c. The government can support renewable energy producers by facilitating the
creation of a market auction system with details as follows but are not limited
to:
i. The auction will enable companies and utilities to buy electricity from
renewable power producers through open tender and fixed-price deals;
ii. The auction will also enable companies to invest in the development of
renewable energy by exploiting bidding prices;

Article 5
ENGAGEMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

1. Calls upon the establishment of COMMUNAL or Community Engagement Plan to

further engage local communities to support the development of renewable energy, with the
plan as follows:
a. The objective of this program is to engage local communities through the Key
Opinion Leader (KOL) in three areas:
i. Increasing acceptance of building renewable energy infrastructures
within the community;
ii. Educating the community on the benefits of renewable energy, which
can be done by campaign under the SELECtive Shots proposal;
iii. Influencing the community to support and shift to using renewable
energy;
b. The plan will consist of three stages, namely analysis, engagement strategy,
and lastly monitoring and evaluation;

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 c. The analysis shall comprise of the risks and potentials in relation to building
the necessary infrastructures to support renewable energy encompassing three
factors, which are policy, social, and economic aspects;
d. The engagement strategy shall comprise of the following:
i. Benefit and profit-sharing programs which can be achieved through
incentives and commissions;
ii. Certain incentives for communities;
iii. Provide innovative green jobs and green growth opportunities under
the private companies that are in charge of the infrastructure building;
e. The monitoring and evaluation shall be comprised of the following:
i. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the progress;
ii. Metrics of monitoring or key performance indicators;
iii. Complaint and dispute resolution process;
f. During the conduct, the parties involved shall maintain liability as stated in the
formal agreement;

2. Recommends the support of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to comply with the
usage of renewable energy through collaboration with the UNIDO under its UNIDO
consortia to conduct the following mechanisms:
a. Connecting potential investors and technology suppliers to facilitate access to suitable
renewable energy technologies for markets in LDCs;
b. Providing professional support to SMEs to help them apply and transition to
renewable energy in their industrial activities, whether in terms of technological
support, technicalities, or knowledge-sharing;
c. Giving first-hand knowledge to relevant regional stakeholders on the how-to’s of
renewable energy implementation in local environment;

3. Recommends the establishment of the Campaign and Public Diplomacy Program (CAPD)
as a of “SELECtive Shots” and the Importance of Applying Clean Energy Campaign
(IMPACE) to solve the social-cultural barriers in renewable energy implementation, through:
a. Engagement of society through campaigns and education of the benefits of renewable
energy to increase overall demand and stimulate market growth of renewable energy;
b. The campaign shall utilize entertainment industries to stimulate and influence
society’s mindset to change the lifestyle preferences that is more favorable to
renewable energy;
c. The campaign shall also collaborate with schools or other educational institutions to
build the mindset of the young generation to support and be more leaning toward
renewable energy;
d. The mechanism of this CAPD initiative is through double approaches, which
comprises:
i. A national approach through campaign in which synergize with NGOs to
influence and raise awareness of local citizens;

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 ii. An international approach through Public Diplomacy in which synergize with
other states to influence and raise awareness of local citizen;
Article 6
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY

1. Recommends the creation of an Intensive Private and/or MNCs Engagement (IP-ME) to

gain supplementary funds that shall play a complementary role to the Feed-in Tariff (FIT)
scheme as an international help aid to struggling countries on achieving the SDGs 2030
during Covid-19 pandemic through the following mechanism;
a. Background of this initiative shall cover:
i. Study on the decreasing of fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy
demand;
ii. Study on the suspension of energy usage due to lockdown and quarantine;
iii. Study on the shift in society lifestyle related to renewable energy;
b. The details of this initiative will be as follows:
i. Reducing the import and production of non-renewable energy by investing
more on renewable energy;
ii. Engaging the entertainment industry as part of CAPD initiative to influence
society to more leaning toward renewable energy;
iii. Approaching the private sector and MNCs to invest more in renewable energy
during the hiatus in energy usage by providing several incentives such as tax
subsidies, market opportunity, supportive policy;
c. The agreement shall includes:
i. Periodical objectives,
ii. Overall objectives,
iii. Benefit or profit sharing,
d. Funding for CTF applicant will be given under the following steps;
i. The funding is given periodically rather than all at once,
ii. Country who’s doing the funding is allowed to monitor and supervise the
whole project for transparency,
iii. If during the first periodical funding the CTF applicant fails to achieve the
target, the funding shall be stopped and the country will not be allowed to
apply for another CTF

2. Trusts the United Nations Environment Programme, along with the corresponding member
states and related stakeholders, to remain actively involved in the matter.

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