UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECNOLOGY PESHAWAR
Power Plant Assignment
Name: Muhammad Jasim
Registration No: 22PWMEC5221
Section: D
Subject: Power Plant - I
Assignment No: 01
Date: 27-Mar-2025
Submitted To: Dr. Alam Zaib Khan
Question No 01:
A twin-cylinder 2-stroke engine has a swept volume of 150 cm3. The maximum power
output is 19 kW at 11,000 rpm. At this condition, the bsfc is .11kg/MJ and the
gravimetric air/fuel ratio is 12:1. If ambient test conditions are 10 C, 1.03 bar and the
fuel has a calorific value of 44 MJ/kg, calculate the bmep, the arbitrary overall efficiency
and the volumetric efficiency.
Given Data:
Swept Volume (Vs) = 150 cm3
Maximum power Output = 19 kW = 19000 W
Engine Speed (N) = 11000 rpm
Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) = 11kg/MJ
Gravimetric air/fuel Ratio = 12:1
Ambient conditions:
Tempreture = 10o = 283 K
Pressure = 1.03 bar = 1.03 × 105 Pa
Calorific value of fuel (CV) = 44 MJ/kg
Required Data:
BMEP ?
Arbitrary Overall Efficiency ηoverall ?
ηvolumetric
Solution:
(i)
In case of 2-stroke engine the power will be:
𝐵𝑀𝐸𝑃 . 𝑉𝑠 . 𝑁
P= Rearranging for BMEP so
60
𝑃 . 60 19000 . 60
BMEP =
𝑉𝑠 . 𝑁
150 × 10−6 . 11000
BMEP = 6.91 bar Ans
(ii)
To find arbitrary overall efficiency ηoverall
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
ηoverall = ….................... (i)
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
Energy input rate is
Ėin = ṁf × CV ………………… (ii)
Where ṁf = bsfc × P = 0.11 × 10-3 × 19000 = 2.09 × 10-3 kg/s
Putting ṁf in equation (ii) so
Ėin = ṁf × CV = 2.09 × 10-3 × 44 × 106 = 91960 W
Now put all values in eq (i) so
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 19000
ηoverall = = = 0.2067
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 91960
ηoverall = 20.7% Ans
(iii)
Volumetric efficiency is
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
ηvolumetric =
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
ṁ𝑎
ηvolumetric = …………………….. (iii)
𝑉𝑡ℎ
From the Air/Fuel ratio
𝑃
ṁa = AFR × ṁf = 12 2.09 × 10-3 = 0.02508 kg/s
𝑅𝑇
Using the ideal gas law
𝑃 103000
ρair = = = 1.266 kg/m3
𝑅𝑇 287 ×283
Theoretical air flow rate for 2-stroke engine is:
𝑁
Vth = Vs × × ρair
60
11000
Vth = 150 × 10-6 × × 1.266 = 0.0348 kg/s
60
Now put value of Vth and ṁa in equation (iii) so
ṁ𝑎 0.02508
ηvolumetric = = = 0.720
𝑉𝑡ℎ 0.0348
ηvolumetric = 72% Ans
__________________________________________________
Question No 02:
Use Lotus Engine Simulation Software for a Single Cylinder Model shows the BSFC (brake
specific fuel consumption), BMEP (brake mean effective pressure), Torque, and Power
produced by the engine given in the table at different RPM. Also, for the same engine
show Variation of Exhaust Constituents with AFR and RPM using different Fuel.
Graphical Result:
___________________________________________________________________
Question No 03:
The following is the analysis of a supply of coal gas:
H2 = 49.4%, CO = 18%, CH4 = 20%, C4H8 = 2%, O2 = 0.4% CO2 = 4%, N2 = 6.2%
(i) Calculate the stoichiometric A/F ratio.
(ii) Find also the wet and dry analysis of the products of combustion if the actual
mixture of the products of combustion if the actual mixture is 20% weak.
Given data:
We given the volumetric composition of the coal gas:
H2 = 49.4 %
CO = 18%
CH4 = 20%
C4H8 = 2%
O2 = 0.4%
CO2 = 4%
N2 = 6.2%
Required data:
Calculate the stoichiometric A/F ratio.
Find also the wet and dry analysis of the products of combustion if the actual
mixture of the products of combustion if the actual mixture is 20% weak.
Solution:
(I)
The combustion reactions will be
2H2+O2 2H2O For every 2 volumes of H₂ 1 volume of O₂ is required
2CO+O2 2CO2 For every 2 volumes of CO 1 volume of O₂ is required
CH4+2O2 2CO2+H2O For every 1 volume of CH₄ 2 volumes of O₂ are required
C4H8+6O2 4CO2+4H2O For every 1 volume of C₄H₈ 6 volumes of O₂ are required
Now we calculate the total volume of O₂ required for complete combustion
H2:
0.494
Volume of O2 = = 0.247
2
CO:
0.18
Volume of O2 = = 0.09
2
CH4:
Volume of O2 = 0.20 × 2 = 0.40
C4H8:
Volume of O2 = 0.02 × 6 = 0.12
Total O2 required
0.247 + 0.09 + 0.40 + 0.12 – 0.004 = 0.853
Now
100 × 0.853
A/F ratio = = 4.062
21
Stoichiometric A/F ratio = 4.062 by volume
(II)
For 20% weak mixture
Actual A/F ratio = 4.062 × (0.2 × 4.062) = 4.874 by volume
Nitrogen Supplied:
Initially there is 6.2% nitrogen so
N2 = (0.79 × 4.874) + 0.062 = 3.913 kmol/kmol gas
O2 = (0.21 × 4.874) – 0.853 = 0.1706 kmol/kmol gas
Analysis for wet and dry products produced in the combustion reactions
CO2:
Volume of CO2 = 0.18 + 0.20 + 0.12 = 0.50
H2O:
Volume of H2O = 0.494 + 0.4 + 0.08 = 0.974
O2:
Volume of O2 = 0.1706
N2:
Volume of N2 = 3.913
Wet Analysis (Including H2O)
Total moles of wet product:
0.50 + 0.974 + 0.1706 + 3.913 = 5.557
Now
0.50
CO2 = × 100 = 9%
5.557
0.974
H2O = × 100 = 17.5%
5.557
0.1706
O2 = × 100 = 70.4%
5.557
3.913
N2 = × 100 = 70.4%
5.557
Dry Analysis (Excluding H2O)
Total moles of dry product:
5.557 – 0.974 = 4.583
0.50
CO2 = × 100 = 10.90%
4.583
0.1706
O2 = × 100 = 3.72%
4.583
3.913
N2 = × 100 = 85.4%
4.583
THE END
