CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION

DESIGN (SUBJECT CODE - 830)

MARKING SCHEME FOR CLASS XII (SESSION 2024-2025)
Max. Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
General Instructions:
1. Please read the instructions carefully.
2. This Question Paper consists of 20 questions in two sections – Section A & Section B.
3. Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
4. Out of the given (5 + 15 =) 20 questions, a candidate has to answer (5 + 10 =) 15 questions in
the allotted (maximum) time of 2 hours.
5. All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
6. SECTION A - OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (24 MARKS):
i. This section has 05 questions.
ii. There is no negative marking.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.

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iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
7. SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (26 MARKS):

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i. This section contains 15 questions.
ii. A candidate has to do 10 questions.
iii. Do as per the instructions given.
a.
iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
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Source Material Unit/ Page no.

Q.
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QUESTION (NCERT/PSSCIVE/ Chap. of source Marks

No.
CBSE Study Material) No. material
Q. 1 Answer any 4 out of the given 5 questions on Employability Skills (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
i. NCERT Ch-1 Pg-7 1
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(a) verbal communication

ii. (a) Self -Awareness CBSE Study Material Ch-2 Pg-20 1
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iii. (b) Guilt CBSE Study Material Ch-2 Pg-18 1

a

iv. (c) Control panel NCERT Ch-3 Pg-66 1

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v. (b) Planning CBSE Study Material Ch-4 Pg-49 1

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vi. (c) Recycling CBSE Study Material Ch-5 Pg-64 1

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Q. 2 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

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i. d) prototype CBSE Study Material Unit-1 15 1

ii. b) Woven CBSE Study Material Unit-2 70 1
iii. d) Occupational health and safety CBSE Study Material Unit-3 122 1
iv. c) Photoshop Self-made Unit-4 - 1
(NOTE: - As NCERT
and CBSE Study
Material of chapter-
4 are not available.)
830 – DESIGN – XII Page 1 of 16
 v. b) Law of closure CBSE Study Material Unit-1 38 1
vi. b) Product design CBSE Study Material Unit-1 65 1
Q. 3 Answer any 5out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
i. b) user centric design CBSE Study Material Unit-1 27 1

ii. b) Hoshiarpur CBSE Study Material Unit-2 82 1

iii. a) 2005 CBSE Study Material Unit-3 123 1

iv. b) sustainability Self-made Unit-4 - 1

(NOTE: - As NCERT
and CBSE Study
Material of chapter-
4 are not available.)

v. a) Focus Group CBSE Study Material Unit-1 29 1

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vi. b) Roll bending CBSE Study Material Unit-2 104 1

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Q. 4 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
i. b) Research CBSE Study Material Unit-1 27 1
ii. a) casting CBSE Study Material Unit-2 93 1
a.
iii. c) Musculoskeletal disorder CBSE Study Material Unit-3 127 1
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iv.  Enlarging the text size Self-made Unit-4 - 1

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 Customizing color contrasts (NOTE: - As NCERT

and CBSE Study
 Subtitles or captions on videos Material of chapter-
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 Text below the images to describe them. 4 are not available.)

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(any one)
a

v. a) Material safety data sheet CBSE Study Material Unit-3 132 1

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vi. c) Empathize CBSE Study Material Unit-1 14 1

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Q. 5 Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions (1 x 5 = 5 marks)

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i. b) The redesign rule CBSE Study Material Unit-1 13 1

ii. b) plastic injection molding process CBSE Study Material Unit-2 117 1
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iii. a) formaldehyde and resin CBSE Study Material Unit-3 128 1

iv. d) InDesign Self-made Unit-4 - 1
(NOTE: - As NCERT
and CBSE Study
Material of chapter-
4 are not available.)

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 2 of 16

 v. b) solution based CBSE Study Material Unit-1 12 1
vi. a) interface design Self-made Unit-4 - 1
(NOTE: - As NCERT
and CBSE Study
Material of chapter-
4 are not available.)

SECTION B: SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Source Page no.
Material Unit/
of
Q. No. QUESTION (NCERT/PSSCIVE Chap. Marks
source
/ CBSE Study No.
Material)
material
Answer any 3 out of the given 4 questions on Employability Skills in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 3 = 6
marks)
Q. 6 To print a spreadsheet, the steps are: NCERT Unit3 48 2

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1. Click File ➢Print.
2. The Print dialog box will appear.

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3. Select the printer, the range to be
printed, and the number of copies.
a.
4. Click the Print button.
Q. 7 (a) Initiative: In the world of business, NCERT UNIT- 81 2
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opportunities come and go. An entrepreneur 4
must be able to initiate action and take advantage
of an opportunity. Once a person misses out on
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an opportunity, it may not come again. Therefore,

taking initiative on the part of the entrepreneur is
a must.
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(b) Willingness to take risks: In any business,

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there is an element of risk involved. It implies that

it is not necessary that every business shall earn a
profit. This deters individuals to take up risks and
a

start a business. However, an entrepreneur

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always volunteers to take risks to run a business

and be successful.
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(c) Ability to learn from experience: An

entrepreneur may make mistakes. However, once
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an error is committed, it must be tried that it is

not repeated as it may lead to heavy losses.
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Therefore, the person must have the ability to

learn from experience.
(d) Motivation: It is necessary for success in every
walk of life. Once you get motivated to do
something, you will not rest until you complete it.
(e) Self-confidence: For achieving success in life, a
person needs to have confidence in oneself. Self-
confidence is reflected in courage, enthusiasm
and ability to lead. Therefore, a successful
830 – DESIGN – XII Page 3 of 16
 entrepreneur must have self-confidence.
(f) Hard work: There is no substitute for hard
work in life. While running a business, one
problem or the other may arise every day. The
entrepreneur has to be vigilant so as to identify
the problems and solve them as early as possible.
This requires hard work on the part of the
entrepreneur.
(g) Decision making ability: In running an
enterprise, an entrepreneur has to take a number
of decisions. Therefore, the person must be
capable of making suitable and timely decisions.
(Explain any two)
Q. 8 Green jobs help: NCERT UNIT- 114 2
• increase the efficiency of energy and raw 5
material.
• reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• control waste and pollution.

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• protect and restore ecosystems.
• support adaptation to the effects of climate

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change. (any two)
Q. 9 • Reusing scrap material For example, in paper NCERT UNIT- 119 2
mills, damaged rolls are sent back to the 5
a.
beginning of the production line, i.e., they are
added as raw material. In manufacture of plastic
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items, off-cuts and scrap are re-incorporated into
new products. • Ensuring quality control If the
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quality of products is maintained, there will be a

decrease in rejected products, thus, reducing
waste. Automated monitoring equipment are
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now being used, which can help identify

production problems at an early stage.
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• Waste exchange This is where the waste

product of one process becomes the raw material
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for another. It represents the way of reducing

waste disposal through re-use.
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• Managing e-waste with advanced technology,

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we have also encountered problems in managing

e-waste like old mobile phones, laptops and
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television sets. It is important to have sustainable

development and plan judiciously for recycling e-
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waste.
• Use of eco-friendly material Scientists have
discovered various material, which are eco-
friendly, for example, banana leaf and paper
plates that are easily disposable, etc. These must
be made easily available and their use needs to
be encouraged.
(Explain any two)

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 4 of 16

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions in 20 – 30 words each (2 x 4 = 8 marks)
Q. 10 Main benefits of using Design Thinking at work CBSE Study Unit- 17 2
are: Material 1
 Significantly reduces time-to-market: With its
emphasis on problem-solving and finding viable
solutions, Design Thinking can significantly reduce
the amount of time spent on design and
development—especially in combination with
lean and agile.
 Cost savings and a great ROI: Getting successful
products to market faster ultimately saves the
business money. Design Thinking has been proven
to yield a significant return on investment; teams
that are applying IBM‘s Design Thinking practices,
for example, have calculated an ROI of up to
300% as a result.
 Improves customer retention and loyalty:

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Design Thinking ensures a user centric approach,
which ultimately boosts user engagement and
customer retention in the long term.

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 Fosters innovation: Design Thinking is all about
challenging assumptions and established beliefs,
encouraging all stakeholders to think outside the
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box. This fosters a culture of innovation which
extends well beyond the design team.
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 Can be applied company-wide: The great thing
about Design Thinking is that it‘s not just for
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designers. It leverages group thinking and

encourages cross-team collaboration. What‘s
more, it can be applied to virtually any team in
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any industry. (any two)

Q. 11 In the loom, yarn processing includes shedding, CBSE Study Unit- 73 2
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picking, battening and taking-up operations. Material 2

• Shedding.
a

- Shedding is the raising of the warp yarns to form

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a loop through which the filling yarn, carried by

the shuttle, can be inserted.
• Picking. - The filling yarn emerges through a
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hole in the shuttle as it moves across the loom. A

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single crossing of the shuttle from one side of the

loom to the other is known as a pick.
•Battening.
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- As the shuttle moves across the loom laying

down the fill yarn, it also passes through openings
in another frame called a reed (which resembles a
comb).
- With each picking operation, the reed presses or
battens each filling yarn against the portion of the
fabric that has already been formed.

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 5 of 16

 • Taking up: - the newly constructed fabric must
be wound on a cloth beam. This process is called
taking up.
Q. 12 Below are the most common causes of injury and CBSE Study Unit- 123 2
illness in the iron and steel industry: Material 3
(i) slips, trips and falls on the same level;
(ii) falls from height;
(iii) unguarded machinery;
(iv) falling objects;
(v) engulfment;
(vi) working in confined spaces;
(vii) moving machinery, on-site transport, forklifts
and cranes;
(viii) exposure to controlled and uncontrolled
energy sources;
(ix) exposure to asbestos;
(x) exposure to mineral wools and fibers;
(xi) inhalable agents (gases, vapors, dusts and

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fumes);
(xii) skin contact with chemicals (irritants (acids,

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alkalis), solvents and sensitizers);
(xiii) contact with hot metal;
(xiv) fire and explosion;
a.
(xv) extreme temperatures
(xvi) radiation (non-ionizing, ionizing);
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(xvii) noise and vibration;
(xviii) electrical burns and electric shock;
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(xix) manual handling and repetitive work;

(xx) exposure to pathogens (e.g. legionella);
(xxi) failures due to automation;
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(xxii) ergonomics;
(xxiii) lack of OSH training;
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(xxiv) poor work organization;

(xxv) inadequate accident prevention and
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inspection;
(xxvi) inadequate emergency first-aid and rescue
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facilities;
(xxvii) lack of medical facilities and social
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protection.
(any two)
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Q. 13 Taj Mahal: Taj Mahal is one of the most Self-made Unit- - 2

fascinating architectural marvels in the world. (NOTE: - As
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4
Every year lakhs of tourists visit Agra to see NCERT and
the beauty of Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is an CBSE Study
extremely beautiful mausoleum made of Material of
white marble between 1631 and 1648 under chapter-4 are
the aegis of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. not
It is ideally located on the banks of River available.)
Yamuna in Agra. It costed around 32 crores
during that time. He built it in the memory of

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 6 of 16

 his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Its
architectural beauty has earned it two
prestigious titles, ‘UNESCO World Heritage
Site’ and ‘One of the Seven Wonders of the
World’.
Architecture features of Taj Mahal:
Taj Mahal is universally admired for its
incredible architecture. It is the most
sparkling jewel of Muslim Art in India. Built
with pure white marble (obtained from
Makrana, Rajasthan) having extraordinary
luster and texture. The monument covers an
area of 42 acres. The monument is encircled
by lush green gardens, lovely pools, and
fountains. The main gateway located at the
end of the long watercourse was originally
made of solid silver.
The complex of Taj Mahal majorly consists of

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five structures - Darwaza (main gateway),
Bageecha (gardens), Masjid (mosque), Rauza

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(main mausoleum) and Naqqar Khana (rest
house).
The Taj Mahal complex consists of the tomb
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at its center (58 feet in diameter and 81 feet
high). It is the main attraction. It is built in
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white marble at a square plinth raised 50
above riverbank to avoid seepage. There are
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four minarets on each side of the square

which are deliberately made 137 m in height
to emphasize the beauty of the dome. These
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minarets are a little titled outward instead of

standing straight. The reason why it was built
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like this was to protect the tomb from being

damaged in case any of the minarets falls due
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to any natural calamity.

Inside the Taj Mahal lies the tombs of both
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Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. Both the

tombs are inlaid with semi-precious
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stones. The tomb of Mumtaz Mahal features

calligraphic inscriptions of the 99 names of
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Allah.
Architecture Style:
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Taj Mahal is a perfect amalgamation of Indian,

Islamic and Persian architectural styles. It
took around 22,000 workers to build this
monument. Stonecutters, painters, masons,
dome builders, calligraphers, inlayers, carvers
and other artisans were called from all over
Asia and Iran.
It leaves the onlookers gape in awe. It is not

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 7 of 16

 only beautiful but built in such a way that
even after hundreds of years, it still holds that
fineness and charm. The chief designer of this
mesmerizing monument was Ustad Ahmad,
who was an architect in the court of Shah
Jahan from Lahore.
Calligraphy on Taj Mahall
The calligraphy on the Taj Mahal is beautiful.
The beauty of the black inscriptions over the
white marble is an attractive feature of the
edifice. The walls and pillars of the
monuments are also adorned with calligraphy
written in Thuluth script. Most of the
inscribed verses are from the holy book of
Islam- Quran.
(Any one monument of India)
Q. 14 1. User Interviews: The interview process is one CBSE Study Unit- 29 2
of the most common and powerful ways to Material

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1
understand people. It can be considered the
foundation for many of the methods designers

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use. The interview is a method for discovering
facts and opinions held by potential users of the
system being designed.
a.
2. Focus Group: A focus group is a moderated
discussion that typically involves 5 to 10
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participants and chaired by an impartial
moderator. Its aim is to solicit focused feedback
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on specific issues or design ideas, giving designers

firsthand experience of user reaction.
3. Card Sorting: Card sorting is a research method
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used to understand the way that the intended

users of a website naturally organize or think
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about different types of information or content.

4. Ethnography – Contextual Enquiry:
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Ethnography is a social research technique based

on studying people’s behavior in everyday
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contexts, rather than under controlled conditions

(such as a conference room in a focus group
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testing center).
5. Shadowing: Shadowing is observing people in
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context. It is important that the people you are

observing are not aware of the same since that
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might lead to change in their natural behavior.

6. Survey: Surveys, which are also called
questionnaires, are one of the key ways to gather
quantitative data for analysis. Surveys rely on
asking the same question in the same way to a
large number of people, and obtaining a lot of
responses.

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 8 of 16

Q. 15 Some critiques of computer are given below: - Self-made Unit- - 2
1. Assumption of infinite speed: It can’t be (NOTE: - As 4
assumed the infinite speed of the computer NCERT and
as it is not practical to assume the infinite CBSE Study
speed. It creates problems in designers’ Material of
thinking as well. chapter-4 are
2. Assumption of infinite Memory: Like the not
speed of the computer, memory also can’t be available.)
assumed infinite. Storage is always finite and
this is an issue in computer design.
3. Speed mismatch between memory and
processor: Sometimes it is possible that the
speed of memory and processor does not
match. It may be memory speed is faster or
processor speed is faster. A mismatch
between memory and processor leads to
create problems in designing.
4. Handling of bugs and errors: Handling bugs

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and errors are huge responsibility of any
computer designer. Bugs and errors lead to

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the failure of the computer system.
Sometimes these errors may be more
dangerous.
a.
5. Multiple processors: Designing a computer
system with multiple processors leads to the
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huge task of management and programming.
It is a big issue in computer design.
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6. Multiple threads: A computer system with

multiple threads is always a threat to the
designer. A computer with several threads
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should be able to multi-tasking and multi-

processing.
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7. Shared memory: If there are several

processes to be executed at a time then all
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the processes share the same memory space.

It should be managed in a specific way so
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that collision does not happen.

8. Disk access: Disk management is the key to
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computer design. There are several issues

with disk access. It may be possible that the
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system does not support multiple disk

access.
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9. Better performance: It is always an issue. A

designer always tries to simplify the system
for better performance in reducing power
and less cost.
10. Performance: One of the biggest challenges
in computer design is optimizing
performance. Designers need to balance
factors such as processing power, memory

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 9 of 16

 capacity, and input/output speed to create a
system that is fast and efficient.
11. Power consumption: As computing devices
become more ubiquitous, power
consumption has become a critical design
consideration. Designers need to create
systems that are energy-efficient to reduce
the impact on the environment and improve
battery life.
12. Security: With the growing amount of
sensitive data being stored and processed on
computing devices, security is a major issue.
Designers need to build in strong encryption
and authentication measures to prevent
unauthorized access and data breaches.
13. Compatibility: As computing devices become
more diverse, ensuring compatibility across
platforms and devices is a key challenge.

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Designers need to create systems that can
run seamlessly on a variety of operating

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systems and hardware configurations.
14. User experience: The user experience is a
critical consideration in computer design.
a.
Designers need to create intuitive interfaces
and experiences that are easy to use and
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navigate.
15. Reliability: Computing devices are expected
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to work reliably and consistently. Designers

need to create systems that are resilient and
can operate without failure for extended
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periods of time.
(any two)
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Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50– 80 words each (4 x 3 = 12 marks)
Q. 16 The Five Phases of Design Thinking are: CBSE Study Unit-1 14 4
a

Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. Material

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Phase 1: Empathize: Empathy provides the

critical starting point for Design Thinking. The
first stage of the process is spent getting to
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know the user and understanding their wants,

needs and objectives. This means observing
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and engaging with people in order to

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understand them on a psychological and

emotional level. During this phase, the designer
seeks to set aside their assumptions and gather
real insights about the user.
Phase 2: Define: The second stage in the
Design Thinking process is dedicated to
defining the problem. You will gather all of your
findings from the empathize phase and start to
make sense of them: what difficulties and
830 – DESIGN – XII Page 10 of 16
 barriers are your users coming up against?
What patterns do you observe? What is the big
user problem that your team needs to solve?
By the end of the define phase, you will have a
clear problem statement. The key here is to
frame the problem in a user-centered way;
rather than saying ―We need to, frame it in
terms of your user: ―Retirees in the Bay area
need. Once you have formulated the problem
into words, you can start to come up with
solutions and ideas — which brings us onto
stage three.
Phase 3: Ideate: with a solid understanding of
your users and a clear problem statement in
mind, it’s time to start working on potential
solutions. The third phase in the Design
Thinking process is where the creativity
happens, and it’s crucial to point out that the

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ideation stage is a judgement-free zone!
Designers will hold ideation sessions in order to

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come up with as many new angles and ideas as
possible. There are many different types of
ideation technique that designers might use,
a.
from brainstorming and mind mapping to body
storming (role-play scenarios) and provocation
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— an extreme lateral-thinking technique that
gets the designer to challenge established
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beliefs and explore new options and 15

alternatives. Towards the end of the ideation
phase, you will narrow it down to a few ideas
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with which to move forward. You can learn

about all the most important ideation
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techniques here.
Phase 4: Prototype: The fourth step in the
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Design Thinking process is all about

experimentation and turning ideas into
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tangible products. A prototype is basically a

scaled-down version of the product which
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incorporates the potential solutions identified

in the previous stages. This step is key in
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putting each solution to the test and

highlighting any constraints and flaws.
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Throughout the prototype stage, the proposed

solutions may be accepted, improved,
redesigned or rejected depending on how they
fare in prototype form. You can read all about
the prototyping stage of Design Thinking in this
in-depth guide.
Phase 5: Test After prototyping comes user
testing, but it’s important to note that this is

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 11 of 16

 rarely the end of the Design Thinking process.
In reality, the results of the testing phase will
often lead you back to a previous step,
providing the insights you need to redefine the
original problem statement or to come up with
new ideas you had not thought of before.
Q. 17 Risk matrices are probably the inter-industry CBSE Study Unit-3 137 4
safety standard as the primary tool used in risk Material
evaluation.
Risk matrices are simplistic charts that use ―
1. Probability and 2. Severity
to quantify the risk priority of a real or
hypothetical safety scenario. The quantification
is generally broken into 3 categories:
 Acceptable risk (green);
 Unacceptable risk (red); and
 Acceptable with mitigation, meaning

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risk may not yet be as low as reasonably
possible (yellow).

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Some organizations use 1 or 2 additional colors,
such as light green and/or orange, though
these colours only provide further ―aesthetic
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and risk granularity rather than general
quantification. Risk matrices are ultimately
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used as risk management tools to rank risks
with the risk grid and the calculated risk
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indices.
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The risk matrix is broken into a grid. The grid is

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usually 5x5, though it can be larger or smaller

depending on company needs. The grid is used
to assign a calculated ―number to the risk,
which is combination of Probability x Severity,
and represents the risk priority.
The risk matrix grid:
- Usually increases in severity from left (low) to
right (high);

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 12 of 16

 - Usually increases in probability from bottom
(low) to top (high); but
- A risk matrix can move in any direction, so this
matrix grid move from right to left and top to
bottom, right to left and bottom to top, or left
to right and top to bottom.
Q. 18 Stage 1 – furniture design. Before producers CBSE Study Unit-2 89 4
start producing furniture, they must be Material
designed. Designers have many ideas for
furniture in various styles. In recent years,
apart from the appearance of furniture, great
importance is attached to its functionality. The
approved project is sent to the production hall,
where the next stages of furniture creation
follow.
Stage 2 – Selection of materials for the
production of furniture. The furniture
production process begins with the preparation

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of the right material. The most common
materials from which furniture is made are

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wood and wood-like products. Manufacturers
of solid wood furniture must first select a tree
species. Pine is the most commonly used tree
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species for furniture production. The furniture
is made of oak, beech and ash wood, as well as
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ebony or cherry.
Stage 3 – Shearing and transport. In the next
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stage, the trees of selected species are cut out.

These works are carried out by qualified
woodcutters using specialized equipment. Then
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the wood is transported to the sawmill. At this

point, the wood is cut into boards and
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transported to the dryer.

Stage 4 – Drying. The process of drying wood is
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extremely important, because it has a big

impact on the quality of manufactured
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furniture. In a situation where the wood is very

dry, it dries in the apartment as a finished piece
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of furniture. Then the deformation process

takes place. The standard adopted for the
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production of furniture is humidity reduced to

8-10%. The use of this standard significantly
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affects the quality of furniture.

Stage 5 – Execution of individual pieces of
furniture. The next stage in creating furniture is
to make all the elements of a particular piece
of furniture in accordance with the design.
Machines are used during this process, so it
takes relatively quickly. The use of the latest
technology and good quality equipment means

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 13 of 16

 that every piece of furniture is precise. The
accuracy and precision of the individual
elements is very important, because it affects
the quality of furniture and makes it easier to
adjust when assembling furniture.
Stage 6 – Grinding. Each cut part after the
finished stage goes to the appropriate
departments. It’s polished there. Thanks to
this, the furniture is smooth and has no shards.
Stage 7 – Painting and varnishing. The next
stage of furniture production is giving it a final
look. To give the wood shine and make it
resistant to water, each piece of furniture
overlaps with the preservative layer. It can be
varnish, stain or wax. Then the elements are
polished.
Stage 8 – Packaging and transporting items to
the store. Finished furniture elements are

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packed and prepared for transport. Each
package contains all the elements necessary to

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assemble furniture. The finished packages are
transported to the store where you can buy
them. Thanks to the fact that the furniture is
a.
spread, it is easier to carry.
Stage 9 – Assembly of furniture. After
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purchase and delivery to the apartment, please
send it. The packaging in which the furniture is
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located is accompanied by instructions.

According to the recommendations, we will
assemble the elements in the purchased
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furniture.
Q. 19 Various tools used in In-Design software are: - Self-made Unit-4 - 4
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1. DIRECT SELECTION TOOL (NOTE: - As

NCERT and
a

CBSE Study
Material of
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chapter-4 are
Also like Photoshop, the Direct Selection Tool
not
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only selects one anchor point on an object. So,

available.)
if you wanted to move one specific anchor
point, you’d use this tool.
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2. PAGE TOOL
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The Page Tool allows you to select an entire

page and rearrange it or resize it on your work
space.

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 14 of 16

 3. GAP TOOL

The Gap Tool is used when you want to change

the distribution of two objects while keeping
the white space between them the same. Click
on the gap between two objects and drag. One
object will get bigger while the other gets
smaller.

4. CONTENT COLLECTOR TOOL

The Content Collector Tool allows you to collect

multiple pieces of content that you want to

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place either in the same document or in
another InDesign document.

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5. CONTENT PLACER TOOL a.
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Once you’ve collected your objects with the
Content Collector Tool, you’ll use the Content
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Placer Tool to place those objects either in the

same document or in a different InDesign
document.
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6. TYPE TOOL
a re
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This is your basic type tool. Click and drag to

create a rectangular text box and type away!
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7. TYPE ON A PATH TOOL

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The Type on a Path Tool, on the other hand,

types around an object. You’d use this on an
object you’ve already created.

8. LINE TOOL

830 – DESIGN – XII Page 15 of 16

 This tool creates a line. Hold shift while you
click and drag to keep it straight horizontal,
vertical, or at a 45-degree angle.

9. PEN TOOL

The Pen Tool is my favorite, but by far one of

the hardest tools to master. You draw by
clicking on the point where you want to start,
and before unclicking, hold and drag the cursor
to make a curve. Then you click on the next
point where you’d like to continue your shape,
hold and drag the cursor, etc.
(any four)

Q. 20 Sustainable design is the approach to creating Self-made Unit-4 - 4

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products that have considered the (NOTE: - As
environmental, social, and economic impacts NCERT and

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from the initial phase through to the end of life. CBSE Study
Some sustainable design principles for products Material of
are – chapter-4 are
a.
 Use non-toxic, sustainably produced, or not
recycled materials which have a lower available.)
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environmental impact than traditional
materials.
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 Use manufacturing processes which are more

energy efficient than traditional processes.
 Build longer-lasting and better-functioning
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products which will have to be replaced less

frequently.
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 Design products for reuse and recycling. Easy

to disassemble so that the parts can be reused
a

to make new products.

 Materials should come from nearby,
.c

sustainably managed renewable sources that

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can be composted when their usefulness is

exhausted.
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830 – DESIGN – XII Page 16 of 16