ESSAY

Syphilis accompanying pregnancy and childbirth. This infection poses a risk to

pregnancy and childbirth: causes, consequences, ways to prevent

Nama:Yuliana Lestari
NPM:23.0601.0038
Prodi:D3 Keperawatan

Program studi D-3 Keperawatan

fakultas ilmu kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Angkatan 2023/2024
 Discussion progress
 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infectious diseases that are transmitted
through sexual contact, whether vaginal, oral or anal sex. This disease can be
transmitted through blood, sperm or other body fluids. Sometimes, this disease can be
transmitted through other intimate physical contact. Some STDs, such as herpes and
HPV, can spread through skin-to-skin contact. Apart from that, using injection
needles repeatedly or alternately between several people can also transmit the disease
in 2009,77.80% of PMS cases can be treated,while in 2008 it was 98.14%. This
means not all cases The STDs found are treated or not achieve the target of 100%.
(Health Department,2009). experiencing PMS decrease compared to 2008 including
candidiasis from 443 to 308, vaginal bacteria from 151 to 144, HIV from 114 to 9,
gonorrhoea from 120 to 71, condyloma acuminate from 95 to 68, herpes genetalis
from 68 to 59, AIDS from 23 to 17 and syphilis from 6 to 2. Likewise some
Increasing cases include herpes simplex from 140 to 149 and Trichomonas vaginalis
from 6 to 9. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that occurs due to infection with
the bacteria Treponema pallidum.This disease has symptoms in the form of sores on
the genitals or mouthThese sores generally last between 1-2.5 months without causing
pain, but are easily contagious. Syphilis that you don't treat can cause paralysis,
blindness, impotence and even hearing problems and loss of life. Onore This PMS
occurs due to the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Many people also recognize this
condition as gonorrhea, because it causes fluid to come out when urinating which
causes pain in the penis or vagina. genital ulcers. This is an infectious disease that
occurs due to the herpes simplex virus (HSV).Genital herpes can cause pain, itching
and sores in the sufferer's genital area. However, sufferers may also not experience
symptoms, but can still transmit the virus, even when they have no visible
wounds.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) will spread through body fluids and
attack the immune system.In the early stages, HIV will not show symptoms, because
the virus will "sleep" for a while. This virus will wait for the immune system to
weaken, and can develop into the very deadly disease acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). You can also visit this page to get further information about sexual
health. Genital ulcers are a disease that occurs due to the human papilloma virus
around the genitals. This disease does not cause pain but usually causes itching and
redness.There are many false myths about genital warts .SYPHILIS: Lion king or
syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with the Treponema
pallidum bacteria. This disease can affect various organs of the body and has several
stages of worsening of the condition. Generally, syphilis is a disease that begins with
sores around the genitals, anus or mouth. The initial appearance of the wound tends
not to be accompanied by pain. Because the wound is not painful, sufferers sometimes
don't immediately notice syphilis. However, syphilis sufferers can still transmit the
infection to other people.If not treated immediately, syphilis risks causing
complications from other diseases, such as heart damage, tumors, HIV infection, and
problems with pregnancy and childbirth for pregnant women. The bacteria that can
cause syphilis is Treponema pallidum. These bacteria infect the human body through
wounds on the genitals, anus, lips and mouth.Syphilis transmission itself is triggered
by sexual activity carried out by the sufferer, such as penetration, oral sex or anal sex.
However, the risk of transmitting syphilis can be prevented by using safety devices,
 such as condoms, when engaging in sexual activity.Apart from that, syphilis is a
disease that has the potential to be transmitted from the mother to her baby.
Congenital syphilis in newborns is called congenital syphilis. The risk of congenital
syphilis in babies can be reduced by treating the disease before the pregnant woman
reaches 4 months of pregnancy. . Primary syphilis is characterized by the appearance
of sores on the genitals, anus, lips and mouth. Apart from that, swollen lymph nodes
can also be found in the groin area, which indicates that the immune system is
reacting against syphilis infection.These characteristics will appear in the first 10-90
days after the Treponema pallidum bacteria enter the body. The recovery time for
primary syphilis is generally approximately 3-6 weeks after undergoing
treatment.Please note, syphilis sores that are not treated and disappear by themselves
are not a condition that indicates that syphilis will heal quickly. The disappearance of
the wound actually indicates that the infection has progressed to the next
stageTherefore, you are advised to see a doctor as soon as possible at this stage
because it can still be treated by taking certain drugs so that syphilis does not move to
the next stage. Secondary syphilis is a stage that will occur several weeks after the
sores around the genitals, anus, lips or mouth disappear. Symptoms caused by
secondary syphilis are the appearance of a rash on several parts of the body, such as
the palms of the hands or feet.Apart from that, sufferers of secondary syphilis will
also experience several other symptoms, such as:Flu,Headache,Joint
pain,Fever,Feeling excessively tired,Enlarged lymph nodes,Hair loss,Weight loss.
Latent SyphilisAt this stage, syphilis sufferers do not experience certain clinical
symptoms. In the first 12 months of latent syphilis, sufferers can still transmit the
infection. However, after 2 years, syphilis infection can no longer be transmitted, even
though the bacteria that cause syphilis are still present in the body. If not treated
immediately, latent syphilis can progress to the next stage, Tertiary Syphilis
 This tertiary stage of syphilis infection is the most dangerous stage of syphilis. This
stage usually appears 10–30 years after primary infection. Symptoms of tertiary
syphilis are generally characterized by the appearance of gummas or small tumors on
certain parts of the body.Apart from that, tertiary syphilis can also impact other body
organs, such as the heart, brain, eyes, liver and blood vessels. So tertiary syphilis
sufferers are vulnerable to heart disease and stroke. Syphilis DiagnosisDoctors will
usually diagnose syphilis by carrying out blood tests in the laboratory. The blood test
is carried out to detect antibodies against syphilis bacteria. There are two types of
blood tests for diagnosing syphilis, namely:VDRL (Venereal Disease Research
Laboratory) test.TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination) test. Low Birth
Weight Babies: According to his life expectancy:1) Low Birth Weight Babies
(LBW), namely babies with birth weigh1500-2500 grams.2) Very Low Birth Weight
(BBLSR) or Very Low BirthWeight (VLBW), namely babies with a birth weight of
1000-1500 grams.3) Extremely Low Birth Weight Babies (BBLER) or Extremety
LowBirth Weight (ELBW), namely babies with a birth weight of less than
1000 grams. Common signs and symptoms of LBW include:Body weight less than
2500 grams,. Body length less than or equal to 45 cm, Head circumference less than
33 cm, Chest circumference less than or equal to 30 cm,Little or no vernix caseosa,
Little fat tissue under the skin,Soft skull bones move easily,Crying weakly, Thin, red,
 and transparent skin,Weak muscle tone,The location of the ears is down,Small head
size, Anemia, Hyperbilirubinemia(
 Conclusion
Doctors educate syphilis patients by explaining what the disease is suffered by the
patient, explanation of the drug and rules for using the drug, explanation of how ways
to avoid infecting other people, and routine patient monitoring to see progress patient
recovery.1) Explanation to patients about syphilis Syphilis is an STI (Sexually
Transmitted Infection). Syphilis can.infects the entire body, even the fetus of a
pregnant mother. This disease has,Clinical symptoms are similar to various other
STIs(Sexually Transmitted Infections), in circumstances.Initially it can heal by itself,
but if no medication is given it can progress.into a more dangerous advanced stage.
Syphilis is among the most transmitted diseases.mostly through sexual intercourse. 2)
Explanation of the drug and rules for using the drug.Patients with primary and
secondary stages of syphilis are given the drug Benzathinebenzylpenicillin 2.4 million
IU, single dose IM injection, alternative for patients allergic to penicillin.given
doxycycline 100 mg orally, 2 times/day for 30 days. Tell them about the
medicine,works for p. Emphasize that the medicine must be taken according to the
directions so that it has an effect.can be maximized.3) How to avoid infecting other
people For people suffering from syphilis, they are asked not to have sexual relations
beforehand. Because sexual intercourse is the most effective way of transmission. The
patient was asked not to having sexual relations with multiple partners. Education is
carried out directly by the doctor treating the patient. Be delivered in everyday
language, so that what the doctor says is easy to understand and comprehend by the
patient. How to treat patients with syphilis as an effort to prevent and The patient's
treatment is conveyed about how this disease can be transmitted and gives warnings
telling the patient not to have sexual intercourse first is included in the patient's efforts
don't pass it on to other people. The doctor explains the rules for taking medication and
Routine control that patients must undergo at least once every 2 weeks as a form of
treatment towards patients.Latent Syphilis: Diagnosis and Therapy
Compliance with treatment, follow-up observation, and examination of sexual
partners are very important in the management of syphilis. Therefore,
information about the disease and its management must be conveyed clearly
to sufferers. Apart from that, it must also be conveyed that sexual relations
should be avoided until 2 weeks after. treatment,6 and HIV screening is
carried out.5 Recommendations for syphilis treatment are based on the
Indonesian Ministry of Health's STI Management Guidelines. Sufferers of early
latent syphilis are given a single dose of benzathine penicillin G injection at a
dose of 2.4 million UI, IM, while for sufferers of late latent syphilis or whose
duration is unknown, the dose is given three times with an interval of one
week. If one dose is missed, treatment can continue (no need to repeat), as
long as the interval between the first and second injection is no more than 2
weeks, but in pregnant women the dose must be repeated. In patients with
early latent syphilis and late latent syphilis who allergic to penicillin and not
pregnant, oral doxycycline 2 x 100 mg/day or oral tetracycline 4 x 500 mg/day
 for 3o days can be given. °' Giving azithromycin 2 grams in a single dose is
quite effective in early syphilis, however resistance to azithromycin has been
reported in several areas specific geography.3 Treatment of syphilis in
pregnant women not allergic to penicillin, treatment is the same as for non-
pregnant patients and according to the stage of the disease. In pregnant
women with early syphilis and late syphilis who are allergic to penicillin, oral
erythromycin 4x500 mg/day is given, for 3o days.' Syphilis sufferers with HIV
infection are given the same treatment as HIV-negative syphilis sufferers,13
but observation must be more stringent.° At all stages of syphilis, treatment is
declared successful if three months to six months after treatment the
nontreponemal test titer decreases four times."
Syphilis sufferers who have been given adequate treatment must be
reevaluated clinically and serologically7a" (quantitative nontreponemal test)
at 1.28 3, 6, 12 months after treatment. In patients with early latent syphilis
who have been treated and the nontreponemal test results are nonreactive,
must be observed until the end of the second year12 months after treatment
became seronegative then observation can be stopped.'In late latent syphilis,
evaluation is carried out at 3, 6, and12 months after treatment, if it is still
reactive, evaluation is carried out for 2-3 years at 12 month intervals. In the
case with HIV infection evaluation was carried out 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months
after treatment."If the nontreponemal titer increases or does not decrease four times
within 6-12 months after treatment, then treatment is considered a failure. Sufferers
must repeat treatment from the beginning or treatment must be more aggressive, for
example administering intravenous penicillin as in neurosyphilis. Most experts re-
treat these sufferers with administration3 doses of benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million
UI, IM with an interval of 1 week, if the results of the cerebrospinal fluid examination
are normal.
 Low Birth Weight Babies: According to his life expectancy:1) Low Birth Weight
Babies (LBW), namely babies with birth weigh1500-2500 grams.2) Very Low Birth
Weight (BBLSR) or Very Low BirthWeight (VLBW), namely babies with a birth
weight of 1000-1500 grams.3) Extremely Low Birth Weight Babies (BBLER) or
Extremety LowBirth Weight (ELBW), namely babies with a birth weight of less than
1000 grams. Common signs and symptoms of LBW include:Body weight less than
2500 grams,. Body length less than or equal to 45 cm, Head circumference less than
33 cm, Chest circumference less than or equal to 30 cm,Little or no vernix caseosa,
Little fat tissue under the skin,Soft skull bones move easily,Crying weakly, Thin, red,
and transparent skin,Weak muscle tone,The location of the ears is down,Small head
size, Anemia, Hyperbilirubinemia(Maryunani, 2013).. Pathophysiology of LBW The
level of maturity of the function of the neonate's organ systems is a requirementto
adapt to life outside the womb. In general, the baby is overweightThis low birth rate is
related to the gestational age being less than a month old or prematurity caused by
dysmaturity. Usually this happens becausecaused by disturbances in the growth of the
baby while in the wombby maternal factors, pregnancy complications, fetal
 complications, placental causesThe mother's food supply to the baby decreases. Other
factors that cause babies Low birth weight, namely genetic or chromosomal factors,
infection, pregnancydoubles, smokers, premium alcohol, and so on ,complitation,
diagnosis, history taking, supporting examinations

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