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Basic Geometry

The document covers fundamental concepts in geometry, including points, lines, angles, triangles, and circles. It defines various types of angles, triangles, and provides formulas for the Pythagorean theorem, perimeter, and area of different shapes. Additionally, it outlines key formulas for the circumference and area of circles.

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partyballoonz261
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23 views4 pages

Basic Geometry

The document covers fundamental concepts in geometry, including points, lines, angles, triangles, and circles. It defines various types of angles, triangles, and provides formulas for the Pythagorean theorem, perimeter, and area of different shapes. Additionally, it outlines key formulas for the circumference and area of circles.

Uploaded by

partyballoonz261
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 2: Geometry

Points, Lines, and Angles


A point is a location in space with no dimensions. It is usually represented by a
dot.

A line is a one-dimensional object that extends infinitely in both directions.

Angles are formed when two lines meet at a point, called the vertex. The measure of
an angle is the amount of rotation between the two lines.

Types of Angles:

Acute Angle: Less than 90°

Right Angle: Exactly 90°

Obtuse Angle: Greater than 90° but less than 180°

Straight Angle: Exactly 180°

Triangles
A triangle is a polygon with three sides. There are different types of triangles
based on side lengths and angles:

Equilateral Triangle: All sides and angles are equal (each angle is 60°).

Isosceles Triangle: Two sides are equal, and the angles opposite these sides are
also equal.

Scalene Triangle: All sides and angles are different.

Right Triangle: One angle is exactly 90°.

The sum of the interior angles of any triangle is always 180°.

The Pythagorean Theorem


The Pythagorean theorem applies to right triangles and relates the lengths of the
sides.

𝑎
Formula:

𝑏
+

𝑐
=

2
a
2
+b
2
=c
2

𝑎
, where

𝑏
a and

b are the legs and


𝑐
c is the hypotenuse.

𝑎
Example: If

=
3

𝑏
a=3 and

=
4

𝑐
b=4, find

c.

3
2
+
4
2

𝑐
=

2
3
2
+4
2
=c
2

9
+
16

𝑐
=

2
9+16=c
2

25

𝑐
=

2
25=c
2

𝑐
, so

=
5
c=5.

Perimeter and Area


The perimeter of a shape is the total length around the figure.

𝑃
Rectangle:

=
𝑙
2

𝑤
2

𝑙
P=2l+2w where

𝑤
l is the length and

w is the width.

𝑃
Triangle:

𝑎
=

𝑏
+

𝑐
+

𝑎
P=a+b+c where

𝑏
a,

𝑐
b, and

c are the side lengths.

The area of a shape is the space enclosed within the boundary.

𝐴
Rectangle:

𝑙
=

𝑤
×

A=l×w

𝐴
Triangle:

=
1
2
×
base
×
height
A=
2
1

×base×height

𝐴
Circle:

𝜋
=

𝑟
2
A=πr
2

Circles
A circle is a set of points that are all equidistant from a central point. Key
formulas include:

𝐶
Circumference:

𝜋
2

𝑟
C=2πr

𝐴
Area:

𝜋
=

𝑟
2
A=πr
2

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