Motion

Part 1: Motion and Speed

Speed

Speed is the distance an object travels

per unit of time.

To calculate speed:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Distance is in meters (m)

Time is in seconds (s)
Speed is in meters per second (m/s)
Example 1
A snail takes 5.0 s to crawl across the ruler.

Speed
Speed
Speed
==Distance
0.07
= 2.0mcm/s
÷÷5.0
Times
Example 2
A car drives 250 m in one minute.

Speed
Speed
Speed
= Distance
==
2504.17
m ÷m/s
÷60
Time
s
Use the Formula Triangle!

d
s t
To calculate To calculate To calculate
speed: time: distance:

s=d/t t=d/s d=sxt

Example (textbook pg 79)
 Reminder!

DO NOT GET THE UNITS WRONG!

WRONG UNIT = WRONG ANSWER

Let’s Try!
Let’s Try!
Let’s try!
Distance vs. Displacement
Distance and displacement are different.

Distance Displacement
How far an object The distance and
moves in total. direction an object
moves from a starting
position.
Distance vs. Displacement

Jeffrey, my
distance was
176 meters!
BE N

But Billy, your

G

displacement was
I

1 meter!

D
EN
Distance vs. Displacement

90 ft.

Distance = 90 ft. Displacement = 90 ft.

Distance vs. Displacement

90 ft.

90 ft.

Distance = 180 ft. Displacement =127 ft.

Distance vs. Displacement

90 ft. 90 ft.

90 ft.

Distance = 270 ft. Displacement = 90 ft.

Distance vs. Displacement

90 ft. 90 ft.

90 ft. 90 ft.

Distance = 360 ft. Displacement = 0 ft.

 Textbook page 81
(copy questions & answer in Science exercise book)
Any Questions?
Motion
Part 2: Distance-Time Graphs
Graphing Speed
The motion of an object can be graphed.

A distance-time graph shows the motion

of a certain object in line graph form.

Time is plotted on the horizontal (X) axis

Distance is plotted on the vertical (Y) axis
Distance-Time Graphs

Time (s) Distance (m) The slope of a

0 0
distance-time
1 2 graph is the
2 4 speed
3 6
4 8
5 8
6 8
7 8
8 8
9 12
10 16
Distance-Time Graphs
S=D÷T
=0÷4
= 0 m/s

S=D÷T
=8÷4 S=D÷T
= 2 m/s =8÷2
= 4 m/s
Distance-Time Graphs

Constant Constant speed No

speed (moving closer) speed
(moving away) (standing still)
(and faster!)
Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
stays the same as
Distance (m)

the time (s)

increases

• Therefore, the
object is at rest (not
Time (s)
moving)
Interpreting a D-T Graph (2)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving away from
Distance (m)

the reference point

• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
Time (s) moving quickly
Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving towards the
Distance (m)

reference point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
Time (s) moving slowly
Interpreting a D-T Graph (4)
Analysis:
• In Part A, the object
is moving away at a
Distance (m)

constant speed
• In Part B, the object
B
is at rest
A C
• In Part C, it is
moving towards at
Time (s) constant speed
 Textbook pg 85

1: Starting position is zero. The car travels at constant speed away from point A to
point B. This shows a straight, upward sloping line.

2: The car stops at B. It is stationary or at rest. Distance does not change.

3: The car starts moving again at constant speed, this time faster that when it travelled
from point A to point B. The graph shows steeper, straight upward sloping line.

4: The car travels at constant speed back to starting position. Distance decreases
with time. Graph shows straight downward sloping line.
Let’s Try!
Textbook pg 86
Let’s Try!
Let’s Try!
Let’s Try!
Let’s Try!
 Textbook page 81
(copy questions & answer in Science exercise book)
Any Questions?
Motion
Part 3: Velocity and Acceleration
Review: Speed

Speed is the distance an object travels

in a specific amount of time.

To calculate speed:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Distance is in meters (m)
Time is in seconds (s)
Speed is in meters per second (m/s)
Velocity
Sometimes, knowing the speed isn’t enough.

For example, sailors must know the speed and

direction their boat is travelling in.

Velocity is a description of
both speed and direction.

e.g. a sailboat travelling at

20 kph in a SE direction
Velocity
Sometimes, knowing the speed isn’t enough.

For example, sailors must know the speed and

direction their boat is travelling in.

Velocity is an example
of a vector, a quantity
that has both magnitude and
direction.
Acceleration
Objects can speed up, slow down or change direction.

Acceleration measures how much an object’s

speed changes over a certain time.

Acceleration can be:

A change in speed

A change in direction

A change in speed & direction

Acceleration
Acceleration can be positive, negative or zero.

Positive Acceleration Object speeds up

Negative Acceleration Object slows down

Zero Acceleration Constant or no speed

Acceleration
Formula for acceleration:

acceleration = change in velocity

time

a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t

Velocity: meters per seconds (m/s)

Time: seconds (s)
Acceleration: meters per second squared (m/s2)
Example 1
A motorcycle’s velocity at the top of the hill is 11.0
m/s. 4.0 seconds later it reaches the bottom of the hill
with a velocity of 20.0 m/s. What is the acceleration of
the motorcycle?

a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
a = 20.0 m/s - 11.0 m/s
4.0
a = 9.0 m/s
4.0
a = 2.25 m/s2
Example 2
A speed skater just finished a race. After she crossed the
finish line, she coasted to a complete stop. If her initial
speed was 13.0 m/s and her acceleration was -2.9 m/s2, how
long did it take her to stop?

a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
- 2.9 m/s2 = 0.0 m/s - 13.0 m/s
t
t (- 2.9) = - 13.0 m/s
t = - 13.0 m/s / - 2.9
t = 4.5 s
Any Questions?
Motion
Part 4: Speed-Time Graphs
Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
increasing as time
Distance (m)

(s) passes
• The distance gets
larger and larger
with each second
• This shows (+)
Time (s)
acceleration
Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
decreasing as time
Distance (m)

(s) passes
• The distance gets
smaller & smaller
with each second
• This shows (-)
Time (s)
acceleration
Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
from a reference
Distance (m)

point is increasing
• It is increasing at a
regular rate
• This shows (0)
acceleration
Time (s)
Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving towards the
Distance (m)

reference point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
Time (s) moving slowly
Interpreting a S-T Graph (4)
Analysis:
• The speed (m/s) is
constant as time (s)
Speed (m/s)

passes
• The object’s speed
is not changing
• This shows (0)
acceleration
Time (s)
Interpreting a S-T Graph (5)
Analysis:
• The speed (m/s) is
increasing as time
Speed (m/s)

(s) passes
• The object speed is
changing
• This shows (+)
acceleration
Time (s)
Any Questions?