User Defined
⚫ System Verilog allows user to define new data types
using typedef keyword.
typedef byte unsigned uint8; //Defining uint8
typedef bit [15:0] word; //Defining word
uint8 a, b;
word c, d;
a=8’d10;
c=16’d25;
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Structures
⚫ Structure and Unions are used to group non-
homogenous data types.
⚫ By default structure are unpacked.
⚫ Unpacked structure can contain any data type.
Declaration :
struct { bit [7:0] opcode; struct {bit [7:0] r, g, b;} pixel;
bit [15:0] addr; } IR;
struct {int a, b; real b;} mix;
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Structures
Initializing : Accessing :
IR=‘{opcode : 7’d8, addr : 15’d1}; int x;
pixel=‘{ 128, 255, 100}; bit [7:0] y;
pixel=‘{ r :128, g : 255, b :100}; pixel.r=200;
pixel=‘{ int :0}; mix.a=3;
mix=‘{ 3, 5, 5.6}; mix.c=4.5;
mix=‘{ int : 1, real : 1.0}; x=mix.b;
mix=‘{ default : 0}; y=pixel.g;
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Packed Structures
⚫ Packed Structure is made up of bit fields which are
packed together in memory without gaps.
⚫ A packed structure can be used as a whole to perform
arithmetic and logical operations.
⚫ First member of packed array occupies MSB and
subsequent members follow decreasing significance.
⚫ Structures can be packed by writing packed keyword
which can be followed by signed or unsigned keyword.
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Packed Structures
Example :
typedef struct packed signed { shortint a; //16-bits [31:16]
byte b; //8-bits [15:8]
bit [7:0] c; //8-bits [7:0]
} exam_st;
exam_st pack1;
bit [7:0] a, b, c;
pack1=‘{a: ’1, b: -10, c: 8’b1001_0101};
a=pack1.b;
b=pack1.c;
c=pack1[9:2];
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Packed Structures
⚫ Only packed data type and integer data types are allowed
inside packed structures
struct packed // default unsigned
{ bit [3:0] a;
bit [7:0] b;
bit [15:0] c [7:0] ; } pack2;
Compilation Error packed structure cannot have unpacked
element
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Packed vs Unpacked Structures
struct { bit [7:0] a; struct packed { bit [7:0] a;
bit [15:0] b; bit [15:0] b;
int c; int c;
} str1; } str2;
31:24 23:16 15:8 7:0
Unused a 55:48 47:32 31:0
Unused b a b c
c
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Unions
⚫ Union represents a single piece of storage element that
can be accessed by any of its member.
⚫ Only one data types in union can be used at a time.
Example :
union union packed
{ real a; { real a;
int b; int b;
bit [7:0] c; } exam1; bit [7:0] c; }
exam2;
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Unions
Example :
typedef union
{ shortint a;
00 00 00 00
int b;
bit [7:0] c; } my_un;
my_un un1; 00 00 F0 F0
un1.a=16’hf0f0;
$displayh(un1.b);
00 00 F0 AA
un1.c=8’b1010_1010;
$displayh(un1.b);
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Structures vs Unions
Structure Union
Memory is allocated to each Common memory is allocated
and every element. for all the members.
Size of structure is sum of size Size of union is equal to size of
of each member or more. largest member
First member is at offset 0. All member have 0 offset.
Modifying value of one member Modifying value of one member
has no effect on other members modifies value of all members
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