COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TRAINER (Model : XPO-COM)

Fiber Optic Communication Trainer

Radiation plot for IR/RED LED/LDR

using Goniometer (optional) CM16

SALIENT FEATURES
u Can learn and experiment about variety of communication mediums (AM, FM, FO Wired) & methods (Modulation / Demodulation Analog/ Digital).
u Covers Analog communication, Digital communication, Fiber optics characteristics as well as communication, Wired communication through various
modular experiment panels implemented using latest state of arts VLSI/CPLD's.
u Aesthetically designed injection molded electronic desk (master unit) carrying useful experiment resources like power supplies, Multi Fuction
generators, FM/AM/FO/Transmitter/receiver, MIC and L/S amplifier, Butterworth Filter (BWF), Sync sine waves etc while central slot will hold various
replaceable experiment panels. Order 10 MUs + 10 Panels sets or mu multiples.
u Can buy CM6,CM7,P19 as stand alone panels to save money.
u Connection through sturdy 4mm Banana sockets, patch cords, ST connectors, BNC Connectors.
u Student workbook & instructor's Guide provided

SPECIFICATIONS OF MASTER UNIT l Output Voltage : 0-10 Vpp

u Built in DC Power Supply : l Controls : Amplitude control pot
5V/1A, ± 12V/500mA, 0 to -15V DC (Variable) / 100mA, l Mic with Pre-Amp. Hand held Electret / dynamic microphone with
0 to15V DC (Variable)/100mA. preamplifier for audio range.
u Waveform Generator : l Audio Amplifier : Variable Gain upto 20 for Audio range, Built in
1. Carrier Generator: Loudspeaker - 8 ohm/500mW / earphone.
l Waveform : SINE / TRG / TTL / CMOS (settable) l Pink Noise Gen. : Frequency response of filter for audio range.
l Output Frequency : 1 Hz to 1 MHz l Buffer/AC amplifier : NIV gain amplifier 2 Nos, Gain- 0-20, For Non
l Output Voltage : 0-20 Vpp sinusoidal Signal Generator cum INV buffer.
l Controls : Frequency & Amplitude control pots l BNC TO Banana Converter : Converts 1 BNC Socket to 2 Banana Sockets
(4mm) & Vice Versa.
l Modulation : AM (std) -I/P volt - ±5V, 0V-No modulation AM (DSBSC)-
I/P volt. 0-9.8 Vpp, o/p volt.0- 2.7, FM I/P volt. 400mV (±50% l Butter Worth Filter [LPF]: 4 Nos - 2 pole/4 pole butter worth filter cutoff freq
modulation), ASK- I/P upto 500Hz, ±5V Square wave, FSK-I/P upto 3.4 KHz Audio range.
500Hz, ±4.5V Square wave. l Pseudo Random Binary Sequence generator : Switch settable for on/off fix
2. Audio Oscillator: 15 bit PRBS Generator, will also function as input digital data stream
generator.
l Waveform : SINE / TRG / SQUARE
u Wireless Communication :
l Output Frequency : 50 Hz to 5KHz
u 1a. FM Transmitter (Transistorized) :
l Output Voltage : Sine 0-2Vpp, Sq. 0-9 Vpp, TRG. 0-3Vpp
l Carrier Tunable from 88 MHz to 108 MHz with built in FM [VCD]
l Controls : Freq & Amplitude control pots.
l Modulating Signal : Amplitude - 5Vpp, Freq. - Audio Range
3. Synchronized Sine Wave Generator :
l Tx Power O/P : 50 to 100mW
l Input : 32 KHz TTL I/P to Generate 4 nos. of sync. sine O/P
u 1b. FM Receiver : External 5 BS5 to connect to antenna, 2nd IF Input, 2nd
l Waveform : SINE
IF Output, speaker & Audio amplifier, AM/FM Select switch, L/S impedance
l Output Frequency : 250 / 500 / 1000 / 2000 Hz 8 ohm / 0.5 W.
 lControls (Manually) : Settable 88 to 108 MHz. u Receiver 1 No. PIN photo diode (SFH 203) : Max wave length =850 nm,
lAntenna / Transmission: Telescopic antenna [3 branch antenna] optional. Rise time and Fall Time tr & tf=5ns, Reverse voltage: 50V, Total Power
u 2a. AM Transmitter (Transistorized):
Dissipation: 100mW, Photo Current: 135(>/= 100µA).
l Carrier : 500KHz to 1.5MHz u Function Blocks:
l Modulating Signal: Amplitude - 5Vpp, Freq.- Audio Range. a] AC Amplifiers: 1 nos,b]Comparator : 1 nos c] Fibre Optic Driver with :
l Tx Power Output : 50 to 100mW. Analog Bandwidth: 500KHz(except LASER) &1MHz for LASER, Digital
Bandwidth: 1 MHz (except LASER) &2MHz for LASER d ] Vo i c e l i n k :
u 2b. AM Receiver : External 5 BS5 to connect to antenna, 2nd IF Input, 2nd
established using microphone & speaker (Master unit [MU]) e] PC –PC
IF O/P, speaker & Audio amplifier, AM/FM Select switch, L/S impedance 8
Communication: Using RS –232 interface 9 pin D – connector, Baud Rate:
ohm / 0.5 W.
2400, f] Switched faults: 4 in transmitter 4 in receiver.
l Controls (Manually) : Gain control settable from 0 to 4.5V.
u Accessories
u 3a. Fibre Optics Transmitter :
N.A. APPARATUS, Bending radii stack (BR), fiber optic cable: 1m, 5m with
l Data Input Bandwidth : 500KHz to 1.5MHz. SMA CONNECTOR, Electrical Interference Experiment Apparatus,
l Modulating Signal : Amplitude - 5Vpp, Freq.- Audio Range. Coupling loss apparatus, Speaker and MIC (from MU).
l Tx Power Output : 50 to 100mW. List of experiments (14) : DC Characteristics of transmitter diodes,
u 3b. FO Receiver : Detector (tr=8ms) separate BS5 socket for digital, AC SENSITIVITY of Optical Fiber, AC Frequency Response - Analog Link &
coupled & TTL o/ps. BW, Digital Frequency Response - Digital Link & B.W, Numerical
l Controls (Manually) : Transmitter bias control. Aperture, Losses in cable- i) Bending loss ii) Transmission loss
l Antenna / Transmission: 1m plastic fiber cable, CRT-1.492, NA- 0.5, iii) Coupling loss. Immunity to Electrical Noise interference of optical fiber
λ– 660nm, step index, terminated with SMA connector. PC interface : Using RS 232, Signal transmission using Pulse Width
Mechanical Dimensions : Modulation & Demodulation, VOICE COMMUNICATION using direct
transmission as well as modulated using PWM,Voice transmission using
(A) Master Unit : 460mm(W), 160mm(H), 350mm(D)
Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation, Signal transmission using
Net weight : 5 Kg. Gross Wt.: 7 Kg. Frequency Modulation & Demodulation, SWITCHED FAULTS.
(B) Panel : 215mm(W), 165mm(H), 40mm(D) u Optional expansion module
Net weight : 700 gm approx. High speed digital link (B.W.=2MHz) with 1m FO cable.
(C) Operating Voltage : 220/240Vac switch settable ±10%, 50Hz/35VA. l Transmitter
List of Experiment on Master Unit (9): 1) Voice link using mic & LS
Forward input current (IFPK): 1000 mA (IFdc)=80 mA, R e v e r s e i n p u t
amplifier, 2) Study of AM Xmitter / Receiver, 3) Study of FM Xmitter / voltage: VBR= 5V, Peak wavelength emission: 660 nm, N.A.:0.5, Rise
Receiver, 4) Band determination of PLL as FM Detector 5) A) PLL as FM time: 80 ns, Fall time: 40 ns.
Detector B) FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) Mod / Demod [Wired] C) FSK
(Frequency Shift Keying) Mod / Demod [Through FO] 6) A) Diode as AM l Receiver
Detector B) ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) Mod / Demod [Wired] C) ASK Supply voltage: (max) 7V, O/p collector current: 25 mA, O / p c o l l e c t o r
(Amplitude Shift Keying) Mod / Demod [Through FO] power dissipation: 40 mW, O/P VOLTAGE: 18v, Fan out (TTL): 5
7) Fiber Optics Transmitter / Receiver 7.1) Analog Bandwidth. 7.2) Digital
Bandwidth. 7.3) Voice Communication using mic, speaker & Fiber optics 2) 1 channel Sampling & Reconstruction, 4 Channel TDM/PAM & PPM,
7.4) Listening to AM/FM Radio through Fiber Optics link PWM, PFM Expt. panel (CM2)
8) Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Generator [PRBS] 9) Study of (Provided with 20 banana + 10 TPs + 10 Leds)
active filters, Noise generation & elimination. A) Study of Pink Noise l Crystal Freq.-10 MHz.
Generator B) Study of Signal To Noise Ratio of an Amplifier C) Study of
l Switched faults : - 4 Nos.
active 2nd & 4th order Low Pass Filter D) Study of Frequency response of
HPF / AC Amplifier [3H] E) Study of Frequency response of HPF / AC l 1 channel Sampling/ Reconstruction & 4 Channel TDM/PAM &
Amplifier [1.6K]. demodulation: -
SA OPTION u Modular experiment panels : Following experiement panels normally a) Modulator : Analog i/p channel: - 4 Nos, 10 Vpp, Bipolar. Settable
work in conjuction with COM Master unit. However they can be Sampling Freq. (1of 7) : 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1 KHz With Settable
ordered as standalone (SA) units with built in power supply, Mic Duty Cycle 10-90 % in decade steps.
amplifier, LS amplifier, Low Pass filter (Atleast select one or more b) De-Modulator : Clock Regeneration using PLL, LPF, 1/2/3 Wire
panels). Communications
MU OPTION u Shares common resources like PS, Sync Sin Waves, Carrier u PWM / PPM
generator, Audio Frequency Oscillator /Signal source from DTFFG- a) Modulator : I/P freq Audio range (Sine) @ 0-8 Vpp , Carrier Freq -
III, 2-P/4-P Low Pass filter from NGLPF Card, PRBS Generator, MIC 64KHz (TRG) @ 8 Vpp O/P TTL.
Pre-Amplifier, Audio Amplifier from Master Unit (MU). etc.
b) De-Modulator : LPF ( MU ), PPM is converter into PWM then
1) Plastic Fiber Optics Cable Expt. Panel (CM1) Demodulated.
(Provided with 16 banana + 2 TPs + 1 LED) u PFM
u Fiber optic cable (plastic): Core material : PMMA (polymethyl
a) Modulator : Center Freq ( 64KHz / TTL ) from Function Generator
methacylate), Cladding material: fluorinated polymer, Fiber structure: step (MU) is FM modulated by audio signal generating PFM pulse train.
index type, Core cladding diameter: 90 /1000 microns, Core refractive
b) De-Modulator : PLL Detector followed by LPF from MU.
index : 1.492, Cladding refractive index: 1.405 to 1.417, Numerical
aperture : 0.5(typically), Acceptance angle: 55 to 60 degrees, Attenuation List of experiments (3) : Single channel PAM Sampling [1CH Signal
(60nm):0.3 dB/meter, Jacket material: polythene (black): 2.2 mm OD, Sampling & Reconstruction (1 CH SSRC)] i) Natural Sampling, ii) Flat Top
LENGTH=1m, 5m Sampling (Sample Hold), Multichannel [4CH / 2CH for SA] PAM Sampling,
u Transmitter: 4 nos. LASER (780nm), RED (660nm), BLUE (470nm),
multiplexing of data over single wire & demultiplexing of data at receiver to
IR SFH 485 (850nm), Reverse voltage: VR =5V, Forward Current: reconstruct 4 channels by various method 3 \ 2 \ 1 wires [mode 1, 2, 3
IF=100mA, Power dissipation: Ptot =200mW,Wave length at peak respectively., PWM \ PFM \ PPM Pulse modulation & demodulation as a
emission: λ peak = 880nm. methods of digital communication.
3) Carrier modulation/ Demodulation Expt. Panel (CM3) l Modulator: Balanced modulator (DSB SC) - 2Nos. and DSB - TC -1 No.,
(Provided with 38 banana + 3 Tps) SSB - SC - 1No.
l Carrier Sine wave-500KHz, 250KHz(0° phase) & 250KHz(90° phase) l Demodulator: Envelope detector-1 No., Product detector -1 No.
with settable amplitude 0 to 2Vpp. l Frequency division multiplexing with 2 Nos. of DSB-SC AM
l 4 MHz Crystal Stabilized Clock. channels (Use P19 for demod of FDM - AM), 2p LPF for stand alone
l On board Unipolar to Bi polar Converter, Data Squaring. application.
l Carrier Modulation Techniques ASK, FSK, PSK & QPSK. List of experiments (12) : DSB modulation with transmitted carrier (TC),
l Carrier De-Modulation Techniques ASK (Rectifier Detector), FSK DSB modulation with suppressed carrier (SC), Ceramic filter (BPF), SSB
(Phase Lock Loop Detector), PSK (Squaring loop Detector) and QPSK SC modulation (for upper/lower side band), DSB TC demodulation, DSB
(Fourth power loop detector). SC demodulation, SSB SC demodulation, ASK
l Low Pass Filter 2 Nos with Cut off Frequency 340KHz. Demodulation using synchronous detector, QAM mod demod,FDM-AM
using P19(AM/FM receiver kit), Voice communication, Switched faults.
List of experiments (4) : Amplitude Shift Keying [ASK] Modulation /
Demodulation, Frequency Shift Keying [FSK] Modulation / Demodulation, u CBT (Optional) - Proving theory of AM (DSB-SC, SSB-SC, FDM, QAM)
Phase Shift Keying [PSK] Modulation / Demodulation, Quadrature Phase using numerical method on PC (Excel Graphs)
Shift Keying [QPSK] Modulation / Demodulation.
7) AM demodulator cum AM-FM Receiver Expt. Panel (P19)
4) 2 Channel Pulse Code [TDM/ PCM] Modulation / Demodulation with (Provided with 3 banana + 20TPs.)
frame & bit Error Detection & synchronization & Correction Expt. Consisting of antenna, RF amplifier, IF amplifier, Local oscillator (455KHz),
Panel (CM4) Mixer, Audio amplifier with L/S.
(Provided with 22 banana + 6 TPs + 20 Leds) l AM demodulator - Diode Detector for DSB.
l Switched faults: - 4 Nos. + 2 No Switches for bit error simulation l Switched faults -16 Nos.
l 1 & 2 Ch TDM / PCM Mod - Demod: - 1/2/3 Wire Communications l Synthesized Superheterodyne Receiver - AM receiver cum tunner (450 to
a) Modulator : Analog i/p : - 2 Nos, 10 Vpp , onboard Two adjustable 1450KHz), FM receiver cum tunner (88 to 108MHz)
variable DC source, Sampling Freq. 16KHz per Channel for Fast List of Experiment (8): AM receiver (5) : DSB TC demodulation using
mode & 0.106 Hz per Channel for Slow Mode, use of PRBS to tuning of AM receiver, Sensitivity of radio receiver, Signal to noise ratio,
generate frame marker useful to establish syc. in receiver during 1/2 Effect of AGC, Fidelity of Radio Receiver.
wire communications. FM receiver (3): FM demod using tuning of FM receiver, Sensitivity of
b) De-Modulator :Synchronization is established by using Pseudo radio receiver, Selectivity of radio receiver.
Random Binary Sequence, Clock Regeneration using PLL. FDM AM : Using CM6, Frequency Division Multiplexed channel recovery.
c) Frame & bit Error Detection :Use of PRBS for synchronization.
Selectable Even, Odd parity (Binary cyclic) & Hamming (Linear Block 8) FM Modulation & Demodulation Expt. Panel (CM7)
code) (Provided with 28 banana + 3TPs.)
d) Error Correction :Single or Double Data bit error correction using l Switched faults: - 8 Nos.
Hamming code. l Modulator : (With center freq. 455 KHz). Reactance Modulator, Varactor
l Voice communication using wired PCM. Modulator with center frequency adjustment, Phase modulator using
l Voice communication using Fiber optics (CM1) & PCM. varactor, Armstrong Modulator using PLL.
List of experiments (8) : Single channel Pulse Code Modulation & l Demodulator : Detuned resonant circuit detector, Quadrature detector,
Demodulation by various method 3/2/1 wires [mode 1, 2, 3 respectively], Foster-Seeley discriminators, Ratio detector, P h a s e - l o c k e d l o o p
Two channel TDM, PCM Modulation & Demodulation by various method detector & determination of capture and lock range, Phase Demodulator
3/2/1 wires [mode 1, 2, 3 respectively],Use of PRBS for frame using quadrature detector. 2P LPF for standalone application.
synchronization by adding a Bit (Marker) in 2 / 1 Wire (Mode 2, 3 l Pre-emphasis & De-emphasis Block for flat frequency response.
respectively), Study of Error Code Check such as Even Parity, Odd Parity
List of experiments (12) : Frequency modulation using : R e a c t a n c e
and 1 bit / 2 bit error simulation & correction by Hamming Code, Voice and
modulator, Varactor modulator, Phase modulator using varactor,
Radio communication using PCM, Study of ADC / DAC [CODEC] by
Frequency demodulation using : Detuned resonant detector, Foster
observing on Leds & by applying DC Levels at single or both i/ps, Switched
Seeley/ratio detector, Study of PLL capture & lock range & its use as FM
Faults, Study of eye diagram, PC Communication using PCM.
detector, Use of PLL as Armstrong Modulator, Quadrature detector, Phase
demodulation using quadrature detector, Introduction of noise & its effects
5) Delta, adaptive delta, sigma delta modulation and demodulation on frequency modulation, Voice communication, pre-emphasis & de-
Experiment Panel (CM5) (Provided with 26 banana+ 5TPs.) emphasis for flat frequency response, Switched faults.
l Consisting of Voltage comparator, differential amplifier, TTL to Bipolar u CBT (Optional) - Proving theory of FM, PM (using numerical method on
Converter. PC (Excel Graphs)
l Switched faults. (4 Nos.) 9) Data Formatting / Reformatting Expt. Panel (CM8)
l Delta, adaptive delta (CVSD), sigma modulation & demodulation, Adaptive (Provided with 18 banana.)
control circuits 2Nos. each, provides 2 bit binary code, used to control gain l Data Formatting and Reformatting Option NRZ (L), NRZ (M), Polar RZ
of an integrator for adaptive delta modulation. (AMI) & NRZ, Bipolar RZ & NRZ, Bi-phase Manchester, Bi-phase Mark,
l Companding : Using compressor and expander function blocks, Study of Differential Encoded Dibit (For use with QPSK).] -8 Nos. of encoders & 3
Mu Law & A Law. Nos. of bit decoders & 1 No. of dibit decoders.
List of experiments (6) : Delta mod-demod, Adaptive (CVSD) delta mod l Bi phase Clock Recovery - By using Phase Lock Loop (PLL) with center
demod, Sigma delta mod demod, Voice communication, Effect of frequency 250KHz & 32KHz selectable.
companding on delta mod-demod, Switched faults. List of experiments (3) : Study of RZ, NRZ-L [Non Return To Zero - Level],
6) AM modulation & demodulation Expt . panel (CM6) NRZ-M [Non Return to Zero - Mark], Bi phase Mark, NRZ-S, Bi phase
(Provided with 26 banana) Manchester encoders & decoders) Study of RZ - AMI [Return To Zero -
l Consisting of 3 Nos. modulators, Ceramic BPF, envelope - diode detector, Alternate Mark Inversion] encoder & decoder, Study of differential DIBIT
product detector. Built in LPF for standalone application. [MSB / LSB] Encoder & Decoder.
l Switched faults - 4 Nos.
10) Fourier analysis cum synthesis expt. panel (FAS) (CM 9) b) Demodulator Function Blocks :- 1 Analog Output- 10Vpp & Audio upto
(Provided with 12 banana + 11 Tps.) 300Hz [1KHz], switch selectable DAC O/P either 16 QAM O/P or Demod
l Fundamental frequency 1KHz O/P, original signal recovered by passing through 2P/4P Butterworth filter
on NGLPF Panel (MU), 7 Bit DAC, Signed Adder, 7 Bit Amplitude & Phase
l Analysis by Splitting 1KHz square wave into fundamental sin and 9
comparator, Latch & Mux.
harmonics including DC component if any.
List of experiments (6) : Generate 16 QAM modulated sin output, Verify
l Synthesis of 10 above components to generate original signal.
constancy of frequency but only phase angle and amplitude varies
l Display frequency components on CRO using spectrum display controller depending upon modulation bits, Draw constellation diagram for 16 QAM,
in external trigger mode. Determine upper limit of data rate given a particular carrier frequency,
l Study of filters (LPF, HPF, BPF) and display characteristics curve on CRO Send and receive voice using 16 QAM, Cycle slip error
(XY Mode) using FM sweep display.
List of experiments (5) : Fourier analysis, Fourier synthesis, Spectrum 14) 4 Channel CDMA Modulation / Demodulation Expt. Panel (CM13)
Analyzer cum Fourier component display on CRO, S t u d y o f f i l t e r s ,
(Provided with 12 banana + 7 LEDs + 2TPs + 5 switches)
Switched faults.
l On-board Clock source @1. 2 MHz.
u CBT (Optional) - Proving theory of Fourier Analysis & Synthesis [using
numerical method on PC (Excel Graphs)] a) Modulator Function Blocks : High speed 7 bit ADC & 4 station data
(sequence generator), 4 parallel in serial out (PISO) converter, 4 chip
sequence (m=8) generators, signed digital adder, modulation control
11) Transmission Line Expt. Panel (CM10) (Provided with 27 banana) mode select switches, CDMA clock control logic.
l Consisting of 50 ohm, 70 ohm simulated line, pulse generator, 50 ohm line b) Demodulator Function Blocks : Signed synchronous multiplier, station
driver, BNC to banana adaptor- 2nos, Impedance matching variable select mux, bipolar to unipolar converter, serial in parallel out (SIPO) and 7
resistors-2 nos. bit DAC.
l Effect of pulse input, reactive termination, match termination, noise. List of experiments (6) : Verification of CDMA modulation algorithm at
l Standing wave display on CRO in external trigger mode & VSWR o/p of DAC, Recovery of selected station data out of 4 stations, Upper
determination. frequency limit for recovery of voice frequency (Bandwidth determination),
l Optional Coaxial cable (RG58) x 50m(25m x 2 nos.) & terminating BNC, Voice communication, Study of ADC & DAC (Codec), Study of Eye
Calculation of delay, impedance, speed of light, standing wave ratio Diagram.
(VSWR).
List of experiments (13) : Delay using a pulse input, Matching using 15) LBC/BCC Encoder Decoder Expt. Panel (CM14)
pulse input, Reactive termination, Noise in communication, Matching and (Provided with 14 banana + 16 LEDs + 3TPs + 5 switches)
frequency response, Phase relationship, Standing wave ratio and l On-board Clock source @ 1.2 MHz.
Transformer matching, Standing waves, Low pass filter effect, 50 ohm line
l LBC or BCC selection Facility.
as an oscillator, Time domain reflectometry, Switched Faults, Experiments
with actual RG 58 cable used in transmission line (optional). a) Encoder Function Block: High speed 7 bit ADC (10Vpp) & logic blocks
for Latch, mux (2 Nos.) & 2 nos of separate Encoder combinational logic
l Time domain experiments
blocks, Encoder o/p LED indicators, provision to apply 4 bit data nibble
a) Time domain measurements. b) time domain reflectometry. c) either from switches or ADC o/p. b) Error introducing logic: Selective
transmission delay when using pulse input d)effect of reactive termination errors can inserted into transmitted code using error sockets (7 Nos.) with
frequency domain experiments e) sinusoidal study state in transmission. error LED indication.c) Decoder Function Block: High speed DAC
Analog o/p (10Vpp) & audio up to 2 KHz BW, switch selectable voice (ADC)
12) DPCM / ADPCM Modulation / Demodulation Expt. Panel (CM11) or 4 bit digital data, logic blocks for 4 bit upper & lower latches, 2:1 mux & 2
(Provided with 13 banana + 3 TPs. + 20 LEDs + 6 switches) nos. Decoder combinational logic blocks and recovered o/p on LED's.
l Operation mode : Switch selectable - DPCM OR ADPCM List of experiments (10): LBC / BCC encoder/ decoder o/p verification,
l Number of data bits in data frame switch selectable 3/4/5 bits. LBC/BCC error detection and correction, upper limit on frequency
components of incoming voice signal, voice communication, ADC & DAC
l On-board Clock source @ 660 KHz.
(codec) testing.
a) Modulator Function Blocks : - 1 Analog Input- 10Vpp & Audio upto
2KHz, Onboard adjustable DC signal source, ADC Sampling Frequency
@8.5 KHz, 7 Bit Comparator, Subtractor, Signed Adder, Parallel to Serial 16) Convolution Coding Encoder Decoder Expt. Panel (CM15)
Converter. (Provided with 15 banana + 20 LEDs + 3TPs + 5 switches)
b) Demodulator Function Blocks : - 1 Analog Output- 10Vpp & Audio upto l On-board Clock source @ 600KHz.
2KHz, Demodulated DPCM / ADPCM signal reconstructed using 7-bit a) Encoder Function Block : High speed 7 bit ADC & logic blocks for Latch,
DAC followed by passing through 2P/4P Butterworth filter on NGLPF mux (2 Nos.) & CC Encoder (2,1,4 scheme) built in PISO & SIPO function
Panel (MU), Serial to Parallel Converter, 7 Bit Signed Adder, block, 14 bit Encoder o/p LED indicators, provision to apply 4 bit data
List of experiments (5) : DPCM - Modulation - Demodulation, ADPCM - nibble either from switches or ADC o/p.
Modulation - Demodulation, Slope Overload Error, Voice Communication b) Error Introducing Logic : Selective errors can inserted into transmitted
using DPCM / ADPCM, Study of Eye Diagram. code using error sockets (7+1 Nos.) with error LED indication.
c) Decoder Function Block : High speed DAC Analog o/p (10Vpp) & audio
13) 16 QAM Modulation / Demodulation Expt. Panel (CM12) upto 2 KHz BWs switch selectable voice/ADC or 4 bit digital input data,
(Provided with 12 banana + 2 TPs.+ 12 LEDs + 5 switches) logic blocks for 4 bit upper & 4 bit lower latch, mux & function block for CC
(Viterbi) decoder based on lease distance calculator and recoered o/p on
l On-board Clock source @ 1.2 MHz.
LED's.
a) Modulator Function Blocks:- 1 Analog Input- 10Vpp & Audio upto
List of experiments (6) : Convolution Encoder Decoder output
300Hz [1KHz], Onboard adjustable DC signal source, ADC Sampling
verification, Convolution error detection and correction, upper limit on
Frequency @ 1.5KHz, 7 Bit ADC, Signed Adder, Quadrature sine
frequency components of incoming voice signal, voice communication,
generator I, Q @ 55KHz, Mux and Latch.
ADC & DAC (codec) testing.
17) Glass Fiber-Optics Cable Expt. Panel (CM16) 19) FHSS Experiment Panel (CM18) :
(Provided with 22 banana + 3 LEDs + 5TPs + 5 switches) (Provided with 12 banana + 2 TPs.+ 12 LEDs + 5 switches)
u Transmitter (4 nos.): l On-board Clock source @ 5MHz.
1] 1310nm Laser: Output power=5mW, Threshold current=15mA, a) Modulator Function Blocks:- 1 Analog Input- 10Vpp & Audio upto 750Hz
Forward voltage=1.2V, Operating current=25mA, Center [1.5KHz], Onboard adjustable DC signal source, ADC Sampling
wavelength=1310nm. Frequency @ 3.9KHz, 6 Bit ADC, Signed Adder, sine wave generator @
2] 1550nm Laser: Output power=5mW, Threshold current=15mA, 208, 156, 125, 416, 312. 250 KHz, Mux and Latch, TTL reference
Forward voltage=1.2V, Operating current=25mA, Center @208KHz.
wavelength=1550nm. b) Demodulator Function Blocks :- 1 Analog Output- 10Vpp & Audio upto
3] R E D L a s e r : O / P p o w e r = 5 m W, Wa v e l e n g t h = 6 5 0 n m , 750Hz [1.5KHz], switch selectable DAC O/P either FHSS O/P or Demod
Polarization=Linear, Lifetime=5000 hours, Class=IIIa, Range=4000 ft O/P, original signal recovered by passing through 2P/4P Butterworth filter
in darkness. on NGLPF Panel (MU), 6 Bit DAC, Signed Adder, 6 Bit Amplitude & Phase
4] Red LED: Diameter=5mm, Forward voltage=2.0V, Operating comparator, Latch & Mux.
current=20mA, Center wavelength=650nm, Operating temp.=-25- List of experiments (5) : Generate FHSS modulated sin output, Verify
850C. constancy of amplitude but only frequency hoping varies depending upon
u Receiver ( 3nos.): modulation bits, Demodulation verification, Determine upper limit of data
1] 1310nm Photo diode : Detection Range=1100-1650nm, Rise/Fall rate given a particular carrier frequency, Send and receive voice using
Time=0.2ns, Monitor current=200uA/mW, Monitor dark FHSS.
current=200nA.
2] 1550nm Photo diode: Detection Range=1100-1650nm,, Rise/Fall 20) OQPSK Experiment Panel (CM19) :
Time=0.2ns, Monitor current=200uA/mW, Monitor dark (Provided with 12 banana + 2 TPs.+ 12 LEDs + 5 switches)
current=200nA.
l On-board Clock source @ 5MHz.
3] SFH213 PIN PD: Detection Range=450-900nm, Rise/Fall Time=5ns,
a) Modulator Function Blocks:- 1 Analog Input- 10Vpp & Audio upto
Reverse Vol.=50V, Power Dissipation=100mW, Photo Current
1.3KHz[2KHz], Onboard adjustable DC signal source, ADC Sampling
=135uA.
Frequency @6.5KHz, 7 Bit ADC, Signed Adder, Quadrature sine
u Glass Fiber Optic cable :
generator I, Q @208KHz, Mux and Latch, TTL reference @208KHz.
Cable type= Multi Mode Simplex, Cable length= 3meter, Connector type=
b) Demodulator Function Blocks :- 1 Analog Output- 10Vpp & Audio upto
ST/PC, Wavelength=Broadband, Core Dia=50μm, Cladding Dia=125μm,
1KHz [2KHz], switch selectable DAC O/P either OQPSK O/P or Demod
Coating Dia=2 or 3 mm, Maximum attenuation=0.4dB/km, Insertion
O/P, original signal recovered by passing through 2P/4P Butterworth filter
loss=0.3dB, Return loss=20dB, Working Temperature=-40~+800C.
on NGLPF Panel (MU), 7 Bit DAC, Signed Adder, 7 Bit Amplitude & Phase
u Panel Specifications / Functional Blocks:
comparator, Latch & Mux.
l Panel consists of 4 nos. of transmitters & 3 nos. of Receivers circuit blocks. List of experiments (5) : Generate OQPSK modulated sin output, Verify
l Can transmit both DC/TTL and Analog signals using Glass FO cable. constancy of frequency & amplitude but only phase angle varies
l Biasing can be adjusted using POTs upto 60mA for different emitters. depending upon modulation bits, Draw constellation diagram for
l ACC & APC modes of operation illustrated using Red laser. OQPSK, Demodulation verification, Determine upper limit of data rate
l Optionally plotting of LED Radiation Pattern using Goniometer interfaced given a particular carrier frequency, Send and receive voice using
through 5 pin DIN audio connector. OQPSK.
PC-to-PC communication using RS-232 protocol using 9Pin DB
connector. 21) Integrated DigiCom Expt. Panel (CM20) : [PSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 8
l Facilitates WDM expt, for this use CM17 panel (OPTIONAL). QAM, 8 PSK, MSK differential mode & non- differential mode]
List of Experiments to be performed (4): Study of characteristics of (Provided with 12 banana + 2 TPs.+ 12 LEDs + 5 switches)
glass fiber using IR LASERs 1310nm and 1550nm, Study of Automatic l On-board Clock source @5MHz.
Current Control (ACC) & Automatic Power Control (APC) operating modes a) Mod/Demod Function Blocks:- Onboard adjustable DC signal source (+-
using Red LASER, Free space communication using IR LED, 5Vpp) ,7 Bit ADC with Sampling Frequency of 6.5 Khz, 4bit selectable
Radiation plot for IR/RED LED using Goniometer ( optional ). digital i/p’s using switches, Sine Adder, Sine Divider, Differentiator Block,
Scheme selector block, Frequency selector block, Quadrature sine
18) WDM Expt. Panel / CM17 : (Needs CM16 to perform WDM experiment) generator I, Q @208-416KHz, MUX 2:1, Latch, PISO, SIPO(1:2,1:3,1:4),
The panel consists of two Fiber-optics plastic-molded modules viz. 2x1 on board 208 KHZ, TTL reference clock, Delayed clock for cycle slip error,
coupler & WDM splitter with flying-leads ended into 4 nos. of ST 7 Bit DAC with single Analog Output- 10Vpp & Audio upto1.3KHz [2KHz
connectors, joined in together by ST adaptor & displayed under can be tolerated], 7 Bit Amplitude & Phase comparator, Socket selectable
transparent Perspex overlay. For performing WDM expt, connect those 4 DAC O/P either one of the Modulation O/P or Demodulation O/P, with
nos. of ST connectors to CM16 panel. differential or non differential mode and recovered signal by passing
u 2x1 Wavelength Coupler : through 4P Butterworth filter on NGLPF Panel (MU).
Operating wavelength= 1310nm & 1550nm(2 ports), Port ratio= 50/50%, List of experiments (6) : Generate PSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 8 QAM, 8
Bandwidth= +/-40nm, Insertion loss= <8dB, Excess Loss= <0.2dB, Cable PSK, MSK modulated digital sin output in-differential & non-differential
type= 3mm single mode, Connector type= ST/PC. mode, Verify variations in phase angle [if any], amplitude [if any] &
u WDM splitter : frequency [if any], Depending upon modulation bits, Draw constellation
Operating wavelength= 1310nm & 1550nm (2 ports), Bandwidth= +/- diagram for PSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 8 QAM, 8 PSK, Demod. verification in-
15nm, Insertion loss= <0.2dB, Isolation= >17dB, Single mode 9/125um differential & non-differential mode for all schemes, Determine upper limit
cable, Connector type= ST/PC. of data rate given a particular carrier frequency, Send and receive voice
List of Experiments to be performed (3): Study of Wavelength Division using PSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 8 QAM, 8 PSK, MSK, Cycle slip error in
Multiplexing (WDM), Measurement of isolation in WDM communication, 8PSK & 8QAM, Bit Error Ratio (BER).
Study of Non-linear effects in optical communications.