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Error Detection

The document discusses error detection and correction techniques used to identify and rectify data corruption during transmission. It outlines types of errors, including single bit and burst errors, and various detection methods such as Single Parity Check, Two-Dimensional Parity Check, Checksum, and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). CRC is highlighted as the most effective method for error detection and correction, utilizing redundancy and modulo 2 arithmetic.

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Divya Gurram
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10 views6 pages

Error Detection

The document discusses error detection and correction techniques used to identify and rectify data corruption during transmission. It outlines types of errors, including single bit and burst errors, and various detection methods such as Single Parity Check, Two-Dimensional Parity Check, Checksum, and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). CRC is highlighted as the most effective method for error detection and correction, utilizing redundancy and modulo 2 arithmetic.

Uploaded by

Divya Gurram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Error detection and Correction :

There are many reasons such as noise, cross-talk etc., which may help data to get corrupted
during transmission.

Error detection:

While error detection techniques identify errors, error correction techniques go a step further
by not only detecting but also rectifying these errors. They typically involve redundant data
or error-correcting codes.

Error Detection

Types of Errors

There are two types of errors:

Single Bit Error: When only one bit of data is change.


Single Bit Error

Burst Error: When more than one bit is changed.

Burst Error

Error Detecting Techniques:

o Single Parity Check


o Two – dimensional Check
o Checksum
o Cyclic Redundancy Check

Single Parity Check:

In this technique based on given data we can add one more bit, i.e. Parity Bit

i. Even number of 1’s - add “0”


ii. Odd number of 1’s - add “1”
 From source side send those parity data, then receiver side check with parity bit.
 We can form even number of 1’s by adding parity, so this is called even – parity
checking.
Fig: Single Parity Check

Drawbacks of Single Parity Check:

 It can only detect single – bit error which are very rare.
 If two bits are interchanged, then it cannot detect the errors.

Two – Dimensional Parity Check:

 In this we introduced table format.


 Append parities in rows and columns also compared then accept the data.
Checksum:

 This technique is based on redundancy.


 From depending side, it’s divided the data into ‘n’ segments.
i.e., added 1’s compliment , it’s added to the original data.

Sending Receiving
Divided into Sections. Divided into Sections.
All sections are added by 1’s All sections are added by 1’s compliment.
compliment.
Sum is complimented. Sum is complimented.
Original data + Checksum field is Sum – 0 – Accepted
sending. Sum – not equal 0 – Discarded.
Cyclic Redundancy Check:

 It is the best method for error – detection and correction.


 It is given as a k – bit message and the transmitter creates an ( n-k ) bit sequence.
 It is detecting accidental errors in the communication channel.
 CRC is a redundancy technique that means duplicacy.
 Modulo 2 Arithmetic is used in operation.

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