Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Academic Year 2023-24

I. B.Tech I Semster
IT WORKSHOP
(23AES0503)

Prepared By
Mrs. P.Sumalatha., M.Tech.
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE, AITS
psumalatha241@gmail.com
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Perform Hardware troubleshooting
CO2: Understand Hardware components and inter dependencies
CO3: Safeguard computer systems from viruses/worms.
CO4: Document/ Presentation preparation.
COS: Perform calculations using spreadsheets

PC Hardware Installation & Software

Task 1: Identify the peripherals of a computer. components in a CPU and is functions. Draw block
diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to the your instructor.
Task 2 Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Lab
instructors should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also students need to go through the
video which shows the process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course
content.
Task 3: Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab
instructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva
Task 4: Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have
Windows installed. The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both
Windows and Linux. Lab-instructors should verifty the installation and follow it up with a Viva
Task 5: Every student should install BOSS on the computer. The system should be configuredas dual
boot (VMWare) with both Windows and BOSS. Lab instructors should verify theinstallation and follow
it up with a Viva
Internet & World Wide Web
Task 1: Onentation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their LocalArea
Network and aceess the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/P setting. Finally should
demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there isno internet connectivity
preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the Www
on the LAN
Task 2: Web Browsers. Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LANproxy
settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also. plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and
JRE for applets should be configured.
Task 3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use
the search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need tosearch on
Google. This should be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.
Task 4: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet andwould be
asked to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to customizetheir browsers to
block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.
LaTeX and WORD
Task 1 - Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of LaTeX and Microsof(MS) office
or equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of LaTeX and MS office or equivalent(FOSS) tool Word
as word Processors, Details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each, Using
LaTeXand word Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format
painter in word.
Task 2: Using La TeX and Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered
Formating Fonts word. Drop Cap mn word. Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing.Borders

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and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both LaTeXand Word.
Task 3: Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles, Inserting table,Bullets and
Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote,Hyperlink,Symbols. Spell Check,
Track Changes.
Task 4: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns ,Images
from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and
Mail Merge in word
EXCEL
Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS office or equivalent (FOSS)tool
Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four tasks and features that would becovered in each.
Using Excel - Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using helpand resources
Task 1: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation,auto fill.
Formatting Text
Task 2: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel
average.std.deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets. Hyper link ing. Count
function.
Task 3: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators,Conditional
formatting
POWER POINT
Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help themcreate basie
power point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, WordArt. Formatting Text,
Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.
Task 2: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting -Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video,Objeets,
Tables and Charts,
Task 3: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), 'Types of views (basic, presentation, slideslotter,
notes ctc), and Inserting - Background, textures, Design Templates, Hidden slides.
AI TOOLS - ChatGPT
Task 1: Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see how the
modelresponds. Try asking questions, starting conversations, or even providing incomplete sentencesto
see how the model completes them.
Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable Al. Please answer the following question: What
is the capital of France?"
Task 2: Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the beginning of a storyor a
description of a scene, and let the model generate the rest of the content. This can be a funway to
brainstorm creative ideas
Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people started
floating upwards. Write a story about ho w society adapted to this new reality.
Task 3: Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a sentence inone
language and asking the model to translate it into another language. Compare the output tosee how
accurate and fluent the translations are.
Ex:Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you
doing today?""

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PC Hardware and Software Installation
TASK1:

Identifytheperipheralsofacomputer,componentsinaCPUanditsfunctions. Draw the block

diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral.
AIM:To identify the peripherals of a computer.

INTRODUCTIONTOCOMPUTER: Computer is an electronic device which takes the input

information from the input device and generates the output information and it will be displayed
on the output. It enables arithmetic computations, data processing, information management
(storage) and knowledge reasoning in an efficient manner. The word computer is derived from
the word compute which means ‘to calculate’. So a computer generally considered to be
calculating device that perform operations at very faster rates.
Computercanalsobedefinedintermsoffunctionsitcanperform.Acomputercani)accept data, ii) store
data, iii) process data as desired, and iv) retrieve the stored data as and when required and v)
print the result in desired format.

GENERATIONOF COMPUTERS

The first electronic computer was designed and built at the University of Pennsylvania based on
. Vacuum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of
computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to
fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units.
IGeneration:1945 – 55

II Generation:1955 –65

III Generation:1965– 75

IV Generation:1975 –89

V Generation:1989topresent

FirstGeneration(ENIAC-Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator EDSAC

– Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC–Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer

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 IBM 701)

 Vacuum tubes were used – basic arithmetic coperations took few milliseconds

 Bulky

 Consume more power with limited performance

 High cost

 Usesassemblylanguage–toprepareprograms.Theseweretranslatedintomachinelevel
language for execution.
 Mercury delay line memories and Electro static memories were used

 Fixed point arithmetic was used

 100to1000foldincreaseinspeedrelativetotheearliermechanicalandrelaybased
electromechanical technology
 Punched cards and paper tape were invented to feed programs and data and to get results.

 Magnetic tape/ magnetic drum were used as secondary memory

 Mainly used for scientific computations.

Second Generation

(Manufacturers–IBM7030,Digital DataCorporation’sPDP1/5/8Honeywell400)

 Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.(invented at AT&T Belllabin 1947)

 Small in size

 Low power consumption and better performance

 Lower cost

 Magnetic ferrite core memories were used as main memory which is a random-access

 nonvolatile memory

 Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used as secondary memory

 Hardware for floating point arithmetic operations was developed.

 Indexregisterswereintroducedwhichincreasedflexibilityofprogramming.

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  HighlevellanguagessuchasFORTRAN,COBOL etc wereused Compilerswere
developed to
 Translatethehigh-levelprogramintocorrespondingassemblylanguageprogramwhich was
then
 Translatedintomachinelanguage.

 Separateinput-outputprocessorsweredevelopedthatcouldoperateinparallelwith CPU.

 Punchedcards continuedduringthisperiodalso.

 1000foldincreasein speed.

 Increasinglyusedinbusiness,industryandcommercialorganizationsforpreparationof
payroll,
 Inventorycontrol,marketing,productionplanning,research,scientific&engineering
analysis and design etc.
ThirdGeneration(System360MainframefromIBM,PDP-8MiniComputerfromDigital
Equipment Corporation)
 ICswereused

 SmallScaleIntegrationandMediumScaleIntegrationtechnologywereimplementedin CPU,
I/O processors etc.
 Smaller&better performance

 Comparativelylessercost

 Fasterprocessors

 Inthebeginningmagneticcorememorieswereused. Latertheywerereplacedby
semiconductor memories (RAM & ROM)
 Introducedmicroprogramming

 Microprogramming,parallelprocessing(pipelining,multiprocessorsystem etc),
multiprogramming,multi-usersystem(timesharedsystem)etcwereintroduced.
 Operatingsystemsoftwarewereintroduced(efficientsharingofacomputersystemby
several user programs)
 Cacheandvirtualmemorieswereintroduced(Cachememorymakesthemainmemory
appear faster than it really is. Virtual memory makes it appear larger)

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  HighlevellanguageswerestandardizedbyANSIeg.ANSIFORTRAN,ANSICOBOL etc
 Databasemanagement,multi-userapplication,onlinesystemslikeclosedloopprocess
control, airline reservation, interactive query systems, automatic industrial control etc
emerged during this period.

FourthGeneration(Intel’s8088,80286,80386,80486..,Motorola’s68000,68030,68040, Apple II,

CRAY I/2/X/MP etc)
 – Completeprocessorsandlargesectionof
mainmemorycouldbe implemented ina singlechip

 Tensofthousandsoftransistorscanbeplacedinasinglechip(VLSIdesign
implemented)
 CRTscreen,laser&inkjetprinters, scannersetc were developed.

 Semiconductormemorychips wereused as the main memory.

 Secondarymemorywascomposedofharddisks –Floppydisks&magnetictapeswere used

for backup memory
 Parallelism,pipeliningcachememoryand virtualmemorywereappliedinabetter way

 LANandWANSweredeveloped(wheredesktopworkstationsinterconnected)

 IntroducedClanguageandUnixOS

 IntroducedGraphicalUser Interface

 Lesspowerconsumption

 Highperformance,lower costandverycompact

 Muchincreaseinthespeedof operation

FifthGeneration:(IBMnotebooks,PentiumPCs-Pentium1/2/3/4/Dualcore/Quadcore.SUN work
stations, Origin 2000, PARAM 10000, IBM SP/2)
 GenerationnumberbeyondIV,havebeenusedoccasionallytodescribesomecurrent
computer system that have a dominant organizational or application driven feature.

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  Computersbasedonartificialintelligenceare available

 Computersuseextensiveparallelprocessing,multiplepipelines,multipleprocessorsetc

 Massiveparallelmachinesandextensivelydistributedsystemconnectedby
communication networks fall in this category.
 Introduced ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology – Intel’s Pentium 4
microprocessorcontains55milliontransistorsmillionsofcomponentsonasingleIC chip.
 Superscalarprocessors,Vectorprocessors,SIMDprocessors,32bitmicrocontrollersand
embedded processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSP) etc have been developed.
 Memorychipsupto1GB,harddiskdrivesupto180GBandopticaldisksupto27GB are
available (still the capacity is increasing)
 ObjectorientedlanguagelikeJAVAsuitableforinternetprogramminghasbeen
developed.
 Portablenotebookcomputers introduced

 Storagetechnologyadvanced– largemainmemoryand disk storageavailable

 IntroducedWorldWideWeb.(andotherexistingapplicationslikee-mail,eCommerce,
Virtual libraries/Classrooms, multimedia applications etc.)
 Newoperatingsystemsdeveloped–Windows95/98/XP/…,LINUX,etc.

 Gothotpluggablefeatures–whichenableafailedcomponenttobereplacedwithanew one
without the need to shutdown the system, allowing the uptime of the system to be very
high.
 TherecentdevelopmentintheapplicationofinternetistheGridtechnologywhichisstill in its
upcoming stage.
 Quantummechanismandnanotechnologywill radicallychangethephaseof computers.

Typesofcomputer:

1. SuperComputers

2. MainFrame Computers

3. Mini Computers

4. MicroComputers

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 5. PersonalComputer

1. SuperComputersE.g.:-CRAYResearch:-CRAY-1&CRAY-2,Fujitsu(VP2000),Hitachi
(S820), NEC (SX20), PARAM 10000 by C-DAC, Anupam by BARC, PACE Series by DRDO
 MostpowerfulComputer system-needsalargeroom

 Minimumworldlengthis64bits

 CPUspeed:100MIPS

 Equivalentto 4000 computers

 Highcost:4–5 millions

 Ableto handlelargeamount ofdata

 Highpowerconsumption

 Highprecision

 Large andfastmemory(Primaryand Secondary)

 Usesmultiprocessingandparallel processing

 Supportsmultiprogramming

2. MainFrameComputersE.g.:-IBM3000series, BurroughsB7900,Univac1180,DEC

 Ableto processlargeamountof dataatveryhighspeed

 Supportsmulti-userfacility

 Numberofprocessorsvaries fromone to six.

 Cost: 3500 to manymilliondollars

 Keptinairconditionedroomtokeepthem cool

 SupportsmanyI/Oand auxiliarystoragedevices

 Supportsnetworkof terminals

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 3. MiniComputersE.g.:-DigitalEquipmentsPDP11/45andVAX11)

 Performbetterthan micros

 Largeinsizeandcostlierthan micros

 Designedto supportmorethanoneuserat a time

 Posseslargestorage capacities andoperatesathigher speed

 Supportfasterperipheral deviceslikehighspeedprinters

 Canalsocommunicate withmain frames

4. MicroComputersE.g.:-IBMPC,PS/2andAppleMacintosh

 A microcomputer uses a microprocessor as its central ProcessingUnit. Microcomputers

aretinycomputersthat canvaryinsizefromasinglechiptothesizeofadesktopmodel
 Theyaredesigned tobeused byonlyone personat atime

 Smalltomedium datastoragecapacities 500MB –2GB

 Thecommonexamplesofmicrocomputersarechipsusedinwashingmachines,TVs,Cars and
Note book/Personal computers.

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 5. PersonalComputer

The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person.
WhileaMacisaPC,mostpeoplerelatethetermwithsystemsthatruntheWindowsoperating system. PCs
were first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a
smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses.

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 PersonalComputer

Block DiagramofComputer:

Acomputercanprocessdata,pictures,soundandgraphics.Theycansolvehighlycomplicated
problems quickly and accurately.

InputUnit:
Computersneedtoreceivedataandinstructioninordertosolveanyproblem.Thereforewe need
toinputthedataandinstructionsintothecomputers.Theinputunitconsistsofoneormoreinput devices.
Keyboard is the one of the most commonly used input device. Other commonly used input
devices are the mouse, floppydisk drive, magnetic tape, etc. All the input devices perform the
following functions.
1. Acceptthedataandinstructionsfromtheoutsideworld.

2. Convertittoaform thatthecomputercan understand.

3. Supplytheconverted datato thecomputer systemforfurther processing.

StorageUnit:
The storage unit of the computer holds data and instructions that are entered through the input
unit, before they are processed. It preserves the intermediate and final results before these are
senttotheoutputdevices.Italsosavesthedataforthelateruse.Thevariousstoragedevicesofa computer
system are divided into two categories.
1. Primary Storage: Stores and provides very fast. This memory is generally used to hold the
programbeingcurrentlyexecutedinthecomputer,thedatabeingreceived fromtheinputunit, the
intermediate and final results of the program. Theprimarymemoryis temporaryin nature.

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 Thedataislost,whenthecomputerisswitchedoff.Inordertostorethedatapermanently,the data has to
be transferred to the secondary memory.
Thecostoftheprimarystorageismorecomparedtothesecondarystorage.Thereforemost computers
have limited primary storage capacity.
2. Secondary Storage: Secondary storage is used like an archive. It stores several programs,
documents,databasesetc.Theprogramsthat yourunonthecomputerarefirsttransferredtothe primary
memory before it is actually run. Whenever the results are saved, again they get stored in the
secondary memory. The secondary memory is slower and cheaper than the primary memory.
Some of the commonly used secondary memory devices are Hard disk, CD, etc.,

MemorySize:
Alldigitalcomputersusethebinarysystem,i.e.0’sand1’s.Eachcharacteroranumberis represented by
an 8 bit code.
Thesetof8bitsiscalledabyte.Acharacteroccupies1bytespace. A
numeric occupies 2 byte space.
Byteis thespaceoccupiedin thememory.

The size of the primary storage is specified in KB (Kilobytes) or MB (Megabyte). One KB is

equalto1024bytesand oneMBisequalto 1000KB.Thesizeoftheprimarystoragein atypical PC
usually starts at 16MB. PCs having 32 MB, 48MB, 128 MB, 256MB memory are quite common.

OutputUnit:
Theoutputunitofacomputerprovidestheinformationandresultsofacomputationtooutside world.
Printers, Visual Display Unit (VDU) are the commonly used output devices. Other
commonlyusedoutputdevicesarefloppydiskdrive,harddiskdrive, and magnetictapedrive.

ArithmeticLogical Unit:

AllcalculationsareperformedintheArithmeticLogic Unit(ALU)ofthecomputer.Italsodoes
comparison and takes decision. The ALU can perform basic operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, etc and does logic operations viz, >, <, =, ‘etc. Whenever
calculations are required, the control unit transfers the data from storage unit to ALU once the
computationsaredone,theresultsaretransferred tothestorageunitbythe controlunitandthen it is
send to the output unit for displaying results.

Control Unit:

Itcontrolsallotherunitsinthecomputer.Thecontrolunitinstructstheinputunit,wheretostore the data

after receiving it from the user. It controls the flow of data and instructions from the storage unit
to ALU. It also controls the flow of results from the ALU to the storage unit. The

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 controlunitisgenerallyreferredasthecentralnervoussystemofthecomputerthatcontroland
synchronizes its working.

CentralProcessingUnit:
ThecontrolunitandALUofthecomputeraretogetherknownastheCentralProcessingUnit (CPU). The
CPU is like brain performs the following functions:
• Itperformsallcalculations.
• Ittakesall decisions.
• Itcontrolsallunitsofthecomputer.
APCmayhaveCPU-ICsuchasIntel8088,80286,80386,80486,Celeron,Pentium,Pentium Pro,
Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV, Dual Core, and AMD etc.

IntroductiontoComputerHardware:

Hardwareisthephysicalappearanceofthedevicesortools.Itiswhatwhichwecantouchand feel.
ComputerHardwareconsistsoftheMonitor,CPU,Keyboard,Mouseandallotherdevices connected
to the computer either externally or internally.
Atypicalcomputer(personalcomputer,PC)consistsofadesktoportowercase(chassis)andthe following
parts:
1. CPUThecentralprocessingunitcontainstheheartof anycomputer,theprocessor.The
processor is fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board contains various
components, which support the functioning of a PC.

2. Systemboard/MotherboardwhichholdstheProcessor,RandomAccessMemoryand
other parts, and has slots for expansion cards

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 3. RAM(RandomAccessMemory)-Forprogramexecutionandshorttermdata-storage,sothe
computer doesn't have to take the time to access the hard drive to find something. More RAM
can contribute to a faster PC.
The main memory of the computer is called as Random Access Memory (RAM). The name
derives from the fact that data can be stored in and retrieved at random, from anywhere in the
electronicmainmemorychipsinapproximatelythesameamountoftime,nomatterwherethe data is.
Main memoryis in an electronic or volatile state. When the computer is off, main memoryis
empty,whenitisonitiscapableofreceivingand holdingacopyofthesoftwareinstructions, and data
necessary for processing.
Becausethemainmemoryisavolatileformofstoragethatdependsonelectricpowercan gooff
duringprocessing, users save their work frequentlyon to non volatile secondarystorage devices such
as diskettes or hard disk.

Themainmemoryisusedforthefollowingpurposes:

1. Storageofthecopyofthemainsoftwareprogramthatcontrols thegeneraloperationof the

computer. This copyis loaded on to themain memorywhen the computeris turned on,
and it stays there as long as the computer is on.
2. Temporarystorageofacopyofapplicationprograminstruction,tobereceivedbyCPU for
interpretation and processing or execution.

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 3. Temporarystorageofdatathathasbeeninputfromthekeyboard,untilinstructionscall for the
data to be transferred in to CPU for processing.
Temporarystorageofdata,whichisrequiredforfurtherprocessingortransferredasoutputto output
devices such as screen, a printer, a disk storage device.

ROM(ReadOnly Memory)

Instructions which are critical to the operation of a computer are stored permanently on Read
onlyMemory.(ROM)chipinstalledbythemanufacturerinsidethecomputer.ThisROMchipis also
called firm ware, retains instructions in a permanently accessible nonvolatile form. When the
power in the computer is turned off, the instructions stored in ROM are not lost.
Itisnecessaryandalsoconvenientto haveinstructions storedin ROM.

In addition to ROM, three additional categories of non volatile memory are used in some
computersystems.TheyarePROMs,EPROMs,andEPROMs.PROMstandsforprogrammable read
only memory.
It works similar to that ofROM. PROM chips are custom madeforthe user bythe manufacturer.
Theuserdetermineswhatdataandinstructionsaretoberecordedonthem.ThedataonPROMis
permanent and cannot be erased.
Erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), developed as an improvement over
PROM. The data on the EPROM can be read with the help of a special device that uses ultra
violetlight.ThedataorinstructionsontheEPROMareerasableandnewdatacanbeenteredin its place.
EPROM functions exactly same as PROM.
Electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) avoids the inconvenience
of having to take chips out of the computer to change data and instructions. Changes can bemade
electrically under software control. These are used in point of sale terminals to records
pricerelateddataforproducts.Thepricesrecordedonthemcanbeeasilyupdatedasneeded.The only
disadvantage of EEPROM is, the regular ROM chips.

DifferencesbetweenROM&RAM

ROM(Read onlymemory)

1. You can onlyread thedata.

2. Datacan’tbewritteneverytime,towritethedataweneedPROM,EPROM,OR
EEPROM.
3. ROMisnonvolatileinnature.ThedatastoredinROMispermanentin nature.

4. Sizeof theROM has nothingto do with processing.

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 RAM(Randomaccessmemory):

1. Youcanreadandwritedataonthechip.

2. RAMhasvolatilememory.Itloosesitscontentswhenthepowerisswitchedoff.

3. SizeoftheRAMmakesdifferenceintheprocessingi.e.,biggerthesizeoftheRAM more is
the speed of processing.
4. Thedatacanbe readandwrittenatanytime.

DynamicRAM (DRAM)

o SynchronousDRAM(SDRAM)

o StaticRAM(SRAM)

4. Buses:PCIbus,PCI-Ebus,ISAbus(outdated),USB,AGP

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 5. PowerSupply -acasethatholdsatransformer,voltagecontroland fan

6. Storagecontrollers,of IDE,SCSIorothertype,thatcontrolharddisk,floppydisk,CD- ROM

and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the motherboard (on-board) or on
expansion cards
7. Videodisplaycontrollerthatproduces theoutputfor thecomputer display

8. computerbuscontrollers(parallel,serial,USB,Firewire)toconnectthecomputerto

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 external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners
9. Sometypeof aremovablemedia writer:

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 10. CD - the most common type of removable media, cheap but fragile.
CD-ROM,,CD-RW,CD-R,DVD,DVD-ROM.,DVD-RW,DVD-R,

11. Floppydisk

FloppyDiskDrive

12. TapeDrive -mainlyforbackupand long-termstorage

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 13. Internalstorage-keeps data insidethe computerforlater use.

14. Harddisk-formedium-termstorageof data.

15. Diskarraycontroller

16. Soundcard-translatessignalsfromthesystemboardintoanalogvoltagelevels,andhas
terminals to plug in speakers.

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 17. Networking-toconnectthecomputertothe Internetand/orothercomputers

18. Modem-fordial-upconnections

19. Networkcard-forDSL(DigitalSubscriberLine)/Cableinternet,and/orconnectingtoother
computers.

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 20. Otherperipherals:Inaddition,hardwarecanincludeexternalcomponentsofacomputer
system. The following are either standard or very common.

Standardinputdevices: Keyboard

Mouse

Alternateinputdevices:

Pens,Touchscreens,Gamecontrollers(joystick),Touchpad,Trackball.

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 Opticalinputdevices:Barcodereader, Image scanners.

Audiovisualinputdevices:Microphones,Videoinput,Digitalcameras

21. Output:Theoutputdevicesare:
Standard output devices: Monitor
Types of monitors
CRT(cathoderaytube) monitors

LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay) monitors

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 Printer

Typesofprinters

Impactprinters:Animpactprintercreateanimagebyusingpinsorhammerstopressaninked ribbon
against the paper.ex. Dot matrix printer.
Nonimpactprinters:Thistypeusesothermeanstocreateanimageforexampleininkjet printers tiny
nozzles are used to spray droplets of ink on the page.ex: Ink jet printer

Laser
Printer

Dot-Matrixprinter:

Inkjet printer

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 Otheroutput devices:

Speakers,LCDprojectors,Networking,Networkcard

Speakers

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LCDProjectors:

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 Task2:

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ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORK SHOP Page 32
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 Task 3:
Every student should individually install operating system like MS windows on
thepersonalcomputer.ThesystemshouldbeconfiguredasdualbootwithbothwindowsandLinux.
AIM: To install WindowsXP
SoftwareRequirement:WindowsXP CompactDisc
HardwareRequirement: Personalcomputer

PROCEDURE:

1. Keep onpressthedeletebuttonandgo to advanced

BIOSfeature [BIOS-Basic InputOutputSystem]
2. And go to boot sequence. Select first boot drivers. CD
ROMand press F10 to save the bios feature. Yes and then
enter.PressanykeytobootfromCD.Pressenterto setup
windowsXP.
F8=To agreethelicense.

3. PressESCtodon‘trepairthewindowsXPsetup.

4. Press‗p‘todeletethepreviouspartitions. Thenpressenter.

5. Press‗L‘todeletethepartition.

6. Press‗C‘to createthepartition inthe UNpartitionspace.

7. PressentertosetupwindowsXPontheselecteditems.

BASICFILESYSTEMS:

FAT:File AllocationTable.

NTFS: New Technology File

System.FormatthecreateusingNTFSpart
ition.
BASICSTEPSININSTALLATION:-
1. Collectinginformation.

2. Dynamicupdate

3. Preparinginstallation
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORK SHOP Page 34
 4. Installingwindows.

5. Trackinginstallation

ScreenshotsofwindowsXPInstallation

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart your computer.
Ifprompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you miss the prompt (it
onlyappearsfora few seconds),restartyourcomputertotryagain.

2. Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup, your mouse will
notwork,soyou mustuse the keyboard. On theWelcome to Setup
page,pressENTER

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORK SHOP Page 35

 3. OntheWindowsXPLicensingAgreementpage,readthelicensingagreement.
Press the PAGEDOWN key to scroll to the bottom of the agreement.ThenpressF8.

4. This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on which Windows XP will
beinstalled.Onceyoucompletethisstep,alldataonyourharddiskdrivewillberemoved and
cannot be recovered. It is extremely important that you have a recentbackup copy of
your files before continuing. When you have a backup copy, press
D,andthenpressLwhenprompted.Thisdeletesyourexistingdata.PressENTERto

selectUnpartitionedspace, whichappears bydefault.

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 5. Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using the NTFS file
system,whichappearsbydefault.

6. Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process called formatting and
thencopiesthesetupfiles.Youcanleaveyour computerandreturn in20to30minutes.

7. Windows XP restarts and then continues with the installation process. From
thispoint forward, you can use your mouse. Eventually, theRegional and

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORK SHOP Page 37

 orpreferalanguageotherthanEnglish,youcanchangelanguagesettingsaftersetupiscomplete

8. On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your
organizationname. Some programs use this information to automatically fill in your
name whenrequired.Then,clickNext.

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 9. On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as it appears on
yourWindows XP CD case. The product key is unique for every Windows XP
installation.Then,clickNext.

10. On the Computer Name and Administrator Password page, in the

Computername box, type a name that uniquely identifies your computer in your
house, such asFAMILYROOM or TOMS. You cannot use spaces or punctuation. If
you connectyour computertoanetwork,you willusethiscomputernametofind
sharedfilesandprinters. Type a strong password that you can remember in the
Administratorpassword box, and then retype it in the Confirm password box.
Write the passworddownandstore itina secureplace.ClickNext.

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 11. OntheDateandTimeSettingspage,setyourcomputer‘sclock.Then,clickthe

Time Zonedownarrow,andselectyourtimezone. ClickNext.

12. WindowsXPwillspendaboutaminuteconfiguringyourcomputer.Onthe
NetworkingSettingspage, clickNext.

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 13. OntheWorkgroup orComputerDomainpage,clickNext.

14.WindowsXPwillspend20or30minutesconfiguringyourcomputerandwill

automaticallyrestartwhenfinished.WhentheDisplaySettingsdialogappears,clickOK

14. Whenthe MonitorSettingsdialog boxappears,clickOK.

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 15. The final stage of setup begins. On the Welcome to Microsoft Windows
page,clickNext.

16. OntheHelp protect yourPCpage,click Helpprotectmy PC by turning on

Automatic Updates now.Then,click

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 17. Windows XP will then check if you are connected to the Internet: If you
areconnected to the Internet, select the choice that describes your network connection
onthe Will this computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a
network?Page.Ifyou‘re notsure,accept the defaultselection,and clickNext

18. If you use dial-up Internet access, or if Windows XP cannot connect to

theInternet, you can connect totheInternetafter setup is complete. On the How
willthiscomputerconnecttotheInternet?Page,clickSkip.

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 19. Windows XP Setup displays the Ready to activate Windows? Page. If you
areconnected to the Internet, click Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet
connectedto the Internet, click No, click Next, and then skip to step 24. After setup is
complete,Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and register your
copy ofWindowsXP

20. OntheReady toregisterwithMicrosoft?Page,clickYes,andthenclickNext.

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 21. Onthecollectingregistrationinformationpage, completetheform.
Then,clickNext.

22. On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name of each person who
willuse the computer. You can use first names only, nicknames, or full names. Then
clickNext. To add users after setup is complete or to specify a password to keep
youraccountprivate,readCreateandcustomizeuseraccounts.

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 23. OntheThankyou!Page,clickFinish.

Congratulations!WindowsXPsetupiscomplete.
TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment
ERROR:No ErrorsforthisExperiment
RESULT: InstallationofWindowsXPiscompleted

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Task4:
Install Operating System

Aim: Perform the installation of the Linux operating system on a personal computer which should
be windows installed. The system should be configured as the dual boot with both windows and
Linux.

Procedure:

YaST (Yet another Setup Tool) provides options that make installation simple and quick.

To perform the installation, follow the steps:

1) Insert the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Product CD/DVD and

then reboot the system to start installationprogram.
2) Now it will display the Boot options window to select one option
using the arrow keys. Now select the “Installation” option from
Boot options window which will starts normal installationprocess
where all modern hardware functions areenabled.

3) Next you will be asked for system language selection which is

started by the YaST.

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORK SHOP Page 47

 The left side display the overview of installation status. The right
side displays the current installation step.
4) After selecting the language click on next to accept the license
agreement. There you have to select the option “Yes, I agree to the
LicenseAgreement”.
5) After accepting the license agreement, in the Installation Mode
dialog select either “New Installation” or “Update” (or) select
“Repair Installation” or “Boot Installed System” from the Other
Optionsdialog.

6) After selecting the New Installation option from theinstallation

mode now set/change clock and timezone.

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 7) Next is to click on accept button to understand & change the
installationsettings.

Booting is one of the installation settings, Select this if you want to change any boot
loader settings or use Lilo (Linux Loader) instead of GRUB (Grand Unified Boot loader) as
boot loader.
A “Primary Partition” consists of a continuous range of cylinders (physical disk areas)
assigned to a particular file system. If you use only primary partitions, you are limited to
four partitions per hard disk. This is why extended partitions are used. “Extended Partitions”
are also continuous ranges of disk cylinders, but can be subdivided into “Logical partitions”
which do not require entries in the main partitiontable.

A SLES 10 installation needs at least two partitions:

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 Swap partition: This partition is used by Linux to move unused data from the
main memory to the hard dive, thus freeing main memory which then can be
used by other processes.
Root partition: This is the partition that holds the top (/) of the file system
hierarchy, called as root directory.

8) Next it will be asked to create the partition, select the type of

partition from the Partitioning headline in the installationproposal.

Where we have three options Accept Proposal (accepts already existing partition
scheme, Base Partition Setup on This Proposal (Starts the YaST Expert Pratitioner),
and Create custom Partition Setup (used to create custom partition).
9) After selecting Create Custom partition setup option it will display
a dialog of Hard disk containing two options. Select the option
“Custom. Partition (for experts)”. And click on Nextbutton.

10) Create new Partition by clicking the create button and choose
“create a primary or logical partition”. And select the start andend
cylinder and file system and mount point and click onOK.

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 Preparing HardDisk:Step1 ExpertPratitioner

11) Next you will be asked to select the software depending on thedisk
spaceavailable.

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 12) Next we can start the installation process by clicking the accept
button, which shows the dialog asking you to confirm theproposal.
13) Start the installation by selecting the option“Install”.
14) Set the host name of the system to “Linux-svce”, root password (let
the root password besvce).

15) Next is to either skip configuration or use the following

configuration. Let here we select “skipconfiguration”.

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 16) Next it will ask to test the internet connection. As we don’t have the
internet connection we just skip this test. To skip this we select the
option “No, Skip ThisTest”.
17) Next you will be asked to manage the users. Where we can addthe
local users. To add local users we have to give the full name of the
user, user name, and password and confirm password and click on
18) next button.

19) Next you will be asked to configure the hardware. The

configuration proposal contains the Graphic card, printer, and sound
option toconfigure.

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 20) Confirm your hardware settings by selecting next, and thenselect
Finish.
21) The system starts the graphical login screen, where you can login
with your previously created user account. SLES 10 is now
installed on yoursystem.
22) To Login enter the user name and password which is entered in step
number17.
Result:

I have successfully completed Linux Installation on a personalcomputer.

FAT File Allocation Table

NTFS New Technology File System Basic
BIOS Input Output System
Commands:
mkdir create a directory
cd  change thedirectory
ls  display list of files &directories
mv  move orrename
cat  create afile
cp  copy the contents of one file toother
date  display thedate
time  display the system, real, usertime
cal  display thecalendar

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 Task5:
I assume you're referring to BOSS Linux, which stands for "Bharat Operating System
Solutions." It's a Linux distribution developed by the Indian government for use in government
offices and institutions. Here are the general steps to installBOSS Linux on your computer:

Note: Before proceeding, please ensure you have backed up any important data from your
computer, as the installation process may involve formatting your harddrive, which will erase all
data. Also, make sure you have a bootable USB drive with the BOSS Linux installation media.

Every student install BOSS on the computer.the system should be configuredas dual boot
(VMWare) with both windows and BOSS. LAB instructors should verify the installation
and follow it up with a ViVa

1. Download BOSS Linux ISO:

 Visit the official BOSS Linux website or a trusted mirror site to download
the ISO file for the version of BOSS Linux you want to install. Ensure you
download the correct architecture (32-bit or 64-bit) based on your
computer's hardware.

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ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORK SHOP Page 56
 2. Create a Bootable USB Drive:
 To install BOSS Linux, you'll need a bootable USB drive containing the
Linux installation media. You can create one using tools like Rufus
(Windows) or Etcher (macOS and Linux). Follow the instructions provided
by the tool to create the bootable USB drive.

3. Insert the Bootable USB Drive:

 Insert the bootable USB drive into a USB port on your computer.

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 4. Boot from the USB Drive:
 Restart your computer.
 During the boot process, access the BIOS or UEFI settings by pressing a specific key
(usually Del, F2, F12, or Esc) displayed on the screen. The keyto access BIOS/UEFI
settings varies by computer manufacturer.
 In the BIOS/UEFI settings, set your computer to boot from the USB drive.

5. Install BOSS Linux:

 Save the changes in BIOS/UEFI settings and restart your computer.
 The BOSS Linux installation process should start from the bootable USBdrive.
 Follow the on-screen instructions in the installer.
 You'll be prompted to choose your language, time zone, keyboard layout,and create a
user account.
 You may also be asked about disk partitioning. You can choose to install BOSS Linux
alongside your existing operating system (dual boot) or wipe

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 the entire disk and install BOSS Linux as the sole operating system. Be
cautious when partitioning your hard drive.

6. Complete the Installation:

 After the installation is complete, you will receive a confirmation message.
 Remove the USB drive and restart your computer.

7. Configure BOSS Linux:

 Log in with the username and password you created during installation.
 Set up your desktop environment and personalize your BOSS Linux
installation as desired.
 Install any additional software or updates

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8. Explore and Enjoy:
 Your BOSS Linux distribution should now be installed and ready to use.
Explore the software repositories to install applications and customize your
BOSS Linux experience.

 Result :the above installation successfully completed

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INTERNET&World Wide Web
TASK:1

Orientation& Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to

theirLocalAreaNetworkandaccesstheInternet.Intheprocesstheyconfigurethe
TCP/IPsetting.Finallystudentsshoulddemonstratehow to access the websites
and email.
AIM:TolearnLocalAreaNetworkandaccesstheInternet.Intheprocesstheyconfigurethe
TCP/IPsetting. Finally students should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access
the websites and email
SoftwareRequirement:LocalAreaNetworktoaccesstheInternet
HardwareRequirement:Personalcomputer

THEORY:

Theinternetisaworldwide, publiclynetworkofinterconnectedcomputernetworks

LOCALAREANETWORK:
LANs are privately owned networks with in a single building or campus
of up to few kilometers insize.
WIDEAREANETWORK:
AWANisanetworkthatconnectscomputersacrossalargegeographicareasu
chasacityorcountry
TCP/IP(TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol):
Collectionofmethodsusedtoconnectserversontheinternetandtoexchangedata.

HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage):
The codingusedtocontrolthelookofdocuments onthe web

HTTP(HyperTextTransferProtocol):
PartofaurlthatidentifiesthelocationasonethatusesHTML

IP(InternetProtocol):
Aformatfor contentsandaddressesofpacketsofinformationsentovertheinternet

IPADDRESS:
Anidentifierfor acomputerordeviceonaTCP/Ipnetwork

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 InternetConnectionrequirements:

 TCP/IPprotocol

 ClientSoftware

 ISPAccount
Means of communication tothenet:

 TelephoneModem

 Ethernet

 ISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork)

 DSL(DigitalSubscriberLine)

 Satellite.

PROCEDURE:
1. Goto start>control Panel

2. OpenNetwork Connections

3. Clickcreateanewconnectionandthenclicknext

4. Thenewconnectionwizardwindowopens,clicknexttocontinue

5. Chooseoneoftheoptionsinthenextdialogbox.

6. Chooseoneofthethreeoptionsinthenextdialogbox

7. IfyoudonothaveaninternetaccountclickchoosefromalistofISPsandthenclicknext

8. IfyouhaveanaccountclickSetupmyconnectionmanually

9. Ifyou haveaCDfromtheISP clickusetheCDIgot fromanISP andthenclicknext

Follow the next steps as per the option you selected.

TEST DATA: NoTestdataforthisExperiment

ERROR: NoErrorsforthisExperiment
RESULT: Inthiswaywecanlearnsurfingthe web

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 TASK:2

Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN
proxysettings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia
FlashandJRE forapplets shouldbeconfigured

AIM:To learntosurfthe web

SoftwareRequirement: LocalAreaNetworktoaccesstheInternet

HardwareRequirement:Personalcomputer

THEORY:

 WebbrowserprovidesthemeanstothesearchingandalsohelpstoDownloadthewebc
ontent.
 WebbrowserssupportmostofthefamousInternetProtocolslikeHTTP,FTP
 CommonfileformatsabrowseracceptsareHTML
 WellknownbrowsersnativelysupportavarietyofotherformatsinadditiontoHTMLsuchasJPEG,P
NG,GIFimageformats

Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a named anchor –
primarilytoURLs.Theprimarypurposeofthisbookmarkistoeasilycatalog
andaccesswebpagesthatthewebbrowseruserhasvisited orplansto visit,withouthaving to
navigatethewebtogetthere.
Pop-upBlockers:
Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the attention of the
users.These pop ups are hosted on the web sites which are frequently visited by thenetizens. These pop
upsare activated when these web sites open a newweb browser window and there by
displayingtheadvertisements.
Plug-ins:
A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main application to provide a
betterintegrationofthemedia.Thebasicdifferencebetweenapplicationprogramsandplug-insisthatmultimedia
files are launched in a separate window where as in plug-ins multimedia play in the browserwindow.
Fewfamousplug -insare:

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  AppleQuickTime

 Macromediaflash
 MicrosoftMediaPlayer
 AdobeShockwave
 SunMicrosystemsJavaApplet

PROCEDURE: LAN

ProxySettings:

 selecttoolsmenuinInternetExplorer

 Select InternetOptions

 SelectConnections

 Youendupintwooptions

Dialupandvirtualnetworksett
ings LAN setting
Theselectionatthisstepisdependentonthekindofconnectionyouaretryingto
Configure.Theyare:
 Dial-upmodemconnection
 LANconnection

 DSLorCablemodem

TESTDATA:NoTestdataforthisExperiment

ERROR:NoErrorsforthisExperiment

RESULT:Inthiswaywecanlearnsurfingthe web

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 TASK3:
Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines
areand how to use the search engines. Usage of search engines like
Google,Yahoo,ask.comandothers shouldbedemonstratedbystudent.
AIM:To know what search engines are and how to use the search
engines.Software Requirement: Local Area Network to access the
InternetHardwareRequirement:Personalcomputer
THEORY:
Searchengine:
Asearchenginecanbedefinedasawebsitewithtoolswhichhelpyoutofind informationonthe internet
Function ofa searchengine:
YoucanfindanythingfromascheduleofWhitehousetourstoinstructionsfor removing stains
fromclothes.
Limitations:
Searchenginesvisitwebsitesonlyseveralweeks.Searchenginescannotsee information
inotherdatabases lateron.
On the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that includes: Aspider (crawler
or bot) that goes to every page or representative pages on everyweb site that wants to be
searchable and reads it , using hypertext links on eachpageto discover andreadsite‘s other
pages.
Pros:
 Youcan selectthesearchterms
 Youcanusethesamesearchtermswithmultiplesearchengines
 You canchangesearchtermsasmuchasyouwish
 Youwillnormallyreceive numerous links

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  Itsfast
Cons:
 Therearesomanydifferentsearchenginesitmaybedifficulttochoose
 Youwillnormallyreceive toomanylinks oftenmaking it
difficulttoidentifythe most relevantsites.
 Thevastmajorityoflinksmaybeonlymarginallyrelevantoraltogetherirre
levant

 AltaVista
EX:  Ask Jeeves
 Google
 Lycos
Etc...
MetaSearchEngines:
Meta search engines or ―metacrawlersǁ don‘t crawl the web themselves. Insteadthey search
theresources ofmultiple search engines by sendinga search toseveralsearch engines
atonceaggregatingthe result.

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TASK4:
Cyber Hygiene: Students should learn about viruses on the internet
andinstall antivirus software. Student should learn to customize the
browsers toblockpop ups, blockactivex downloadstoavoid viruses
and/orworms.
AIM:To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be safe on
the internet.
Software Requirement:Antivirus Software
Hardware Requirement: Personal computer
THEORY:

Antivirus:
Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer orthat you
purchase and install yourself. It protects your computer against mostviruses, worms,
Trojan horses and other unwanted invaders that can make yourcomputersick.
Firewall:
Afirewallisaspecialsoftwareorhardwaredesignedtoprotectaprivatecomputernetworkfromu
nauthorizedaccess.Afirewallisasetofrelatedprograms located at a network gateway server
which protects the resources of theprivatenetwork fromusers fromothernetworks.
PROCEDURE:
InstallingSymantecantivirus forWindows:
 InsertSymantecantivirus CDinto yourCDdrive
 DoubleclickontheSymantec-setup.exe
 Theinstaller willopen
 Click next toproceed
 License agreement will open. Click I acceptthetermsofthelicense
agreementandthen clicknext.
 Followtheinstructiononthe screen to complete the installation.

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GetComputerUpdates:

 Clickstart>settings>control panel

 Click Automatic Updates icon to open Automatic Updates dialogbox

 ChecktheboxKeepmy computerupto date

 Chooseasetting

 Click OK

BlockPop ups:

 Inthe IEopentools>pop-upblocker
 Clickon TurnonPop-upblocker

WindowsFirewall:

 GotoStart>controlpanel>NetworkandInternetConnections>windowsfirewall
 InthegeneraltabchecktheOn(recommended)box
 Ifyoudon‘twantanyexceptionscheckonDon’tallowexceptionsbox

TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment
RESULT:Antivirusisinstalledinthesyste

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 68

La TeX&Word
Task:1

Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of La Tex and Microsoft(MS)office
equivalent(FOSS) tool word:Importance of La Tex and MS office or equivalent(FOSS) tool
word as word processor, details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each,
Using La Tex word-Accessing overview of toolbars, saving files, using helpand resources,
rulers, format painter in word.

AIM:

To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.

Software Requirement: MS-WORD

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:

Importance as a Word Processor:

 La TeX is essential for tasks that require precise document formatting, such as
academic papers, theses, and technical documents.

 It offers superior typesetting capabilities, particularly for complex mathematical

formulas and citations.

Four Key Tasks and Features in LaTeX:

1.Document Creation and Formatting:

 La TeX allows you to create structured documents using a markup language.

 Key commands and environments format text, headings, lists, equations, and
references.

2.Bibliography Management:

 LaTeX integrates with BibTeX or BibLaTeX for managing references and citations.

 You can create bibliographies, citations, and reference lists efficiently.

3.Cross-Referencing:

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  LaTeX enables easy cross-referencing of sections, equations, tables, figures, and
references.

 This is crucial for maintaining consistency and accuracy in academic and technical
documents.

4.Customization and Styles:

 Users have fine-grained control over document layout, fonts, styles, and formatting.

 Custom templates and document classes can be created to match specific publication
requirements.

Using LaTeX:
Accessing: LaTeX is typically accessed through integrated development environments
(IDEs) like TeXShop, TeXstudio, or online editors like Overleaf.

Overview of Toolbars: LaTeX IDEs provide toolbars and menus for inserting common
LaTeX commands and symbols.

Saving Files: LaTeX documents are saved with .tex extensions, and output files (PDF, DVI)
are generated after compiling.

Using Help and Resources: LaTeX offers extensive documentation, online forums, and
community support for learning and troubleshooting.

Rulers: LaTeX doesn't use rulers like traditional word processors; formatting is done using
commands and templates.

Microsoft Office (or Equivalent FOSS Tool - LibreOffice Writer):

Importance as a Word Processor:

 Microsoft Office (or FOSS alternatives like LibreOffice Writer) is widely used for
general word processing tasks, such as creating letters, reports, and presentations.

 It offers a user-friendly, WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) environment,
making it accessible to a broad audience.

Four Key Tasks and Features in Microsoft Office (or FOSS Equivalent):
1.Document Creation and Formatting:

 MS Word (or Libre Office Writer) provides a WYSIWYG interface for creating and

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 70

 formatting documents.

 Users can easily format text, apply styles, and insert images, tables, and charts.

2.Collaboration and Comments:

 MS Word supports real-time collaboration, allowing multiple users to edit a document

simultaneously.

 Features like track changes and comments enable collaborative editing.

3.Templates and Styles:

 Users can choose from a variety of pre-designed templates for different document
types.

 Styles and formatting options ensure consistent and professional-looking documents.

4. Export and Compatibility:

 MS Word documents can be easily saved in various formats, including .docx, .pdf,
and .html.

 Compatibility with Microsoft Office formats ensures smooth sharing with others.

Using Microsoft Office (or FOSS Equivalent):

Accessing: Microsoft Office is typically accessed through desktop applications like Word or
online versions through a web browser.

Overview of Toolbars: It provides a ribbon-based interface with toolbars and menus for
formatting and editing.

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Saving Files: Documents are saved with .docx extensions for Microsoft Word or .odt for
LibreOffice Writer.

Rulers: Traditional rulers are available in the interface for adjusting margins and tab stops.
Margins set the amount of white space that appears at the top, bottom, left, and right edges of

your document. The margin option in the page set up group of the page layout tab provides

several standard margin size from which you can choose.

1. Choose the layout tab.

2. Click margin in the page set up group. A menu appears.

3. Click moderate. Word sets your margin to the moderate setting.

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Format Painter: Format Painter allows users to copy formatting from one part of the
document and apply it to another.

RESULT: A document is created by applying the above mentioned techniques

Viva Questions and Answers:

1) What is a titlebar?

2) What is menubar?

3) What is a toolbar?

Task:2

Using La TeX and Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered:-Formatting

Fonts in word. Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using character spacing, borders
and colors, inserting Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both La Tex and
word.

AIM:

To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.

Software Requirement: MS-WORD

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 73

THEORY:

Creating a project certificate using LaTeX and Microsoft Word involves different approaches
due to the distinct nature of these tools. Below are steps and features for creating a project
certificate in both LaTeX and Word:

Microsoft Word:

1.Formatting Fonts in Word:

 Open a new document in Microsoft Word.

 Select the text you want to format, such as the certificate title or recipient's name.

 Use the "Font" section on the Home tab to change font styles, sizes, and formatting
options.

2.Drop Cap in Word:

 To create a drop cap for the first letter of the certificate text, select the first letter.

 Go to the "Insert" tab, and in the "Text" group, click on "Drop Cap" to choose a style.

3.Applying Text Effects:

 You can apply text effects, like shadows or reflections, by selecting the text and using
the "Text Effects" option under the "Font" section.

4.Using Character Spacing:

 Adjust character spacing (kerning) by selecting the text and going to the "Font" dialog
box (accessible via the "Font" section's dialog box launcher).

 In the "Advanced" tab, you can adjust character spacing.

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5.Borders and Colors:

 Add borders around text or paragraphs by selecting the text, going to the "Borders"
option under the "Home" tab, and customizing border styles and colors.

 Adjust text and background colors using the font and highlight color options.

6.Inserting Header and Footer:

 To create a header or footer for the certificate, go to the "Insert" tab and choose
"Header" or "Footer." Customize as needed with text, page numbers, or date and time.

7.Using Date and Time Option:

 Place the cursor where you want to insert the date and time.

 Go to the "Insert" tab, and in the "Text" group, click on "Date & Time." Choose a
format and click "OK."

LaTeX:
1.Formatting Fonts in LaTeX:

 In LaTeX, you can format fonts using commands like \textbf{} for bold, \textit{} for
italics, and \fontsize{}{} for adjusting font size.

2.Drop Cap in LaTeX:

 Create a drop cap by using packages like lettrine. Include \usepackage{lettrine} in

your preamble.

 Wrap the first letter in \lettrine{} to style it with a drop cap.

3.Applying Text Effects in LaTeX:

 LaTeX focuses on content and structure more than visual effects.

 For text effects, you can explore packages like textcomp and ulem for underlining,
overlining, etc.

4.Character Spacing in LaTeX:

 Adjust character spacing using the soul package with commands like \so{}
(stretching) or \caps{} (letterspacing).

5.Borders and Colors in LaTeX:

 Use the xcolor package for specifying colors in text and boxes.

 Create borders around text with packages like fancybox or tcolorbox.

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6.Inserting Header and Footer in LaTeX:

 Design a custom header/footer by defining page styles with the fancyhdr package.

 Use commands like \lhead{}, \chead{}, and \rhead{} to set the left, center, and right
headers, respectively.

7.Using Date and Time Option in LaTeX:

 To insert the current date and time, use the \today command for date and the
\currenttime command from the datetime2 package for time.

RESULT: A document is created by applying the above mentioned techniques .

Task:3

Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles, Inserting table,

Bullets andNumbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote,
Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check,TrackChanges.

AIM:

To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.

Software Requirement: MS-WORD

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:

Creating a project abstract in Microsoft Word involves using various formatting styles,
inserting tables, applying bullets and numbering, changing text direction, aligning cells,
adding footnotes, hyperlinks, symbols, spell checking, and using track changes. Here are the
steps and features for creating a project abstract:

Formatting Styles:
1.Apply Heading Styles:

 Use built-in heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.) to format section titles or
headings consistently.

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 76

  Select the text and choose the appropriate heading style from the "Styles" group in the
"Home" tab.

2.Customize Styles:

 Modify existing styles or create custom styles to meet specific formatting

requirements.

 Access the "Styles" pane to manage and modify styles.

Inserting a Table:
1.Create a Table:

 Go to the location where you want to insert the table.

 Click on the "Insert" tab and select "Table." Choose the number of rows and columns
for your table.

2.Format the Table:

 Use table tools under the "Table Design" tab to format the table's appearance,
including borders, shading, and layout.

Bullets and Numbering:

1.Create Bulleted or Numbered Lists:

 Select the text you want to format as a list.

 Use the "Bullets" or "Numbering" buttons in the "Paragraph" group on the "Home"
tab to create lists.

Changing Text Direction:

 Select the text you want to change the direction of.

 Click on the "Text Direction" button in the "Paragraph" group on the "Home" tab to
rotate or flip the text.

Cell Alignment in Tables:

Align Text in Cells:

 Select the cell or cells you want to align.

 se the alignment buttons in the "Alignment" group on the "Table Design" tab to adjust
text alignment within cells.

Adding Footnotes:

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 77

Insert Footnotes:

 Place the cursor where you want to insert a footnote.

Go to the "References" tab and click on "Insert Footnote."

Hyperlinks:
Insert Hyperlinks:

 Select the text or object you want to hyperlink.

 Click on the "Insert" tab and choose "Hyperlink." Enter the URL or choose a
document or webpage to link to.Symbols:

Insert Symbols:

 Place the cursor where you want to insert a symbol.

 Go to the "Insert" tab and select "Symbol" to choose from a list of symbols and
special characters.

Spell Check:

 Click on the "Review" tab and select "Spelling & Grammar" to run a spell check on
your document.

 Correct any spelling or grammar errors as prompted.

Track Changes:

 To enable track changes, go to the "Review" tab and click on the "Track Changes"
button.

 Any changes you make to the document will be tracked and can be reviewed by
others.

RESULT: A document is created by applying the above mentioned techniques.

Viva Q&A:

1) What is the feature of microsof tword?

2) What is the undo and redo commands?
3) What are the various cell alignments?

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 78

Task:4
Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper
columns, Imagesfrom files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting
Images, Textboxes, Paragraphsinword.

AIM: Create a news Letter

Software Requirement: MS-WORD

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:
Creating a newsletter in Microsoft Word involves various features and elements, including
table of contents, newspaper-style columns, images from files and clipart, the Drawing
toolbar and WordArt, formatting images, textboxes, paragraphs, and even utilizing mail
merge. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to create a newsletter using these features:
Table of Contents:
1.Create a Table of Contents (TOC):
 Place the cursor where you want to insert the TOC.
 Go to the "References" tab and click on "Table of Contents." Choose a style or format
for your TOC.
Newspaper Columns:
Set Up Columns:
 Go to the "Page Layout" tab.
 Click on "Columns" and select the number of columns you want for your newsletter.
Images from Files and Clipart:
Insert Images from Files:
 Place the cursor where you want to insert an image.
 Go to the "Insert" tab, select "Picture," and choose an image from your computer.
Insert Clipart:
 Use the "Insert" tab and select "Clip Art" to search for and insert clipart images.
Drawing Toolbar and WordArt:
1.Access Drawing Tools:

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 79

  Go to the "Insert" tab and click on "Shapes" to access drawing tools and WordArt.
2.Insert Shapes and WordArt:
 Click on the shape or WordArt style you want to insert and draw it on your
newsletter.

Formatting Images:
Format Images:
 Select an image and go to the "Format" tab to adjust image properties, such as size,
position, borders, and effects.
Textboxes:
Insert Textboxes:
 Go to the "Insert" tab and click on "Text Box" to insert a textbox for adding text or
additional content.
Paragraphs:
Add and Format Paragraphs:
 Use standard formatting options from the "Home" tab to format paragraphs, including
font, alignment, indentation, and spacing.

TESTDATA:No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: NoErrors for thisExperiment

RESULT: A document is created by applying the above mentioned techniques

MS Word Short Cut Keys:

Ctrl + A = Select All the Text

Ctrl + B = Bold Highlighted Selection
Ctrl + C = Copy the Selected text.
Ctrl + D = Font Dialog Box
Ctrl + E = Centre Alignment of the text
Ctrl + F = Find the text
Ctrl + G = Go to the specific page
Ctrl + H = Replace the text
Ctrl + I = Italic of the text
Ctrl + J = Justify alignment of the text
Ctrl + k = Hyper link
Ctrl + L = Lift alignment of the text
Ctrl + M = Indent the paragraph
Ctrl + N = Create a new document
Ctrl + O = Open the existing document
Ctrl + P = Print the document
Ctrl + R = Right alignment of the text
Ctrl + S = Save the document
Ctrl + U = Underline highlighted selection
Ctrl + V = Paste the copied or cut the text

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Ctrl + X = Cut the selected text.
Ctrl +Y = Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z = Undo last action

MS Word Short Cut Keys Combination of Ctrl and other Keys:

Ctrl + F2 = Print preview of the documents
Ctrl + shift + > = Font size Increase
Ctrl + shift+ < = Font size Decrease
Ctrl + } = Font size increase
Ctrl + { = Font size Decrease
Shift + F3 = Change case or sentence case
Ctrl + = = Sub Script of the text
Shift+ Ctrl+ + = Super Script of the text
F12 = Save as the document
Home = Move the cursor to beginning of the line
End = Move the cursor to the end of the document
Ctrl + Home = Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document
Ctrl + End = Moves the cursor to the end of the document
F7 = Check spell and grammar

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 81

Excel:

Task:1

Spreadsheet Orientation: Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving

spreadsheet files, Using helpand resources. Creating a Scheduler:- Gridlines,

Format Cells, Summation, auto fill, FormattingText.

AIM:Tomaintainashiftschedulewithspecifications

SoftwareRequirement:MS-EXCEL

HardwareRequirement:Personalcomputer

THEORY:

Gridlines:

1. Clicktheworksheet.
2. Onthefilemenu,clickpagesetupandtheclickthesheettab.

3. Clickgridlines.
4. Selectthesheetsonwhichyouwanttochangethegridlinescolor.
5. OntheTools menuclickoptionsclickthecoloryouwantinthecolorbox.
6. Tousethedefaultgridlinescolorclickautomatic.
7. Linesyoucanaddtoachartthatmakeiteasiertoviewandevaluatedata.
Gridlinesextendfromthetickmarksonanaxis across aplotarea.
FormatCell:

1. Changethefontand fontsize.
2. Changethetextcolor.
3. Makeselectedtextornumbersbold,italicorunderlined.
4. Createanewstyle.

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 82

Auto fit:

1. Combinecellshorizontallyorverticallytomakeonelargecell.

2. Add borderstocells.

3. Shadecellswithcolors.

Formatting the text:

1. Selectthetextyouwanttoformat.
2. Ontheformatmenuclickcells andthenclicknumbertab.
3. Inthe catalog boxclicktext.
4. Enterthenumbers intheformattedcells.
5. Clickok.
6. Thenpressenterand reenterthedata.
PROCEDURE:

Firstclick start button of the screen on status bar. Click on programs and then
Microsoftexcel.To get a new blank work sheet go to programs and then click on
excel sheet. On the file menu click pagesetup and then click sheet tab click gridlines.
In this way do the required changes using format cell,
maketherequiredchangesusingformattingtextalsomaketherequiredchanges.Enterthed
atainthedatain.

TESTDATA:NoTestdataforthisExperiment

ERROR:NoErrorsforthisExperiment

RESULT: AExcelSheetiscreatedbyapplyingtheabovementionedtechniques

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 83

Task:2

Calculating GPA - .Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in

spreadsheetaverage,std.deviation,Charts,RenamingandInsertingworksheets,
Hyperlinking,Countfunction,

AIM:
To maintain a control chart for printing books with given data.
SoftwareRequirement:MS-EXCEL
HardwareRequirement:Personalcomputer
THEORY:
Calculating GPA in Microsoft Excel involves various features and functions to help you
manage and analyze your grades effectively. Here are the steps and features to cover when
calculating GPA:
Cell Referencing:
1.Enter Grades: In one column, enter your grades (e.g., A, B, C, etc.) for each course.
2.Enter Credit Hours: In another column, enter the credit hours associated with each course.
Formulae in Excel:
1.Calculate Grade Points: Assign grade point values to your grades (e.g., A = 4.0, B = 3.0,
etc.). You can do this in a separate column using a lookup function like VLOOKUP or a
nested IF function.
2.Calculate Total Grade Points: In a new cell, use a SUM formula to add up the grade points
for all your courses.
3.Calculate Total Credit Hours: Use a SUM formula to add up the credit hours for all your
courses.
4.Calculate GPA: Divide the total grade points by the total credit hours to calculate your
GPA. The formula would be something like =SUM(Grade Points) / SUM(Credit Hours).
Average:
1.Calculate Course Average: You can calculate the average grade for a specific course by
using the AVERAGE function on the grades for that course.
2.Calculate Overall Average: To find your overall average, use the AVERAGE function on
all your grades.

Standard Deviation:
1.Calculate Standard Deviation: Excel has a built-in STDEV.P function to calculate the
standard deviation of your grades.

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Charts:
1.Create a Chart: To visualize your grades or GPA, select your data, and go to the "Insert" tab
to create charts like bar charts, line charts, or pie charts.
Renaming and Inserting Worksheets:
1.Rename Worksheets: Right-click on a worksheet tab and select "Rename" to give it a
meaningful name, such as "Semester 1" or "Fall 2023."
2.Insert Worksheets: Right-click on a worksheet tab and select "Insert" to add new
worksheets for each semester or term.
Hyperlinking:
1.Hyperlink to Documents: You can hyperlink course names to related documents or
websites for quick access. Select the text, right-click, choose "Hyperlink," and enter the URL
or file path.
COUNT Function:
1.Count Specific Grades: To count the number of specific grades (e.g., the number of A's),
use the COUNTIF function.
For example, to count the number of A's in a range of cells, you would use a formula like
=COUNTIF(Grade Range, "A").

Student Data with Using MS Excel Functions:

STUDENT MARKS MEMO CARD

Sno Sname Tel Hindi English Maths Science Social Total Rank Result Address
1001 Arun 78 89 67 89 76 89 488 1 pass tirupati
1005 smitha 90 87 67 65 78 67 454 2 pass chittoor
1002 Sarath 90 87 67 56 76 45 421 3 pass chittor
1004 Ravi 78 90 87 65 45 34 399 4 fail tirupati
1003 Subbu 90 87 56 45 34 56 368 5 fail gudur

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Sum (Total):

Syntax:

= sum (First cell address: Ending cell address)

= sum (c2:h2)

=c2+d2+e2+f2+g2+h2(without sum function)

=sum(c2,d2,e2,f2,g2,h2)

Average:

Syntax:

=average (First cell address: Ending cell address)

=average(c2:h2)

=average(c2,d2,e2,f2,g2,h2)

Percentage:

= i2 / 600 * 100

Rank:

= Rank (number, reference, order)

Order = 0-Desending order

1-Assending order

=Rank(i2,i:i,0)

Maximum:

Syntax:

=max(starting cell address: Ending cell address)

=max(c2:h2)

Minimum:

Syntax:

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 86

 = min(Starting cell address: Ending cell address)

=min(c2:h2)

Result:

=if (and (c2>=35, d2>=35, e2>=35, f2>=35,g2>=35,h2>=35),”pass”, ”fail”)

VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP Functions:

This documentexplains thefunctions of VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP

and how to usethemina spreadsheet.Itcanbe
usedinallversionsofMicrosoftExcel.

VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP are functions in Excel that allow you to

search a table ofdata and based on what the user has supplied and give
appropriate information from thattable.

If you have a table of Student ID numbers, Student Names and Grades,

you can set upExcel so that if a Student ID number is supplied by the
user, it will look through the tableandoutputthestudent's nameandgrade.

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 87

 A B C
VLOOKUP

StudentIDNumber 1234 Usersupplied

StudentName JohnSmith Fromtable

SemesterGrade A/B Fromtable

VLOOKUP allows you to search a table that is set up vertically. That is, all of the data
isset up in columns and each column is responsible for one kind of data. In the Student
Recordexample, there would be a separate column of data for Student Names, one for
Student IDnumbers,etc.

HLOOKUPistheexactsamefunction,butlooksupdatathathasbeenformattedby

rowsinsteadofcolumns.

StudentIDNu 1234 1689 2495 3697 9228

mberStudent John JaneJones Michelle Jack Rod
Name Smith Schreiner Lepak Arneson
SemesterGrade A/B B/C B A B

The formatoftheVLOOKUPfunctionis:
VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup)

The lookup _value is the user input. This is the value that the function uses to
searchon. If you are searching a table by the Student ID number, thenthe lookup _value
isthecellthatcontainstheinputtedStudentIDnumberbeinglookedup.

The table _array is the area of cells in which the table is located. This includes not
onlythe column being searched on, but the data columns for which you are going to get
thevalues that you need. Back to the example, the table_array would not only include
theStudentIDnumbercolumn,butthecolumns fortheStudentNamesandGradesaswell.

The col _index _numis the column of data that contains the answer that you want. If
yourtable is set up as: column 1 - Student ID Number, column 2 - Student Names, column 3 -
Grades and you inputted a Student ID Number and you want to retrieve the grade that
wasreceivedforthatperson,thecol_index
_num would be 3. 3 is the column number of the data column for the ANSWER that you
aretryingtolookup.

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 Range _lookup is a TRUE or FALSE value. When set to TRUE, the lookup
functiongives the closest match to the lookup _value without going over the lookup
_value.When set toFALSE, an exactmatch mustbe found to the lookup _value or
thefunctionwillreturn#N/A.Note,thisrequiresthatthecolumncontainingthelookup
_valuebeformattedinascendingorder.

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TousetheFunctionWizardtoinsertaVLOOKUPfunction:

1. SelectthecellthatwillcontaintheanswertotheVLOOKUPandselect
Insert->Function...

2. UndertheFunctionCategory, chooseeitherAllorLookup&Reference.

3. UndertheFunctionName,selectVLOOKUP,andhitO

4. TheFunctionWizardforVLOOKUPwillthendisplay. The4valuestalkedaboutabove
(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,

required.Ifyouputthecursorintothefirstlineforlookup_value,
down belowit explains what thelookup _value isfor your
reference.Similarinformationisdisplayedwhenthecursoris
inanyoftheotherfields.

5. Enter in the lookup _value either by typing in the number for the cell, or, by selecting the
cellontheworksheet.
6. Enterinthetable_arraybytypinginthenumbersfor
thecells,or,byselectingthegroupofcells ontheworksheet.
7. Enter inthenumberforcolumnwhichcontainsthedatathatyouwishto obtain inthecol
_index_numarea.
8. Enterinto the range _lookup field the value TRUEif thefunction should accept theclosest
value to your lookup _value without going over or FALSE if an exact matchisrequired.

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 90

TESTDATA:NoTestdataforthisExperiment

ERROR:NoErrorsforthisExperiment

RESULT: AnExcelSheetiscreatedbyapplyingtheabovementionedtechniques

VivaQ&A:
1) Whatisanaveragefunction?

2) Whatisthesyntaxofaveragefunction?

3) Whatisacountfunction?

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 91

Task3
Split cell, freeze panes,group and outline,sorting, Boolean and logical operators
AIM:To maintain a shift schedule with specifications
SoftwareRequirement:MS-EXCEL

HardwareRequirement:Personalcomputer

THEORY:
Working with data in Microsoft Excel often involves a range of tasks, including splitting cells, freezing
panes, grouping and outlining data, sorting, using Boolean and logical operators, and applying
conditional formatting. Here's how to perform these tasks in Excel:
Procedure:
Split Cells:
1.Split Text to Columns:
•Select the cell or cells containing the text you want to split.
•Go to the "Data" tab and choose "Text to Columns."
•Follow the wizard to specify how you want to split the text, such as using delimiters (e.g., commas,
spaces) or fixed widths.
Freeze Panes:
1.Freeze Rows or Columns:
•Select the row below the rows you want to freeze or the column to the right of the columns you want to
freeze.
•Go to the "View" tab and click on "Freeze Panes." Choose "Freeze Panes" to freeze the selected row(s)
and column(s).
Group and Outline:
1.Group Data:
•Select the rows or columns you want to group.
•Right-click and choose "Group." This allows you to collapse and expand grouped sections of your
data.
Sorting the data:
A. To sort the numeric data in Excel sheet:
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 92
 1. Select the cells having numeric values, which you want to sort.

2. Now click the Data Tab.

3. Click on sort option under the data tab.

4. Then a “Sort Warning” window appears

5. Select the option “continue with the current selection”.

6. Click on “sort” button.

7. Now a sort window appears in that column shows which column you have selected.

8. Select the option under “Sort on”, based on your requirement

9. Select the order options either “smallest to largest” or “Largest to smallest”

10. Click on ok button

11. Now notice the difference in the order of your values.

To sort the alpha data in Excel sheet:

1. Select the cells having text example names, which you want to sort.

2. Now click the data tab.

3. Click on sort option under the data tab.

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 93

 4. Then a “sort Warning” window appears.

5. Select the option “continue with the current selection”.

6. Click on “sort” button.

7. Now a sort window appears in that column shows which column of you have selected.

8. Select the options under “Sort on”, based on your requirement.

9. Select the order options either “A to Z” or “Z to A”

10. Click on OK button.

11. Now notice the difference in the order of your text.

Filtering data:
To filter data Excel sheet:
1. Select the cells which you want to filter

2. Now click the data tab.

3. Click on filter option under the data tab.

4. Now dropdown arrow appears on your selected cell as shown in the figure.
ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 94
 5. Click on the dropdown arrow and select the required option and click ok.

Boolean and Logical Operators:

1.Use Boolean Operators:
•In Excel, you can use Boolean operators like AND, OR, and NOT in formulas.
•For example, you can create a formula like =IF(AND(A1>10, B1="Yes"), "True", "False")
to check if two conditions are met.
Conditional Formatting:
1.Apply Conditional Formatting:
•Select the range of cells you want to format based on conditions.
•Go to the "Home" tab and click on "Conditional Formatting."
•Choose a formatting rule (e.g., highlight cells that contain specific text, color scales, data bars).
•set the conditions and formatting options based on your criteria.

TEST DATA: NoTes tdata for this Experiment

ERROR:No Errors for this Experiment

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES IT WORKSHOP Page 95

RESULT: An Excel Sheet is created by applying the above mentioned techniques

POWER POINT:
Task 1:
Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them create basic power
point presentations. PPT Orientation, slide layouts, Inserting text, word art, formatting text, bullets and
numbering, Auto Shapes, lines and arrows in Power point.

AIM:
To maintain a Power Point presentation with some specifications

THEORY:
MS Power Point is the one of the software component of the MS Office. It is using prepare the
presentations with animations and different background designs and with animations and colours. It is
using prepare slides understanding the information and presenting the information effective manner.
How to start Microsoft power point presentation windows:
 To open power point in windows, click on the start button -->program-->micro soft power point.
 When power point is opened, a black Title slide appears by default as the first slide in your new
presentation.

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Office button:
1. The office Button is located in the top left hand corner of the screen.
2. The office Button allows you to open, save, and print documents, and perform other document
output functions such as fax and email.

The ribbon:
 The drop-down menus and many toolbar are available on the ribbon.

Command tab:
 Office applications atomically open to the home command tab, which contains formatting
option needed to create a basic document, such as font and paragraph setting.
Slide & outline tabs:
1. The slides tab shows thumbnail images of your slides, allowing you to rearrange and hide slides
and view set transitions as you work.
2. The outline tab shows the content of your slides, making it easy to rearrange your text.
Slide panel:
This panel is where you enter the content of your slides.
Notes panel:
1. This is where you can enter notes.

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 2. If you wish to enter longer notes, you can go to the view tab and select Notes page.
View buttons:
1. These three buttons include the Normal view, show here, the slide sorter, which allow you to
shuffle your slides, and the slide show, which shows the slides as if you were presentation.
Zoom slider:
2. This allows you to zoom in and out on the slide panel.
Adding text to a placeholder:
To add text to a place holder:
Click to add title
1. Like “Click to Add Text”.
2. When you click in the box, the dummy text will disappear, the cursor will become a blinking
line (I), and you can begin to type your text.
3. To view your document in normal size, click 100%.
Basic text formatting
1. To format your text, first select it.
2. Once the text your wish to format is highlighted, use the options in the font and paragraph groups
under the home tab to format your text.
How to insert new slide:
1. from the home tab in the slides group, clich on New Slide.
2. A blank slides will be inserted after your active slide.
Or
 To insert a new slide go to slides panel right click on the slide after which you want a new slide.

 A menu appears now select delete slide.

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To delete a slide:
 To delete a slide go to slide panel right click on the slide which you want to delete.

 A menu appears now select delete slide.

Or
 To delete a slide go to slide panel right select the slide which you want to delete.

 From the Home tab in the slide group, click on Delete.

Layout:
 To change the layout of an open slide, click on the layout button in the Home tab.

 Click on the required slide.

Inserting text box or shapes available under drawing tool:

1. Create a new blank slide.

2. Click on the required shape or text box; now place the mouse pointer on the slide.

3. Your mouse pointer will change to an insertion point.

4. Left click and draw your cursor across the screen to choose the size and location of your text
box or shape.

5. Now insert one more shape on first inserted shape and select any of the shape.

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 6. Now click on “Arrange”.

7. Check with each option under Arrange tab. With these options We can arrange the shapes order,
position and rotated.

8. Now insert a blank slide and insert a text box and type your name.

9. Now click on quick styles, you will get list of visual styles. Now move the mouse pointer over
the styles and select any one of the styles.

Now observe your text box. Other than these default visual styles under quick style you can fill the
shape with required colour using shape fill.

Shapes fill:
1. Click the shape that you want to add a fill to.
2. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the shape styles group, click the arrow next to shape
fill, and then do one of the following:
 To add or change a fill color click, the color that you want, or to choose no color, click no fill.

 To change to a color that is not in the theme colours, Click more fill colours, and then either
click the colour that you want on the standard tab, or mix your own colour on the custom tab.

Delete a shape fill:

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 1. Click the shape that you want to delete a fill from.

2. To delete the same fill from multiple shapes, click the first shape, and then press and hold CTRL
while you click the other shapes.

3. Under Drawing Tools, on the format tab, in the shapes styles group, click the arrow next to
shape fill, and then click No fill.

Shape effect:
1. Add or change a shape effect.

2. Click the shape that you want to add an effect to.

3. To add the same effect to multiple shapes, click the first shape and then press and hold CTRL
while you click the other shapes.

4. To add or change a built-in combination of effects, point the mouse pointer on the required
effect, and then click the effect that you want.

5. To add or change a built-in combination of effects, point the mouse pointer on the required
effect, and then click the effect that you want.

Delete a shape fill:

1. Click the shape that you want to delete a fill from.

2. To delete the same fill from multiple shapes, click the first shape, and then press and hold CTRL
while you click the other shapes.

3. Under drawing tools, on the format tab, in the shapes styles group, click the arrow next to shape
fill, and then click no fill.

Shape Effect:
1. Add or change a shape effect
2. Click the shape that you want to
3. To add the same effect to multiple shapes, click the first shape, and then press and hold CTRL
while you click the other shapes,
Delete a shape effect:
1. Click the shape that you want to delete the effect from.

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 2. To delete the same effect from multiple shapes, click the first shape, and then press and hold
CTRL while click the other shapes.

3. Under, and then click on the effect, for example if you have given preset effect to the text box
or shape.

4. Now click on no preset option to delete to delete the effect

Shape outline:
1. Select the textbox or shape on the PowerPoint slide that you want to add an outline to

2. To add the same outline to text boxer or shapes in multiple places, select the first text box or or
shape, and then press and hold CTRL while you select the other text boxer or shapes.

3. Under drawing tools, on the format tab, in the shape styles group, click the arrow next to shape fill,
and then do one of the following:

 To add or change an outline colour, click the colour that you want. To choose

No colour, click no outline.

 To change to a colour that is not in the theme colours, click more outline colons, and then
either click the coir that you want on the standard tab, or mix your own colour on the
custom tab.

Delete shape outline:

1. Select the textbook or the shape on the PowerPoint slide that you want to delete an
outline form.
2. To delete the same outline form multiple shapes/text boxes, click the first text box/shape, and then
press and hold CTRL while you click the other text boxes/shapes.
3. Under Drawing Tools, on the format tab, in the shape styles group, click the arrow next to text
outline, and then click No Outline.
Note the Student:
 Take the output and the required JPEG files from the facilitator to complete this session
work.

 Get clarity from your facilitator, whenever you get stuck while practicing this session.

Have a look at below sample and prepare a presentation with your details with more than 5 slides.
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 Apply text and shape effect to show your slides more decorative.
Note:
1. Create a folder with a name ‘My presentation’ in ‘my computer’-‘D-Drive’.

2. Save the presentation with a name ‘Introducing Myself’.

TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: A Power point Presentation is created by applying the above

mentioned techniques
Viva Questions:
 Explain about power point
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  What is word art?

 Explain about slide transition

 How can you rotate the picture in power point?

 What is the different auto shapes available in power point?

Task2:
Interative presentations-Hyperlinks, Inserting-Images, clip art, audio,video objects, Tables and charts.

AIM:
To maintain a Power Point presentation with some specifications

THEORY:
Hyperlinks:
1.Select the text or object you want to turn into a hyperlink.
2.Go to the "Insert" tab.
3.Click on "Hyperlink."
4.Choose whether to link to a web page, another slide in the presentation, an email address, or a file.
5.Enter the hyperlink address or browse to the file you want to link to.
6.Click "OK" to create the hyperlink.

Inserting a Image:
To insert a picture in to your document:
1. Click the ‘Insert’-button

2. Select a picture option

3. Non select the picture from the insert picture window

4. Click on insert button.

5. Non you can see the picture in your document.

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Inserting Shapes:
To insert shapes in to your document:
1. Click on Insert Tab

2. Non click on “Shapes” Tab

3. Select the any shape from the shapes list

4. Non the shape of the cursor changes to “+”

5. Click on the document where your want to place the shape and drag.

6. Non you can see the shape inserted in to your document.

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Note: Use shape fill, shape effect and shape outline options that we learnt in the previous session.
Insert pictures, sounds, and movies using clipart:
 Using Clipart we can insert picture, sounds and movies in to our word document

To insert clipart:
1. Click on insert tab

2. Now click on “clipart” tab

3. Clipart window appears on the right corner of the Word document

4. Now type the name of the image in the textbox beside “Go” button.

5. For Example, type the text “computer and click “ Go “ button.

6. A list of computer related images will appears in the clip art window.

7. Click on the required image and drag it in to the Word document.

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Inserting videos:
Inserting videos using the clip organizer:
 Select the slide to which you wish to add a video.

 In the insert tab, under the media clip group, Click the arrow on the sound button.

 Choose movie from clip organizer... to bring up the clip art task pane.

 Use the search box to search by keyword and click go to search.

 Click the movie to insert it, or hover your mouse over it first, click on the menu arrow that
appears, choose insert.

 The video appears on your slides.

Inserting movies from a file:

1. Select the slide to which you wish to add a movie.

2. In the insert tab, under the media clips group, click the arrow on the sound button.

3. Choose movie from file... to bring up the insert movie dialog box.

4. Find the video file on your computer using the “Look In” drop-down.

5. Select the file and click ok.

6. The video appears on your slide.

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Inserting sounds:
Inserting sounds using the clip organizer:
1. Select the slide to which you wish to add a sound.

2. In the Insert tab, under the media clips group, click the arrow on the sound button.

3. Choose sound From clip organizer... to bring up the clip Art task pane.

4. Use the search Box to search by keyword and click Go to search.

5. Click the sound to insert it, or hover your mouse over it first, click on the menu arrow that
appears, and choose Insert.

6. A pop-up box will appear asking you how you would like the sound to start in the presentation.

7. Choose to either have it play automatically or to have it play only when clicked.

8. A sound icon sound Icon appears on your slide.

Inserting a Table:

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1. Place the cursor on the document where you want to insert a table.

2. Click on insert Tab

3. Non click on “Table” option under the Insert Tab.

4. Drag the cursor; see that the text Specifies the size of the table

5. Choose the right size and release the button to insert the table

TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: A Power point Presentation is created by applying the above mentioned

techniques
Viva Questions:
 Explain about power point Hyper links?

 What is clip art?

 Explain about slide transition?

 How can you rotate the picture in power point?

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Task 3:
Master Layouts(slide,temple,and notes), Types of views(basic,presentation, slide, slotter, note etc) and
Inserting- background, textures, design templates, hidden slides.

AIM:
To maintain a Power Point presentation with some specifications

THEORY:

Master Layouts:
1.Slide Master: Explain that the Slide Master is a template that defines the overall look and formatting
of your presentation. It affects all slides in the presentation.
•Go to the "View" tab and click on "Slide Master."
•Demonstrate how to customize fonts, colors, backgrounds, and placeholders on the Slide Master.
2.Template Master: Show students how to create a custom template that can be reused for multiple
presentations.
•In Slide Master view, customize the Slide Master as needed.
•Go to the "File" tab, select "Save As," and choose "PowerPoint Template (.potx)" as the file type.
3.Notes Master: Explain that the Notes Master controls the appearance of speaker notes.
•Go to the "View" tab and click on "Notes Master."
•Customize fonts, colors, and placeholders for speaker notes.
Types of Views:
1.Normal View: This is the default view for working on slides. It displays the Slide pane, the Outline
pane, and the Notes pane.
2.Slide Sorter View: Demonstrate how to use this view to rearrange, duplicate, or delete slides easily.
3.Slide Show View: Show students how to preview the presentation as it will appear to the audience.

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4.Notes Page View: Explain how to view and edit speaker notes associated with each slide.
Applying themes:
1. Design themes are a convenient way to add a professional flair to your presentation.

2. Themes include present colour palettes, fonts, back ground, and formatting effects.

3. Power point provides you with the option to customize one of their existing themes or to build
your own.

Selecting the theme:

1. To choose a theme for an open slide, use the theme group under the Design tab.

2. Use the arrows on the right of the Theme group scroll through the themes, or to see all available
themes at once.

When you hold your mouse over any of the examples, power pint will show you a preview of the slide.
Customizing a theme:
1. Colours and fonts To change the colour scheme for your theme, Click Colours and choose either
a built-in palette from the drop down list, or click on “create New theme Colours...”at the bottom
of the list to design your own palette.

2. To change the font set, click on Font and select a set from the list, or click on “create new theme
Fonts...” to create your own.

3. To change the formatting effects (line and fill formatting) for the slide, click on Effects and
choose from the built-in options.
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 4. Background styles to change the background for a theme, click on Background styles in the
background group to choose a preset style, or click on “Formal background... “To customize a
style.

Adding slide transition:

1. Transitions are easy to add to your slide by using power point’s Transition Gallery.

2. Select the slide you wish to add a transition.

3. In the Animations tab under the Transition to This slide group choose an effect from the
transition gallery.

4. Use the arrow to scroll through the options.

5. Power point will show you a preview of the transition when you hover your mouse over a
gallery item.

6. To set the speed of a transition, select a speed from the transition speed pull-down menu.

7. If you wish to add a sound effect to your transition, choose a present sound from the transition
sound pull-down menu or choose “other sound” to use a sound from your computer.

8. Power print also provides an option to loop your chosen sound.

9. If you went to apply your transition settings to all of your slides,

10. Click Apply to All.

11. You also have the option to customize how your slide advances.

12. You can advance slide by clicking the mouse of the “On Mouse Click” option is checked, or
choose to have your slide automatically advance after a certain time.

13. You can even have both options checked so that you can advance the slide early if you need.

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Removing transitions:
1. Select the slide (S) from which you would like to remove the transition.

2. On the animation tab in the transition gallery choose No transition

3. The transition will be removed from the slide(S).

Adding animation to slides:

Power point 07 provides present animations to allow you to easily add animations to any object on your
slide.
1. Click on the object or text box you wish to animate to select it (hold down the Ctrl button while
clicking to select more than one ).

2. In the animation tab under the animations group, select an option from the animate pull-down
list.

3. As you hover your mouse over each choice power point preview the effect on your slide.

4. Repeat for any other slides or objects you wish to animate.

5. Remember that animations will be applied only to the object or the text box selected.

6. If you wish to have the same effect applied across several slides you will have to add them to
each.

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TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: A Power point Presentation is created by applying the above mentioned

techniques
Viva Questions:
 Explain about master layouts?

 Explain about types of views?

 How can you themes in power point?

AI TOOLS-ChatGPT
Task 1:
Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see how the model responds. Try
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asking questions, starting conversations or even providing incomplete sentences to see how the model
complete them.

AIM:
To Use AI tools Chat GPT with some specifications

THEORY:
Certainly! Prompt engineering involves experimenting with various types of prompts to observe how AI
models respond. Here are some prompt examples across different categories:

Question Prompts:
General Knowledge: "What is the capital of France?"
Technical Inquiry: "How does deep learning work?"
Opinion Question: "What is your opinion on renewable energy sources?"
Math Problem: "Calculate the square root of 144."
Scenario-Based: "What would you do if you found a lost puppy on the street?"
Problem-Solving:
Technical Issue: "I'm having trouble with my computer. Can you help me diagnose the problem?"
Math Problem: "Solve for x: 2x + 5 = 15."
Life Advice: "I need advice on managing stress. What strategies would you recommend?"
Ethical Dilemma: "Imagine you witness a coworker stealing office supplies. How would you handle
this situation?"
Imagination and Creativity:
World-Building: "Create a fictional world with its own rules and inhabitants."
Artistic Challenge: "Describe a painting you would create if you were an artist."
Science Fiction Scenario: "In the future, humans have colonized Mars. Describe a typical day on
Mars."
Historical and Educational:
Historical Inquiry: "Tell me about the causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution."
Educational Explanation: "Explain the process of photosynthesis in plants."
Famous Quotes: "Can you provide a famous quote by Albert

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Ex: Prompt: what is the capital of France?

T
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EST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: Use AI tools Chat GPT with above question prompts.
Task2:
Creative writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the beginning of a story or a description
of a scence and let the model generate the rest of the content. This can be a fun way to brainstorm
creative ideas.
AIM:
To Use AI tools Chat GPT with writing assistant.

THEORY:
Creating a writing assistant using AI, like GPT-3, involves several steps and typically requires
programming knowledge and access to the necessary tools and APIs. Here's a high-level overview of
how you can build a writing assistant using GPT-3:
Acquire API access:
You need access to GPT-3 via OpenAI's API. You may need to sign up for an API key and potentially
pay for usage depending on your requirements.
Set up your development environment:
You will need to have a development environment and programming language of your choice. Python
is commonly used for such tasks.
Install necessary libraries:
Install any libraries or SDKs needed to interact with the GPT-3 API. OpenAI provides Python SDKs
and libraries for this purpose.
Authenticate with the API:
Use your API key to authenticate with the GPT-3 API.
Define the input:
Provide a prompt or text as input to the AI model. This prompt should describe the task or question you
want the writing assistant to address.
Make an API call:
Use your chosen programming language to send a request to the GPT-3 API with the input you defined.
Process the response:
Receive and process the response generated by the AI model. This response will contain the text

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generated by the model as it completes the task or answers the question.
Customize and fine-tune:
You can experiment with different prompts and parameters to tailor the model's responses to your
specific needs. GPT-3 allows for customizing the "temperature" and "max tokens" to control the
randomness and length of the responses.
Integrate with your application:

Integrate the AI model into your application, website, or service to offer writing assistance to users.
Test and iterate:
Continuously test and iterate your implementation to improve the quality and relevance of the AI-
generated content.
Handle user interactions:
Implement user interfaces and interactions to make the writing assistant user-friendly. This may involve
handling user input and displaying AI-generated content.
Monitor and maintain:
Keep an eye on the performance and behavior of your writing assistant. Update it as needed, and ensure
that it follows ethical guidelines and legal requirements.

It's important to understand that GPT-3, like other AI models, has limitations and ethical considerations.
You should carefully review and moderate the content generated by the AI to ensure it aligns with your
intended use case and complies with guidelines and policies.

Ex: Prompt: Write a story about how society adopted to this new reality?

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TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: Use AI tools Chat GPT with writing assistant model.

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Task3:
Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a sentence in one language and
asking the model to translate it into another language. Computer the output to see how accurate and
fluent the translations are.
AIM:
To Use AI tools Chat GPT with language translation.

THEORY:
Certainly! I'll provide a sentence in English and ask the model to translate it into Spanish. Let's see how
accurate and fluent the translation is.
English: "The weather today is beautiful, and the sun is shining."
Spanish Translation: "El clima hoy es hermoso y el sol está brillando."

Please note that while the translation provided by the model is generally accurate and fluent, translation
quality can vary depending on the complexity of the sentence and the specific nuances of the languages
involved. It's always a good practice to double-check translations for important or sensitive content,
especially in professional or formal contexts.
Ex: Prompt: “Translate the following English sentence to French:’Hello, how are you doing today?”

TEST DATA: No Test data for this Experiment

ERROR: No Errors for this Experiment

RESULT: Use AI tools Chat GPT with language translation.

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