Code explanation for “ChatbotApp”

Importing Required Packages

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

 This imports the Flutter framework, which contains essential classes for building apps using the
Flutter SDK.

Entry Point of the Application

void main() {
runApp(ChatBotApp());
}

 main() is the entry point of the application. It calls the runApp() function with ChatBotApp as the
root widget to start the app.

Root Widget: ChatBotApp

class ChatBotApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
title: 'Basic Chatbot',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: ChatScreen(),
);
}
}

 ChatBotApp:
o A StatelessWidget that serves as the root widget of the app.
o MaterialApp:
 Wraps the app with Material Design widgets.
 debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false removes the debug banner in the top-right
corner.
 title sets the app title.
 theme defines the app's visual theme, using a blue primary color.
 home points to ChatScreen, the main screen of the app.

Main Screen: ChatScreen

class ChatScreen extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_ChatScreenState createState() => _ChatScreenState();
}

 ChatScreen:
 o A StatefulWidget to manage dynamic chat messages.
o Calls _ChatScreenState to maintain state.

State for ChatScreen

class _ChatScreenState extends State<ChatScreen> {
final TextEditingController _controller = TextEditingController();
final List<Map<String, String>> _messages = [];

 _ChatScreenState:
o Contains logic and UI for the chat interface.
o _controller:
 A TextEditingController to handle user input from the text field.
o _messages:
 A list of message objects (maps) with keys "sender" and "text".

Sending a Message
void _sendMessage() {
if (_controller.text.trim().isEmpty) return;

setState(() {
_messages.add({"sender": "user", "text": _controller.text.trim()});
_messages.add({"sender": "bot", "text":
_generateResponse(_controller.text.trim())});
});

_controller.clear();
}

 _sendMessage():
o Triggers when the send button is pressed.
o Checks for empty input:
 If the input is empty, the function exits early.
o Updates _messages:
 Adds the user's message.
 Adds a bot-generated response by calling _generateResponse().
o Clears the input field:
 Resets _controller for the next message.

Generating Responses
String _generateResponse(String userMessage) {
if (userMessage.toLowerCase().contains("hello")) {
return "Hello! How can I help you today?";
} else if (userMessage.toLowerCase().contains("how are you")) {
return "I'm just a bot, but I'm doing great!";
} else {
return "I'm sorry, I didn't understand that.";
}
}
  _generateResponse():
o Takes the user's message as input and returns a simple hardcoded response based on
keywords.

Building the UI
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Basic Chatbot'),
),
body: Column(
children: [
Expanded(
child: ListView.builder(
itemCount: _messages.length,
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
final message = _messages[index];
final isUserMessage = message["sender"] == "user";

return Align(
alignment: isUserMessage ? Alignment.centerRight :
Alignment.centerLeft,
child: Container(
margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 5, horizontal: 10),
padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 10, horizontal: 15),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: isUserMessage ? Colors.blue[100] : Colors.grey[300],
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(10),
),
child: Text(
message["text"]!,
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 16),
),
),
);
},
),
),
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
child: Row(
children: [
Expanded(
child: TextField(
controller: _controller,
decoration: InputDecoration(
hintText: 'Type a message...',
border: OutlineInputBorder(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(20),
),
),
),
),
SizedBox(width: 10),
IconButton(
icon: Icon(Icons.send, color: Colors.blue),
onPressed: _sendMessage,
),
],
),
),
 ],
),
);
}
}

 UI Structure:
o Scaffold:
 Provides the basic layout for the app.
 AppBar: Displays the app title.
 Column:
 Contains the chat messages and input field.
o Chat Messages:
 ListView.builder:
 Dynamically generates message widgets from _messages.
 Message Style:
 Aligns messages based on the sender (user or bot).
 User messages have a blue background, bot messages are grey.
o Input Field:
 TextField:
 Captures user input.
 IconButton:
 Sends the message when clicked.