A simply supported RC beam (450x750) mm is reinforced with 3No.s of 40 mm dia.

bars with a
clear cover of 40mm and is subjected to a maximum BM of 490kN-m. Assuming Ms concrete
and Fe 415 steel, calculate the possible crack width at the following points;
1. At a point on the side of the beam 250mm below the NA
2. At a point midway between the bars at the tension face.
3. At the corner of the tension face
4. At the tension face directly under the bar.
Data:

b=450mm D= 75Omm d' = 60 mm, d= 690 mm, M= 490kN - m. fck 25 N/mm´and

f=415 N/mm².
Elastic Properties;
A =3770mm', and p, = 1.21%
E = 5000/fck =25000N /mm². (Cl; 6.2.3. I)
E, = 200kN/mm? (CI.; 5.6.3)

m = =8
E
fer = 0.7yfek = 3.5 N/mm? (C.; 6.2.2)

Depth of the Neutral axis;

Displaced area of concrete by steel=mAst

Taking moment of areas about the top fibre;

Ax = (450 xx) x+ (mAst)d

A= (450 x x) + (mA,t)
Substituting and solving for x;
x= 244.41 mm from the top fibre NA.
D
(Alternatively Using SP-16)
d' 60
= 0.086 0.1
d 690 mAst
P,m = 1.21 x 8 = 9.68
P(m - 1) = 0
From table 92
-= 0.353. thus x = 244mm
d
Cracked Moment of Inertia (I,);
bx3 450 x 244.413
I, = 3
+ mAç(d-x)² =
3
+8x 3770 (690 - 244.41)² = 815.64 x 107
I, = 815.64 x 10 mmt
(Alternatively Using SP-16)
d' 60
d 690
0.086 0.1

Percentage of steel in Tension; p, = bd x 100 = 1.21%

Percentage of steel in Compression; p. = 0
P;m = 1.21 × 8 =9.68
p.(m-1)=0
P(m- 1)
= 0
P:m
From Table 87, for p;m = 9.71; bda =0.662
Therefore,I, = 0.66 x1.232x 1010 = 815.52 x 10mm*
Crack Width (Wer);
Design Surface Crack width is given by the following expression; (Annex F, Cl.: 35.3.2&43. 1)
3 acr Em
Wer =
1+(aCni
(h- x)
Where,
longitudinal bar.
ar = Distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest
Cmin = Minimum cover to the Longitudinal Bar
h= D = Overall depth of the section
x= Depth of the Neutral Axis, and
Em Average steel strain at the level considered.
b (hx) (a-x)
3E, A, (d- x)
Where,
A,= A, = Area of Tensile Reinforcement.
b= Width of the section at the centroid of the tension reinforcement.
E, = Strain @ the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening of concrete in tension zone.
a =Distance from compression face to the point @ which the crack width is being calculated.
d= Effective depth
Caleulation of Crack width; (Annex-)
1. At a point on the side of the beam 250mm
below the NA
E = strain in concrete @ the extreme tension
fibre

fe M yt 490 × 106 x 250

Eçl, 25000 x 815 x 107

E = 6.01 x 10-4 -NA-...

g'=
b(h- x) (a x) 250
3 E, A, (d- x)
b= 450mm, h= D=750mm, x =244mm 196
a=x+250 = 494mm, A, = 3770mm?
k6o
450 (750 - 244) (494 - 244)
[=
3x 200 × 103 X 3770 X (690 - 244)
y = 250mm (given)

g' = 5.64 X 10-5 a=x+ 250 = 244 +250 = 494 mm

Em = E1-8' =5.45 × 10-4 Cmin. = 40mm (clear cover)

40
Crack Width Weri acr = V1962 + 602 = 184.98mm
2
3 acr Em
Wer
2 x(açr -Gmin2
1+*a (h-x)
3 x 184.98 x 5.45 x 10-4
Wer = x(184.98 40)
1+
(750- 244)
Wer 0.192 mm
 2. At a point midway between the bars at the tension face;
E, = strain in concrete (@ the extreme tension
fibre

Myt 490 × 106 x 506

El 25000 x 815 x 107

E, = 1.216 × 10-3 --NA

d

['=
b(h- x) (a x)
3 E, A, (d- x) -

b= 450mm, h=D= 750mm, x= 244mm

a= 750mm, A, =3770mm?
460 165 165 |604
8'=
450 (750- 244) (750- 244)
3× 200 × 103 x 3770 × (690 - 244)
S =165mm (spacing between bars)
[' = 1.142 × 10-4
y, = D -x=750- 244 = 506mm
Em = E1-8'=1.102 x 10-3
a= D =750 nmm
Crack Width Weri
Cmin. = 40mm (clear cover)
3 acr Em
Wer
1+|Cmin)]
(h-x) 40
+ 602 =82.01mm
2
3 x 82.01 × 1.102 × 10-3
Wer = [2 x (82.01 - 40)]
1+
(750 -244)
Wor = 0.232 mm
 3. The corner of the tension face;

E = strain in concrete (@ the extreme tension

fibre

f_My: 490 x 10 x 506

Ec Ecl, 25000 >x 815 x 107
E = 1.216 x 10-3 -N4:

b (h- x) (a- x)
3E, A, (d - x)
b= 450mm, h = D = 750mm, x= 244mm
a=750mm, A, = 3770mm?
60 165 165 601
450 (750- 244) (750- 244)
3× 200 × 103 x 3770 x (690- 244)
S= 165mm (spacing between bars)
['= 1.142 x 10-4
Y, = D-x=750 - 244 = 506mm
Em = E -['= 1.102 x10-3 a= D=750 mm
Crack Width Weri
Cmin. 40mm (clear cover)
40
3 acr Em açr = /(60)2 +(60)2 2
= 64.85mm
Wer
1+ 2x(a-Cmin2
1-x)
3X 64.85 x 1.102 × 10-3
Wer = .x (64.85 40)]
1+
(750- 244)
Wr = 0.195 mm
 4. At the tension face directly under the
bar;
[, = strain in concrete @ the extreme
tension
fibre

fo My 490 × 10 x 506
Eçl, 25000 x 815 x 107

Ej = 1.216 x 10-3 -..-.NA

d
b (h-x) (a- x)
['=
3 E, A, (d - x)
b= 450mm, h =D =750mm,x= 244mm

a =750mm, A, = 3770mm²
460 165 165 604
450 (750 - 244) (750 - 244)
['=
3x 200 x 103 × 3770 × (690 - 244)
s = 165mm (spacing between bars)
&'= 1.142 x 10-4
y = D-x=750 - 244=506mm
Em = E1-8'= 1.102 x10-3 a= D =750 mm
Crack Width Weri
Cmin. = 40mm (clear cover)
3acr Em
Wer = açr = 40 mm
1+2a)
3 x 40 X 1.102 x 10-3
Wer = 40-40)7
+
- 244)
Wer = 0.132 nm
An Analysis about the crack widths;

b= 450mm

X= 244

D 750
d= 690

0.192

a=60
0.132 0.232 0.195

4604 165 165 j604