Senior High School

NOT

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 10, Week 10
Opportunities, Challenges, and Power
of Media and Information
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN
REGION X
DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Learning Area: Media and Information Literacy Grade level: 12

Learner’s Name: __________________ Teacher: Carmille Q. Delapus
Quarter 4: March 2025 – April 2025

Day
Learning Mode of
and Learning Competency Learning Tasks
Area Delivery
Time
➢ researches and cites recent MODULE 10: Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of Media and Information
WEEK 10 – 14

examples of the power of ✓ What I Know – Pretest, page iii ✓ Assessment – page 12
media and information to ✓ What I Have Learned – page 9-10
affect change.
➢ evaluates current trends in MODULE 11: Massive Open Online Courses
media and information and ✓ What I Know – Pretest, page iii-iv ✓ Posttest – page 6-7
how it will affect/how they ✓ What’s New – Activity 1, page 1
affect individuals and the
society as a whole. MODULE 12.1: Media and Its Various Ways of Delivery
Media and Modular
➢ synthesizes the overall Lesson 1: Text Information and Media Lesson 3: Audio Information and Media
Information Distant
Literacy
knowledge about media and ✓ What I know – Pretest, page iii ✓ What’s More – Activity 4, page 20 Learning
information with skills for Lesson 2: Visual Information and Media ✓ What I Have Learned – Activity 5, page
producing a prototype of ✓ What’s New – Activity 2, page 9 20
whatthe learners think is a
✓ What’s More – Activity 4, page 12
future media innovation.
➢ describes the different MODULE 12.2: Media and Its Various Ways of Delivery
dimensions of people media. Lesson 4: Motion Information and Media Lesson 6: Multimedia Information and
➢ describes the different
✓ What I Know – Pretest, page iii Media
dimensions of motion
information and media. Lesson 5: Interactive Media ✓ What’s More – Activity 4, page 23-24
✓ What’s More – Activity 2, page 14 ✓ Assessment – Posttest, page 26

_______________________________________________________________________________
Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telephone: (08822) – 8550048
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN
REGION X
DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY
➢ describes the different MODULE 13: Assessing the Production, Organization, and Dissemination of
dimensions of manipulative Different Dimensions
information and media. ✓ What I Know, Pre-test, page iii ✓ Assessment: (Posttest), page 7 (vii)
➢ describes the different ✓ What I Know, page 1
dimension of multimedia
information and media. MODULE 14: Media Production and Evaluation
✓ What I Need to Know, Pre-test, page iii
✓ What Is It – C. Audio-based Presentation, page 7
✓ Assessment: (Posttest), page 25

Prepared by: Verified by: Approved by:

CARMILLE Q. DELAPUS EUGENE O. MAGHUYOP, III DINAH ZORAIDA B. ZAMORA

SST-I Assistant to the Principal Secondary School Principal I

_______________________________________________________________________________
Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telephone: (08822) – 8550048
 What I Know

Pretest
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement is
false.

___________ 1. Privacy is the most notorious economic threat.

___________ 2. Through advertisement, the media earns less profit.

___________ 3. Media and information have made learning easier and more
complicated.

___________ 4. Both the media and politics interchangeably affect each other.

___________ 5. Ratings are determining factors of revenue in Media.

___________ 6. The society is heavily influenced by media and information.

___________ 7. Media and information have made a radical impact on education.

___________ 8. Advertisers do not consider ratings in investing on programs.

___________ 9. The release of public documents benefits the media in their access
to information.

___________ 10. Accountability in media is enforced by the government.

iii
 Lesson Opportunities, Challenges,
and Power of Media and
10 Information
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 10

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. cite an example of an issue showing the power of media and information to

affect change (MIL11/12IMILIIIa-10).

What I Know

Directions: Word Search. The following are concepts (words) that you will
come across as you go further on this lesson. Search these words
below:

1
 What’s In

In the previous module, we learned how to combat digital divide, addiction, and
bullying. In this lesson, we will learn on the opportunities, challenges, and power of
media and information.

What’s New

Activity 1. Briefly share your personal thoughts on the following topics. Your
output will be rated based on the rubrics below.

1. Positive contribution of media and information on education.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

2. Negative effects of media and information on education.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

3. Benefits to a learner, like you, in using media and information in the learning
process.
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

Rubrics on Essay Writing

Source: www.pelmo-intl.com (pelmo-intl.com)

2
Activity 2: Picture Analysis. Study the picture below and answer the following
questions. Your task will be rated based on the previous rubrics
presented.

1. How important is the role of

media in maintaining truth and
transparency for the general
public?

2. How does political pressure

influence media in upholding
truth?

3. What could happen when

media is under political
pressure?
Source: truth and media By awantha | Media & Culture
Cartoon | TOONPOOL

What Is It

Economics of Media: Ratings and Revenues

The economics of media can be explained in the simple equation Ratings=

Revenues. As a commercial industry, the media earns profit through advertisement.
Advertisers pay for air-time or ad-space in media platforms to reach or to promote their
goods or services to the media’s audience. Advertisers are more likely to invest if there
is a high volume of consumers patronizing the media programs or content or if their
target market is among those consumers.

Ratings

-are colloquial terms for audience measurement that influences timing,

placements, and markets for media content and advertising(Balnaves, O’Regan, &
Goldsmith, 2011). As such ratings determine the number of people watching, listening
to or reading a particular content.

Revenues

-are incomes generated from the sale of goods or services, or any other use of
capital or assets, associated with the main operations of an organization before any
costs or expenses are deducted.

3
The Opportunity

The Philippine media is a great asset in the country’s economy. In fact, the
Philippines Star reported that in the year 2010 alone, the creative or copyright-based
industries contributed P661.23 billion to the Philippines economy.

The Challenges

Despite thriving as an industry, the media remains vulnerable to economic

threats. The most notorious among them is privacy. Privacy is defined as the
unauthorized use of another’s production, invention, or conception especially in
infringement of copyright by the Merriam Webster’s Dictionary.

The existence of cheap or even free digital technologies like torrent

downloading makes piracy even more attractive to consumers.

Media and Information for Education

Media and information have made a radical impact in education. Learning has
never been easier and at the same time more complicated than it is today in the age
of media and information.

The Opportunity

Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines education as the knowledge, skill, and

understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university. Today,
education has taken whole new meaning with media and information.

Online education is now a fast-becoming trend in society. Schools and

universities are adopting this practice as part of their offered services. Everyone with
access to the internet need not physically attend a class to get an education. This
setup is popular among those who wish to further their education but do not have the
time or energy to deal with regular school. With media and information, one can earn
a degree from the comfort of their homes.

Education traditionally requires a student to prove that learning took place. To

do so, one must be able to pass exam to test his knowledge on a certain subject and
produce outputs that will confirm if he can apply that knowledge. Media information
makes this process a little less rigorous through content contribution. By allowing
people to share their knowledge online for others to see, the network of experts can
check and balance each other’s understanding of subjects, therefore refining learning
through interaction.

The convenience, abundance, and interconnection, aspects of media and

information for education are opportunities worth taking advantage of.

The Challenge

In education, the opportunities brought about by media and information is also

to be blamed for its many challenges. Not only does this promote laziness, constant
access also puts a lot of pressure on servers, requiring constant upgrades and regular
maintenance around cyberspace.
4
 The overwhelming amount of content to but found online requires the tedious
process of sorting through unnecessary or unrelated content to one’s research. As
challenging as it may be, it is necessary. Allowing anyone with access to the internet
to contribute to the network of information raises credibility and authenticity issues.

Media and Information for Social

Science

The society is heavily influenced

by media and information. It is no surprise
then that media and information have
been linked to social changes. Oxford
bibliographies referred to the social
change as a significant alteration of
social structure.

The Opportunity

Among the first to realize the possible positive applications of the media and
society’s co-dependent relationships were Daniel Lerner and Wilbur Schramm. In their
perspective works, The Passing of Traditional Society (1958) and Mass Media and
National Development (1964) served as the founding texts of development
communication according to University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). Development
communication uses communication to aid in the development of society. One
practical application of this is community-based media programs. Through information
dissemination, promotion of development advocacies, and providing a medium for
social interaction among communities, these types of programs pave the way for a
positive social change.

The Challenge

Media and information have the power to sway society’s beliefs and perception.
People have the tendency to receive data from the media and accept it as fact right
away without conducting due diligence.

Effect of Media in Politics

Politics regulates the media industry. They enforce the rules and regulations
governing the media industry as prescribed in a country’s current political system. It is
for this reason that the nature of media varies from country to country.

The Opportunity

The interrelationship between media and politics provides a fair foundation in

nth function of media as a source of information. Provisions in the law like the Freedom
of Information Bill which mandates the release of public documents to those who
require it benefits the media in their access to information and the government in its
war against corruption (The Official Gazette).

5
The Challenge

As a developing country, the government concentrates on solving problems like

poverty, unemployment, lack of proper healthcare, and access to education.

The shortage of government funding, not to mention the lack of projects and
programs, that helps cultivate creativity – which is the core of media – prevents the
media industry to reach its potential for success. Even the weak enforcement of certain
laws to protect the media exposes them to threats that could damage repercussions
in the industry.

What’s More

What makes a story powerful enough to make a difference? For starters, it all
begins with one thing: MISSION.

Read the article below.

The Power of Storytelling: How Your Social Media Post

Can Have Impact

by Sofia Virtudes
Published 10:55AM, November 17, 2019
Updated 4:47PM, November 17, 2019

MANILA, Philippines – In the era of social media where information spreads swiftly
and exponentially, it takes only one driven story to make all the difference.

During the Social Media Week Manila 2019 held on Tuesday, November 12, Rappler
Head of Partnerships and Communities Jenny Chua talked about how we can create ripples
of impact through social media.
This especially matters when you’re in the Philippines, the social media capital of the world.

According to a 2019 report, the Philippines, for the 4th straight year, topped worldwide
social media use. Of our internet population, 99% are on at least one social media platform.
And of the 76 million social media users, 75 million are on Facebook. Almost the entire Filipino
online population is essentially within your reach through social media.

“You have the power to create stories that matter,” said Chua. “Every person has the
power now to affect emotions on social media.”

In social media, users not only consume content but create content themselves.
Everyone creates and shares their story, but not all of them bear relevance to create impact.

So what makes a story powerful enough to make a difference? Chua explained the
power of storytelling on social media in 3 ways, and they all start with one thing: mission.

6
6
Stories that inspire and spark hope

Remember this photo of a boy studying on the pavement of a fast-food chain parking lot?

In 2015, the heart-wrenching story of Daniel Cabrera, then 9 years old, made rounds
on social media, and even received attention from the international community, with
individuals and organizations alike stepping in to offer help. But more than the outpour of
donations, Cabrera’s story also sparked conversation on the persisting problem of poverty and
on the education system in the country.

Cabrera, 4 years later, would graduate from elementary school at 13 years old, and is
now in Grade 7 – his education secured by a charity, and his family's monthly rent paid by a
volunteer.

All that from a Facebook post that went viral.

During her talk, Chua said that social media users should use to their advantage the
strength of platforms, in terms of reach and immediacy, to tell stories such as Cabrera’s – one
that builds dreams and inspires hope.

Amid challenges and despair, to hope, after all, is human.

Stories that empower

Social media has significantly changed the landscape of public discourse. For one, it
has provided a space where people have become more vocal about their personal
experiences and opinion on various topics.

Consequently, social media, Chua said, has become a platform to challenge norms
and tackle social issues, most of which people used to hardly talk about in the open.

7
 For instance, the #MeToo movement, now a global campaign, encourages women to
come forward and share their stories of sexual violence, giving light on the magnitude of an
issue that has long been trampled with impunity. It encourages women to speak up, and to
amplify the call against rampant sexual violence on the streets, in school, in the workplace,
and even at home.

Recently, Rappler has also launched its #ManyWaysToZeroWaste movement, which

encourages Filipinos to share stories and efforts – however small – of adopting a zero-waste
lifestyle. The movement aims to reduce plastic use in the Philippines, which is reported to be
the third largest contributor of plastic pollution in the world. (READ: How going zero waste is
addressing PH's plastic pollution)

These stories, Chua said, “encourage Filipinos to be better.”

Stories that shape the truth

Needless to say, being the social media capital of the world also comes at a great cost.
While the platform has opened up a space for people to build communities and promote their
advocacies, it’s also easily become a hostile environment – anyone who disagrees becomes
a potential target for troll attacks, lies spread even faster than truth, and propaganda
campaigns have manipulated public opinion and have vastly polarized the Filipino online
community – suddenly, people don’t agree anymore with the facts.

Some may have made use of social media for social good, but others have weaponized
the platform for malicious gain. Widespread disinformation now poses a serious threat to our
democracy – or what is left thereof.

In these challenging times, Chua said that users must be critical of every information
they come across on social media. But more importantly, users should have the courage to
stand for truth.

“The trolling and the bots paralyze us. Nakakatakot, baka ma-bully ka. (It’s frightening,
you might get bullied.) But you have to be courageous because we know we are responsible
and we can do something about it,” said Chua.

'Courage is contagious'

With these threats of intimidation and attacks, sharing your story would, more often
than not, mean putting your privacy, safety, and even sanity on the line.

It is nonetheless a risk worth taking; it was only with courage and by mission that these
stories succeeded in making a difference and creating impact – be it to inspire, empower a
community, stand with the vulnerable, or stand for truth.

“This is a long game. There’s no immediate solution to where we are today,” Chua
explained. “But every good and truthful story counts.” – Rappler.com

___________________________________________

Source: https://www.rappler.com/technology/social-
media/245104-power-storytelling-social-media-post-impact)
8
Activity 3: Getting inspiration from the article above, your task is to start
making a positive impact to the social media of your own chosen
platform by posting an inspiring article. Show your
resourcefulness and creativity in making your article by using any
available devices you have to make your article more interesting to
your chosen target. Be guided on the rubrics below on how your
work will be graded. Provide your teacher the link of your posted
article.

Rubrics on Essay Writing

Source: www.pelmo-intl.com (pelmo-intl.com)

What I Have Learned

1. Based on the written article, what media is important or instrumental in the course of
event?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Why do you think that posting in a social media made a powerful impact or change
an individual?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

9
 3. Was the outcome of posting in a social media resulted to a positive or a negative
change? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I can Do

CREATING INFOGRAPHICS

Directions: In a one-eighth illustration board, make an infographic. You may

use pictures (a cut-out from a magazine) or a drawing which shows
opportunities and challenges in media and information. See the
sample of infographic below. Your output is rated based on the
rubrics below.

Rubrics on Infographic Making

10
Summary
The economy is multi-faceted and its effects are all-encompassing. It is the
responsibility of the media to help audience understand its nature. Due to problems of
immediacy and competition, this responsibility is often overlooked. Most of us rely on
media to inform us about nationwide economic concerns. As students, you might not
realize how important this information is in your daily lives. Other investors, however,
market players, economists – plays a crucial role in the evaluation and decision-
making that may eventually lead to big changes that would influence other sectors of
society.

Media serve as sources of information for the public. They are often met with
responsibility of educating the public. Media also provide information which would help
people make intelligent decisions on just about anything that is of importance.
Furthermore, media must encourage their audience to become more critical in
consuming, using and creating information.

Media are tasked to inform the public about issues of governance. Through
media, people should be able to voice out their opinions and concerns about
government. As gleaned, media influence the way politicians govern and how the
public views the government. More importantly, viewers and readers should be equally
discerning.

11
Assessment: (Posttest)
I. Identify the following statement by writing O, if it is an opportunity and C,
if it is a challenge in media and information.

_______ 1. A community-based media programs

_______ 2. Freedom of expression
_______ 3. Unreliable sources
_______ 4. Fake news
_______ 5. Faster and free communication
_______ 6. Infringement of human rights
_______ 7. Business Processes
_______ 8. Identity Theft
_______ 9. Commercial fraud
_______ 10. Employment (Job Hiring)

II. Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE if the statement is false.

___________ 1. Privacy is the most notorious economic threat.

___________ 2. Through advertisement, the media earns less profit.
___________ 3. Media and information has taken learning easier and more
complicated.
___________ 4. Both the media and politics interchangeably affect each other.
___________ 5. Ratings are determining factors of revenue in Media.
___________ 6. The society is heavily influenced by media and information.
___________ 7. Media and information have made a radical impact on education.
___________ 8. Advertisers do not consider ratings in investing on programs.
___________ 9. The release of public documents benefits the media in their access
to information.
___________ 10. Accountability in media is enforced by the government

12
 Senior High School

NOT

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 11, Week 11
Massive Open Online Courses
 What I Know

Pretest

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices:

1. In Article XIV, section 1 in our Philippine Constitution, what right of a Filipino

citizen is mentioned?
A. Right to vote C. Right to quality education
B Right to freedom of Speech D. Right to equality

2. What is MOOC?
A. Multimedia Open Online Course C. Massive Open Online Course
C. Multimedia Open Offline Course D. Massive Open Offline Course

3. What idea did the MOOC derive from?

A. Continuous Education Project
B. Connectivism & Connective Knowledge
C. Constructive Approach
D. Connection and Collaboration

4. Which of the following describes MOOC?

A. an open online study and can be participated by massive number of students.
B. an open online study and can be participated by limited number of students.
C. an open offline study and can be participated by massive number of students.
D. an open offline study and can be participated by limited number of students.

5. What year was named as the year of MOOCs?

A. 2008 C. 2012
B. 2010 D. 2014

6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Connectivist MOOC (cMOOC)?

A. Created by universities & schools
B. Comparatively more learner action
C. Created by individuals, academics
D. Promotes diversity & collaboration

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Content-based MOOC

(xMOOC)?
A. Encourages a huge diversity of applicants
B. Formal learning environment
C. Emphasizes coordinated assessments and quizzes
D. Emphasizes connected and collaborative learning

iii
8. Which of the following does not define the term OPEN in MOOC?
A. Access to anyone C. Free of Charge
B. Open to all grade level D. Open nature of Knowledge

9. Which of the following defines the term COURSE in MOOC?

A. It is bounded by a start and end date.
B. It is separated by a common theme.
C. It is a progression of unordered events.
D. It is limited only to a number of subjects.

10. In the Philippines, what University pioneered the MOOC?

A. University of Santo Tomas C. Ateneo University
B. University of the Philippines D. University of the East

iv
 Lesson
Massive Open Online
11 Course
Grade 12, Q4- Module 11- Week 11

What I Need to Know

“The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education
at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to
all.”
- 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Section 1

Technologies have been advancing to the level where people can reach various
things easily, especially in education. Since the start of the 21st century, educators
continuously search for alternatives to break the traditional way of teaching and
learning in this digital world. Of course, accessibility and quality are prime importance
to these alternatives. One and probably the trendiest globally among these
alternatives is the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC).

What’s New

Before we will delve into the world of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC),
let us first activate our mind through this activity.

Activity 1: COMPLETE ME! Complete the statement by arranging the

scrambled letters on the right to form the correct word.

1. Education must be _________________ to all. AESSCCBLEI

2. Schools must provide _______ _________ education. IGHH LQIUAYT
3. Education must not be _______________. EEPSXIEVN
4. Schools must promote ___________ learning. FILEGONL
5. Knowledge must be shared __________. YLEEFR

Questions to Ponder:
1. How do you find the activity?
_________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think is the connection of the activity to our new lesson?
_________________________________________________________________
1
 What Is It

Canadian Educators, Stephen Downes and George Siemens, developed an

online course which offered freely available online educational services called
Connectivism and Connective Knowledge in 2008. With this initiative, Massive Open
Online Course (MMOC) was created.

To understand the phenomenon of MOOC, let us define first the words massive,
open, online and course.

MASSIVE refers to the scale of the course and alludes to the large number of
learners who participate in some MOOCs.

OPEN has multiple meanings in relation to MOOCs. It may refer to access;

anyone, no matter his or her background, prior experience or current context
may enrol in a MOOC. Open can also refer to cost; that is, a MOOC is
available free of charge. A third meaning of open relates to the open nature of
knowledge acquisition in a MOOC, including the employment of Open
educational resources (OER) or Open Course Ware (OCW) which is available
under a Creative Commons licence.

ONLINE means that the courses are offered online, with the access of
internet.

COURSE, three criteria must be met for a MOOC to be regarded as a ‘course’:

(1) it is bounded by a start and end date; (2) it is cohered by a common theme
or discourse; and (3) it is a progression of ordered events

What is MOOC?

Massive Open Online Course is an open access and an interactive way to

facilitate students’ online study. It can provide participants with course materials such
as videos, lectures and study materials. It is primarily an “online course” delivered
over the Internet to potentially an unlimited number of students at a time.

In 2013, University of the Philippines-Open University (UPOU) offered the first

MOOC in the country. This was done after the New York Times named 2012 as “The
Year of MOOCs”. This made more accessible to Filipinos anywhere in the country,
even anyone outside the country, to quality and free education.

2
 Below are the two (2) Kinds of MOOC:

1. The Connectivist MOOC (cMOOC)

2. The Content-based MOOC (xMOOC)

cMOOC xMOOC
Informal learning environment Formal learning environment
Focus is on knowledge creation and Focus is on knowledge duplication
generation
Created by individuals, academics Created by universities and schools
Emphasizes connected and Emphasizes coordinated assessments
collaborative learning and quizzes
Comparatively more learner action Comparatively less learner action
Promotes diversity and collaboration Encourages a huge diversity of
applicants

Can you earn a degree by taking an MOOC?

Currently, the answer is no. MOOCs is designed primarily to align the courses
to a college or university. Though not all MOOCs offer academic credit, with easier
access to these educational tools, knowledge is surely be shared freely.

What’s More

Activity 2. FILL THE CIRCLES!

With the knowledge you gained about the Massive Open Online Course, write
the key features you’ve learned inside the circles connecting MOOC. You can add
more circles if you need to.

MASSIVE OPEN
ONLINE COURSE

3
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3. ESSAY IT!

Let us recall Article XIV, Section 1: “The State shall protect and promote the
right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to
make such education accessible to all.”

With the promising potential of Massive Open Online Course in our country,
write an essay about how MOOC can fulfil the promise embodied in our constitution.
You will be rated based on the rubrics below.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Rubrics on Essay Writing

Indicators 4 3 2 1
Content Essay explains Fundamental Fundamental Essay has no
clearly the Idea is idea is unclear Fundamental
fundamental explained but idea
idea lacks
supporting
ideas
Organization Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are
logically organized but organized at unorganized
organized and lacks precision first but lost
well-structured along the way
Grammar, Essay has no Essay has 1-3 Essay has 4-5 Essay has more
sentence error errors errors than 5 errors
Structure,
spelling
Length Essay has more Essay has 101- Essay has 51- Essay has only
than 200 words 200 words 100 words 50 words &
below

4
 What I Can Do

Activity 4. EDUCATION IN THE TIME OF PANDEMIC.

Read and analyze the statements below. Be able to describe the role of
Massive Open Online Course to education in this time of COVID-19 pandemic. Your
output will be rated based on the rubrics below.

Statements Role of Massive Open Online

Course

“No face to face classes until COVID 19

vaccine is available.”

- President of the Philippines, Rodrigo R.

Duterte

“Education must continue.”

- DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones

“Accessible and quality distance education

will be delivered this coming school year.”

- Department of Education

Rubrics on Essay
Indicators 4 3 2 1
Content Answer is Answer is Fundamental Answer has no
explained clearly explained but idea is unclear Fundamental
the fundamental lacks idea
idea supporting
ideas
Organization Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are
logically organized but organized at unorganized
organized and lacks precision first but lost
well-structured along the way
Grammar, Essay has no Essay has 1-3 Essay has 4-5 Essay has more
sentence error errors errors than 5 errors
Structure,
spelling

5
 POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices:

1. In Article XIV, section 1 in our Philippine Constitution, what right of a Filipino

citizen is mentioned?
A. Right to vote C. Right to quality education
B Right to freedom of Speech D. Right to equality

2. What is MOOC?
A. Multimedia Open Online Course C. Massive Open Online Course
C. Multimedia Open Offline Course D. Massive Open Offline Course

3. What idea did the MOOC derive from?

A. Continuous Education Project
B. Connectivism & Connective Knowledge
C. Constructive Approach
D. Connection and Collaboration

4. Which of the following describes MOOC?

A. an open online study and can be participated by massive number of students.
B. an open online study and can be participated by limited number of students.
C. an open offline study and can be participated by massive number of students.
D. an open offline study and can be participated by limited number of students.

5. What year was named as the year of MOOCs?

A. 2008 C. 2012
B. 2010 D. 2014

6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Connectivist MOOC (cMOOC)?

A. Created by universities & schools
B. Comparatively more learner action
C. Created by individuals, academics
D. Promotes diversity & collaboration

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Content-based MOOC

(xMOOC)?
A. Encourages a huge diversity of applicants
B. Formal learning environment
C. Emphasizes coordinated assessments and quizzes
D. Emphasizes connected and collaborative learning

8. Which of the following does not define the term OPEN in MOOC?
A. Access to anyone C. Free of Charge
B. Open to all grade level D. Open nature of Knowledge

6
9. Which of the following defines the term COURSE in MOOC?
A. It is bounded by a start and end date.
B. It is separated by a common theme.
C. It is a progression of unordered events.
D. It is limited only to a number of subjects.

10. In the Philippines, what University pioneered the MOOC?

A. University of Santo Tomas C. Ateneo University
B. University of the Philippines D. University of the East

7
 Senior High School

NOT

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 12.1, Week 12
Media and Its Various Ways of Delivery
 What I Know

Pretest

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer among the given choices.

1. These are words in written or printed format. It can also be found on screens like
TV and smartphones.
A. text B. format C. visual D. technology

2. It is a principle of text that using different size, weight, color , contrast and
orientation to present text with greater value.
A. space B. alignment C. emphasis D. consistency

3. The use at least 2 or 3 colors, font styles and design styles for the whole
composition is called ____________.
A. format B. consistency C. text D. space

4. Using all the objects consistently or cohesively in your design that it allows the
viewers to understand the message or story of your image.
A.Unity B. Perspective C. Rhythm D. Focal

5. It is a principle to make sure to make the important objects of your design be

noticeable first by the viewer.
A. unity B. perspective C. rhythm D. focal

6. To distribute the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

A. balance B. unity C. perspective D. text

7. It is a live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
A. radio broadcast C. dialogue
B. music D. silence

8. It is the time control, editing , order of event non-linear or multi-linear.

A. Mixing B. Pace C. Transition D. Text

9. It is a sound within the range of human hearing.

A. Audio B. Mixing C. Editing D. Transmitter

10. The action or process of transmitting something or a the state of being transmitted.
A.Transition C. Audio
B. Transmission D. Reception

iii
 Lesson
Text Information and
1 Media
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 12

What I Need to Know

In the advent of technology, information in all style emerges. Information plays

a great role in the success of a community. That is why we need to learn how to
effectively communicate our information. In this module you will learn basic ideas of
different resources of media and information , principle and elements of text design.
These are important knowledge and skills to be developed in order to be equipped in
this ever changing world.

What’s In

To have a meaningful learning you are required to read this learning material
and explore other sources that could enrich your mind and skills. Religiously follow the
created activities that is design to be simple yet fun to answer.

What’s New

Activity 1. Directions: Answer the following questions: 1.) Where do you

usually get printed information?; and 2. How does it
help you to improve your life?. Write your answer in
your activity notebbok.

Source of Printed Information How does it help?

1
 What Is It

Activity 2: Imagine this!

Directions: You walk into a clinic and you read something like this:

Would you go inside? or would run for your life?

Wonder at this: As you read the text above, answer the following questions:
1. What is your first reaction if you see this signage if you pass by a clinic? Would you
trust the doctor who resides in this clinic?
2. What do you think is the mistake happened here?

I am sure that you really find it funny or terrified! For me, I almost fell in my chair
after reading it and I feel sad to the innocent doctor who might not even know tagging
him as THE RAPIST instead of THERAPIST. Anyway, text are all-over in our society.
This help us to easily navigate our ways. Let’s try to answer the next activity,

Directions: Roam around your house and look for the things in the list below.
Check (✔) the box (☐) in the right if you think the object can be
used to write, print or display texts. You may add your own list.
Checklist
(Example )Television ✔ Notebook Poster
Radio Paper Smartphone
Book Magazine Tarpaulin
Newspaper Journal Computer
Wall Pen Wood

Texts are the words in written or printed format. Today, it can also be found on
screens like TV and smartphones.
Now that wasn’t hard isn’t it? I am sure that most item can be found in your
household. This only means again that texts are all-over us. The texts that you have

2
read that is found in your household is called Graphic design, It is said that without
text on the page, that is not graphic design but it is called art (Williams, 2012).
As a student of Media and Information literacy it is part in our learning how to
choose the correct font, space and organization with our text. A good design always
relays successfully any type of communication. This ensures that the texts are
appealing, logical and cohesive manner.
The following are the global design principle in using text as communication,
this is taken from book “Powerful Text Messages”(Keane 2006).
A. Organization

---The major components of any type of communication project need to be

arranged in a way that engages the audience.

B. Visual Expression

---All nonverbal components (such as photographs drawings, diagrams, and lines)

need to work together to establish the tome of a project. Visual aspects like color,
contrast, and balance play an important role in establishing the overall tone.

C. Written Text

---The words need to be carefully chosen and appropriately formatted- into heading
and captions. Tone , structure, and style are key.

“Basically, a graphic designer’s job is to be a translator, to put information

into a visual form that gives people a better understanding of the content.” –
Wendy Richmond

Would you agree with how Wendy Richmond explained as a translator of

information? Now we wouldn’t want another mistake like “THE RAPIST” because this
cause can confusion.

Activity 3: Directions: Examine the different signages in Colum A, write your

observation in Colum B.

A B
Text What can you say about it?

Congratulations

PAULO
With Highest Honor

3
 So how do you find the activity? Perhaps there’s a lot of things that runs in your
head while reading and understanding the texts. We must understand that every time
that we uses text there are certain design, fonts and sizes that we need to apply in
order for us to be better translator of an idea or concept.

Remember the way how we represent an idea/concept gives an impression to

the viewer. For example a person who wears beaten shoes versus fully polished
leathered shoes gives an opposite reaction from the viewer. Meaning appearance
always matters to the eye of the viewer. Sometimes also typography affects the
message in our text. This can cause a major impact of how a viewer perceived the
overall idea.

The following lesson is taken from UX Academy in choosing the right font and
size in your text design. This will help you of bringing the best output in ang text
information/messages.

Texts in digital format have different designs called Typeface, often called as
fonts. It consists of alphabets, numbers and special characters set.

Four (4) Ways to Use Typeface

1. Use Safe Typefaces It’s better for a typeface to be clear and legible, rather
than so unreadable that it’s distracting from the overall
communication goals of the design. If someone has to
spend an extra 4 seconds to understand what have
written, then they will disregard your design.

4
 Example:

Arial, Impact, Lucida Grande, Tahoma, Verdana, and

Helvetica.

2. Know 5 Families of Geometric Geometric typefaces are often classified as

Type clear, objective, modern, and universal. On the flipside,
they can be said to be cold, impersonal, and boring.

Humanist San-Serif Humanist Sans typefaces are more

clean and modern and derived from handwriting.
These typefaces are designed to be as simple as
possible, involving thinner and thinner stroke weights
similar to our handwriting.

Old Style Serif Known as the “oldest typefaces”, Old

Style is marked by little contrast between thick and thin,
and curved letter forms tend to tilt to the left.

Slab Serifs Slab Serif can be known as urban or rural,

generally standing out in the wrong surroundings but
fitting right in in the right places.

1. 3. When Selecting Much of the time one typeface is all you will need to use
2. Two Fonts, Use in your designs. However, there are certain occasions
3. Decisive Contrast where you’ll want to use multiple typefaces to make parts
of your design stand out.

When you choose to use multiple typefaces, make sure

the typefaces you’re using have large contrasting
differences.

4. Use “Wild” Now let’s not get crazy with the type of fonts that would
Typefaces strain our eyes. Always think of the viewers point of view,
Sparingly not all wild typefaces are applicable. You need to
consider the perception of an audience.

Below are the Design Principles and Elements of Text. Let us understand
each.

Principles Examples
(Images by Jay Michael A. Calipusan)
Emphasis

---Use different size, weight, color,

contrast and orientation to present
texts with greater value.

5
 Appropriateness

--- Using the right font, content and

tone of presentation based on the
target audience or event.

Space

---Use space to create focus and

strategically make other texts stand-
out.

Alignment

---Use text alignment to set

symmetry, formality or free style.

Consistency

---Use at least 2 or 3 colors, font

styles and design styles for the whole
composition

What’s More

Activity 4: Guess the Text!

Directions: Explain each image if it follows or did not follow the design
principles and elements of texts.

1. (Explain here)

6
2. (Explain here)

3. (Explain here)

7
 Lesson
Visual Information and
2 Media
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 12

What I Need to Know

In the advent of technology, information in all style emerges. Information plays

a great role in the success of a community. That is why we need to learn how to
effectively communicate our information. In this module you will learn basic ideas of
different resources of media and information , principle and elements of text design.
These are important knowledge and skills to be developed in order to be equipped in
this ever changing world.

What’s In

Activity 1. Directions: Recall an examples of text font and when you do we

usually use this font. Write your answer on the space
provided.

Example of Font Text Uses

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Indeed, “Picture speaks a thousands of words” how can this possible when we
cannot hear a still picture talking? Now, let me clear this idea. Have you experienced
looking at the “Mona Lisa” painted by the famous Leonardo da Vinci? Every time when
you look at her smile there’s a mysterious message that the painting wanted to tell.
You know now what I am talking about? Here’s another one, every time that you look
at your Facebook throwbacks pictures you can’t help but to feel nostalgic and be
overwhelmed by its message. We have what we call visual language in which
images/pictures relays certain message, that’s the power of Visual media, so what is
Visual media:
8
 To have a meaningful learning you are required to read this learning material
and explore other sources that could enrich your mind and skills. Religiously follow the
created activities that is design to be simple yet fun to answer.

Visual Media- This is when you use symbols, pictures, icons and signs to
communicate your information/message using the sense of sight.

What’s New

Activity 2: Imagine this!

Directions: Look at the two advertisement posters below with the same
contents. Answer the questions that follow.

Image: “Star!” by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Guide Questions:
1. Which poster is more appropriate?
2. What are the things you consider when answering? Do you think it is effective?
3. What is less effective? Why?
Activity 3. Directions: In your house take a picture or cut-out a picture of an
example of a visual image and paste it column A. Write
short response to its function of this images in a
column B.

Column A Column B
VISUAL MEDIA FUNCTION

Photo
Movie
Newspaper/Magazine
Catalogue
Book with image

9
 What Is It

Visual Cortex is a part of the brain that allows vision or processes visual information.

So were you able to finish the task? I’m sure that you will be surprised that most the
things that is asked from you are just in the corner of your home. This only means that
visual media is again always part of our life. So what are the type of visual media?
Now let us discover these:

Typography

---This is from a two Greek word “typos” meaning form

and “graphein” meaning to write. This simply means
the art and technique of choosing , setting and
arranging type. From the selection of typefaces, size,
length of line and space between letters.
Image by: Freerange
Graphic Design

---This is an integration between art and technology

that communicates or relays an idea/concept. The
dual process of graphics and design that has a
capability to move the audience emotionally.

Image by: Freerange

Informational Graphics

---This is the visual representation of information

that conveys intricate source of data or information.
Example of these are graphs, charts, maps and
other informative forms.

Image by: Freerange

Cartoons

---Sketch or drawing, usually humorous, as in a

newspapers or periodical, symbolizing, satirizing or
caricaturing some action, subject, or person of popular
interest.
Image by: Freerange

10
Photograph

Image by: Freerange

---The process or art of producing images of objects
on sensitized surfaces by the chemial action of
light or of other forms of radiant energy, as xrays,
gamma rays, or cosmic rays.

Motion Pictures

---A sequence of consecutive pictures of objects

photographed in motion by a specially designed
camera (motionpicture camera) and thrown on
a screen by a projecto (motion picture projector)
in such rapid succession as to give the illusion
of natural movement.

Image by: Freerange

Television and video (images)

---The broadcasting of a still or moving image via

radiowaves to receivers that project a view of
the image on a picture tube.A program, movie,
or the like, that is available commercially on
videocassette. Digitally, it can also be available
on compact discs, or stored as files in the
computer or internet. Image by: Freerange

Computers (images)

---Images derived from an electronic device

designed to accept data, perform prescribed
mathematical and logical operations at high
speed, and display the results of these operations.

Image by: Freerange

Network Interactive Multimedia

---Images derived from the combined use of several

media, as sound and full-motion video in computer
applications with internet connection.

Image by: Freerange

11
 What’s More

Activity 4. Directions: Look at the images below, then interpret them. Write
your answer in your activity notebook.

Types of Visual Information

Type and image sample Interpretation
Facial Expression:
These can read between
the facial and eye
expression. The face
usually corresponds to
the emotion of the person.
Photo by Jack Moreh @ Freerange
Body Language: The
posture of the person
and it’s gestures can be
predicted even there are
no words spoken.
Photo by Jack Moreh @ Freerange
Color: Colors represents
meaning based on
preference, culture and
behavior. This also
symbolizes many things
such as events
(Red for wealth/lucky)..
(Read more about Color Psychology)
Photo by MI PHAM on Unsplash
Environment: We
observe the
environment we see and
give interpretations of
the situation of the
people in the
environment.
Photo by Pexels @ Freerange
Symbols: Hand gestures,
icon, brand logos,
landmarks, emoji are some
of the symbols that we
interpret every day.

Photo by Jack Moreh @ Freerange

12
Composition is the placement and arrangement of visual elements.

A good image always create a lasting impression to the viewer. It is appealing

because a picture has a good composition. When we say of composition this is
utilization of elements and principle of design. So what are the elements and principle
of design?
Design Elements
---is the use of colors, space, texture, and other components in an artistic
representation.
Sample Images Elements
(Images by Jay Michael Calipusan)
Space

---Using the canvas, you can use some spaces to

creatively produce stunning and clever designs. Use
spaces to make a direct message since it creates
focus to other elements making it stand out.
Lines

---Use lines to guide the viewer's focal point and

separate objects in your design. This often define as a
moving dot. A line is created by the movement of a
tool. Use straight lines for order and neatness, wavy
lines for more movement, and zig-zagged lines for
tension or excitement.
Size

---Use different sizes of your objects in your design to

show the relative importance of objects and
information.

Pattern

---Designs with repeating objects like lines and shapes

forming patterns can be aesthetically appealing giving
a sense of order to a design. Repetition is a crucial
element in branding design for consistency.
Texture

---Give designs a sense of realistic effects. This is how

the surface look of an object varying to the dark and
light area. Example; smooth, rough, depth.

13
 Colors

---Different color sets the mood and tone of your

designs. Color have psychological impact to us. It is
very important to understand the different meanings of
each common colors according to human perception.

Activity 5. Directions: Explain each image if it FOLLOWS or DID NOT execute

the visual design elements properly. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.
Design Elements
( Image by Michael A. Calipusan)
Image Explanation

1.

2.

3.

4.

14
 Design Principles describe the ways that artists use the elements of art in a
work of art.
Sample Image Principle
(Image by Michael A. Calipusan)
Focal Point

---Make sure to make the important objects of your

design be noticeable first by the viewer.

Contrast

---Can make your design more visually appealing by

making other objects pop-out from other objects of your
design. Contrast maybe the difference of two elements
of your design like black and white or thin and thick.

Balance

---Always distribute the visual weight of objects, colors,

texture, and space.

Rhythm

--- Using lines, you can direct the viewers in your

design. This includes vertical, horizontal, and diagonal
lines. Use this technique to convey different motions
and emotions.

Perspective

---Use this principle to provide depth in your designs.

This will give a better view and allows the viewers to
have empathy to your message or subjects in the
image.

Unity

---Using all the objects consistently or cohesively in

your design that it allows the viewers to understand the
message or story of your image.

15
 What I Have Learned

Activity 6. Directions: Explain each image if it FOLLOWS or DID NOT

EXECUTE the visual design principles properly.

Design Principles
(Images by: Michael A. Calipusan)
Image Explanation
1.

2.

3.

4.

16
 Lesson
Audio Information and
3 Media
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 12

What’s In

What is Visual Media? This is when you use symbols, pictures, icons and signs
to communicate your information/message using the sense of sight.

What’s New

Imagine this: Listen to a speech with a monotone voice, would you be

convinced? Would you stay long to listen? For me I will probably fell asleep. This is
how important sound it brings sense to a message. Through audio and sound we can
visualize the information that is received in our brain. Sound stimulates our imagination
and today it brings few uses in our day to day living. So what is Audio Information?
We have to understand the two word Audio and Information.
If you combine the meaning of the two words, I guess you can conclude the
definition of the term. In this module you will understand the different process and
categories of audio information. Enjoy!

Activity 1. Directions: Roam around your house and look for the things in the
list below. Check (✔) the box (☐) in the right if you
think the object can be used to make/produce sound.
You may add your own list.
Checklist
(Example )Television ✔ Alarm Clock Portable speaker
Radio Smartphones MP3
Earpiece DVD Player Cassette Tape
Memory Card
Internet Connection

17
Activity 2. Directions: Read and imagine the scenario that is presented, write
your thought about these scenarios.
1.Watching a movie without a sound.

3. Listening to radio news/drama without any

sound effects.

3. Unclear voice of your favorite singer.

What Is It

Audio is a sound within the range of human hearing.

Audio
--- is relating to or employed in the transmission, receptionor
reproduction oAf sound.

Reception
--- the action or process of receiving something sent, given,
or inflicted.
Pictures by: Pixabay
Transmission
---the action or process of transmitting something or the state
of being transmitted.

Types and Categories of Audio Information

a. Radio Broadcast ---live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to

reach a wide audience.

b. Music ---vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a

way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for
many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious
or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product.

c. Sound Recording ---recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from

the environment.

18
 d. soundclips/effects any sound, other than music or speech, artificially
reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation,
as the sound of a storm or a creaking door. e. Audio
Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording, usually
part of a themed series, that can be downloaded from a
website to a media player or computer.

Elements of Sound Design

1. Dialogue ---speech, conversation, voice-over. Waterfall - As first

element fades out, the second element begins at full
volume. Better for voice transitions
2. Sound Effects ---any sound other than music or dialogue.
3. Music ---vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such
a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion.
4. Silence ---absence of audio or sound.

Principles of Sound Design

1. Mixing ---the combination, balance and control of multiple sound

elements.
2. Pace ---Time control. Editing. Order of events: linear, non-linear,
or multi-linear.
3. Transitions ---How you get from one segment or element to another.
4. Stereo Imaging ---Using left and right channel for depth.

What’s More

Activity 3. Directions: Research ways how you can store audio media, write
down the process of storing these audio files. Write
your answer in your activity notebook.
Storing Audio Media Process
Example: Using a magnetic blank tape sounds can be recorded.
Tape

19
Activity 4. Directions: Search the definition of the following terms. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.
Audio file formats Definition

MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer

M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced

Audio Coding)

WAV

WMA (Windows Media Audio)

What I Have Learned

Activity 5. Directions: List down all kinds of audio file formats and its uses.
Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Formats Uses

20
Summary
Texts are the words in written or printed format. The texts that you have read
that is found in your household is called Graphic Design, It is said that without text on
the page, that is not graphic design but it is called ART. (Williams, 2012).
The following are the global design principle in using text as communication,
this is taken from book “Powerful Text Messages by Keane (2006). 1.) Organization ;
2.) Visual Expression; and 3.) Written Text.
Texts in digital format have different designs called Typeface, often called as
fonts. It consists of alphabets, numbers and special characters set.There are Four (4)
Ways to Use Typeface 1.) Use Safe Typefaces; 2.) Know 5 Families of Type; 3.) When
Selecting Two Fonts, 4.) Use Decisive Contrast Use “Wild” Typefaces Sparingly.
A Visual Media. This is when you use symbols, pictures, icons and signs to
communicate your information/message using the sense of sight.

There are types of visual media, namely: typhography, graphic design,

informational grahapics, cartoon, photograph, motion pictures, television and video,
and network interactive media.

Audio is relating to or employed in the transmission, receptionor reproduction

oAf sound. Reception- the action or process of receiving something sent, given, or
inflicted. Transmission- the action or process of transmitting something or the state of
being transmitted.

There are types and categories of audio Information, these are: 1). Radio
broadcast; 2) Music; 3) Sound recording; and 4.) soundclips/effects.

21
 Senior High School

NOT

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 12.2, Week 12
Media and Its Various Ways of Delivery
 What I Know

Pretest

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer among the given choices.

1. These are words in written or printed format. It can also be found on screens like
TV and smartphones.
A. text B. format C. visual D. technology

2. It is a principle of text that using different size, weight, color , contrast and
orientation to present text with greater value.
A. space B. alignment C. emphasis D. consistency

3. The use at least 2 or 3 colors, font styles and design styles for the whole
composition is called ____________.
A. format B. consistency C. text D. space

4. Using all the objects consistently or cohesively in your design that it allows the
viewers to understand the message or story of your image.
A.Unity B. Perspective C. Rhythm D. Focal

5. It is a principle to make sure to make the important objects of your design be

noticeable first by the viewer.
A. unity B. perspective C. rhythm D. focal

6. To distribute the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

A. balance B. unity C. perspective D. text

7. It is a live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
A. radio broadcast C. dialogue
B. music D. silence

8. It is the time control, editing , order of event non-linear or multi-linear.

A. Mixing B. Pace C. Transition D. Text

9. It is a sound within the range of human hearing.

A. Audio B. Mixing C. Editing D. Transmitter

10. The action or process of transmitting something or a the state of being transmitted.
A.Transition C. Audio
B. Transmission D. Reception

iii
 Lesson
Motion Information and
4 Media
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 12

What I Need to Know

Jack Nicholson once said,“…all the things you can’t really teach in social
studies or history, we learn them at the movies”
Fortunately, films have been used and highly recommended in school
curriculums as a teaching aid.
Even at early age, we try to understand motion media and in addition to that,
we learn new languages, codes and conventions, different cultures and behaviors.
This is why it is very important to understand what motion media offers and how they
are composed, for us to determine fantasy, realism, history, events, and significant or
irrelevant.

What’s In

We learned in the previous lesson that we can store audio, this means we can
also store data, texts, images and video.
Most of us experience motion media from our earliest childhood. We watch
cartoons, anime, films, advertisements, TV series, computer games and stream
videos. These are all part of our culture.

What’s New

Did you know, that filming began in 1890s and it was just under a minute long
without sound because of the limits of technology.

1
Activity 1: Imagine This
Directions: Take a ten (10) selfies and every time you take a picture, move
slightly. After taking 10 slightly different selfies, try to view each
picture (in order) in less than 5 seconds.

Sample motion images by Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Wonder at this: As you observe your ten (10) selfies, ask yourself these questions:
1. Why do my selfies look like its moving when viewed faster in transition?
2. Can this be the concept behind how motion media is presented?

What Is It

Motion Picture is a series of images projected on screen in rapid succession.

The slight change of positions and movements of each image makes an illusion of
motion. These images are called frames. Most motion media have 24 frames per
second, which means, in a video, they project 24 images in every 1 second. Today,
most motion picture are saved in digital format called video.

Activity 2: Video Demonstration

Directions: Produce a ten (10) second
video about you
demonstrating how to
properly drink water. Be
creative. Save the video in
your smartphone or
personal computer for
evaluation. Photo by Johnny McClung on Unsplash

There are many ways to produce a motion picture. Let us explore the different
motion pictures produced throughout the history.

2
Activity 3: Motion Picture
Diections: Provide a picture that you find the best example for each type of
motion picture. Example, for animation, you can use your favorite
anime like Dragon Ball Z. Write your answer in your activity
NOTEBOOK.

Types of Motion Picture

Motion Picture Image Sample
Traditional Animation. A technique in which each
frame is individually drawn by the artist or animator.

CC BY 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31407257

Computer Animation: The art of creating animation

using computer. It
can be in a form
of (2d) two-
dimensional or
three-
dimensional (3d).

By Hipocrite at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to

Commons., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
php?curid=2098302

Stop Motion Animation: A technique used to

bring static
objects create
an illusion of
movement.
Object like
clay figures,
puppets and
miniatures are often used by moving in increments
while filming each for 1 frame.
By Francesco Madeo - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.
wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39572403

Film: A series of
moving pictures that
have recorded and
shown on screens. It
is recorded using a
motion picture
camera.
Photo by Jakob Owens Unsplash

3
Combination of Visual Effects. Most of the films
today use
computer
generated
images (CGI) for
special effects
like environment
manipulation the
and character
models.
A computer generated image featuring a house, made in Blender.
By Mayqel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
php?curid=2440711

Video producers use different cinematic techniques. Let us discover the

common camera shots and camera angles.

Activity 4: Camera Shots

Directions: Choose which image matches each camera shot and camera
angle’s description.

Camera Shots

---are techniques to show the amount of space in a scene.

Extreme Long Shot

---Also known as Establishing Shot, it sets up the context for a scene by showing
large amount of landscape to establish general setting.

1. Which of the image below you think is an Extreme Long Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Patrick Perkins on Unsplash Photo by Max Bender on Unsplash

Long Shot
---May show landscape but focuses on a specific setting where the action will take
place.
4
2. Which of the image below you think is a Long Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by eberhard grossgasteiger on Unsplash Photo by JC Gellidon on Unsplash

Full Shot
---Shows the entire object or character intended to place some relationship between
characters and environment.
3. Which of the image below you think is a Full Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Jeffrey Lin on Unsplash Photo by rawpixel on Unsplash

Mid-Shot
---Also known as social shot, it shows the character from the waist up, to let the
viewers see the character’s facial expressions in connection with other characters or
environment
4. Which of the image below you think is a Mid Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Nicholas Green on Unsplash Photo by Christopher Campbell on Unsplash

Close-up
---Also known as personal shot, it shows only a character’s face for the viewers to
understand and empathize with the character’s emotions.

5
5. Which of the image below you think is a Close-up Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Helena Lopes on Unsplash Photo by Filipe Almeida on Unsplash

Extreme Close-up
---Shows and focuses on one part of the character’s face or object to create an intense
mood of emotion.

6. Which of the image below you think is an Extreme Close-up Shot?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Peter Forster on Unsplash Photo by Kelli McClintock on Unsplash

Camera Angles

--- focuses on the viewers’ position to understand the relationship of the characters,
objects and environment.
Bird’s Eye Angle
---Usually used for establishing shot, it is an angle that looks down on a scene.
1. Which of the image below you think is a Bird’s Eye Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Denys Nevozhai on Unsplash Photo by Denys Nevozhai on Unsplash

6
High Angle
---Used to demonstrate to the viewers the perspective of a character. By making the
camera to look down on a character, the subject may look vulnerable, small or weak.

2. Which of the image below you think is a High Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Aliyah Jamous on Unsplash Photo by Hanna Postova on Unsplash

Eye-level Angle
---The most commonly used caera angle, it makes the viewers comfortable with the
characters.
3. Which of the image below you think is an eye-level Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Alexis Brown on Unsplash Photo by Bao Truong on Unsplash

Low Angle

---The camera is looking up to the character, this makes the character look more
powerful and may make the audience feel vulnerable or small in the presence of that
character.
4. Which of the image below you think is a Low Angle?

7
 A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Denys Nevozhai on Unsplash Photo by Denys Nevozhai on Unsplash

Dutch Angle
---Tilts the camera to disorient the viewers. This effect is used to demonstrate
confusion or strange scenes.

5. Which of the image below you think is a Dutch Angle?

A. Image 1 B. Image 2
Photo by Victoriano Izquierdo on Unsplash Photo by Artem Kovalev on Unsplash

Choosing videos and films as resources for your academic works may be tricky.
Let us explore T.R.A.P. by Middlesex Community College to help us evaluate these
videos and films.

Tips for Finding Quality Information

1. Timeliness (When?)

➢ Check for the date it was published or last updated

➢ Inspect the relevance of old videos as your source
➢ Will the video exist for years to come or does it have backups for viewing?

2. Reliability (How?)

➢ Check for credibility and accuracy of the video

➢ Always consider the copyright of the video Know the cast or persons involved
in the video Is the video bias or a propaganda?

3. Authority (Who?)
➢ Who uploaded, owns or distributes the video?

8
 ➢ Know if the writers, producers or creators are expert or experienced of the
what they are trying to communicate
4. Purpose (Why? What?)

➢ What particular audience does the video intend to reach?

➢ Is it created to entertain, inform, share, advertise, or influence views and
beliefs?
➢ Does the information of the video suits what you need?
➢ Check the content: Its topic, story, goal, theme. Is it a report or documentary?

What’s More

When producing a motion media, most professionals use script (screenplay)

and story board in their production.

Script. Also known as screenplay, is the text that describes the action, scenes,
camera instructions and words to be spoken by the actors.
Sample from a screenplay, showing dialogue and action descriptions.

By Mendaliv - Own work by uploader, originally uploaded to English Wikipedia.,

Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4970002

9
Story Board

---It describes what happens in your video by making thumbnail of images. It usually
looks like a comic strip. While scripts use texts, storyboards are mainly visual. Making
story boards before filming helps you to plan more effectively, finalize your ideas and
predict possible problems during production.

A storyboard for The Radio Adventures of Dr. Floyd episode #408

Activity 5: Storyboarding

Directions: Think of an original story to be played in 1 minute. Create a SCRIPT

AND STORYBOARD for your story. For more information about
screenplay and storyboard, visit https://thewritepractice.
com/screnplay-process/ and https://boords.com/blog/how-to-
make-a-storyboard. Please follow this format given below. Your
output will be rated based on the rubrics on the next page.

10
 Rubrics on Script and Storyboard
Criteria Maximum Points
The main idea is delivered clearly and developed
Message 5
with good details
The sequence of the scenes are smooth, the details
Story 5
of the story are evident from start to end.

What I Have Learned

By understanding motion media, we can analyze, explore and understand the

possible messages and information of media that we watch and hear. This will also
help us create our own craft in producing films.

We explored the different ways to produce motion pictures like animation, films,
computer generated image or the combination of all ways. In making films, using
cinematic techniques are very crucial for better production and always make good
scripts and storyboard.

What I Can Do

The use of lightings in a film plays a major role in the whole output of the film,
this cinematic technique is an indicator of nonverbal mood and emotion of the film.
There are still many cinematic techniques that we must learn. Search for the
Camera Movement, Sound and Lighting, Diegetic and Non-diegetic sound
cinematic techniques.
You may start with this link https://www.primeeducation.com.au/cinematic-
techniquescritical-studies/

11
 Lesson
Interactive Media
5
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 12

What’s In

Watching videos and listening to music can

be exhilarating but it is more exciting to have the
option to control the output of what you are
watching on screen. Manipulative media or
interactive media gives us the option to do so, we
can control what will be viewed, what the actions of
a character we play, what item to purchase, what Photo by Alex Holyoake on
song to play and more. Unsplash

What’s New

Activity 1: Wonder at This

1. Think about your first time using Facebook. What were the steps you did to create
and access your account? How did you post your first thought?
2. Why do you think Facebook is very popular? Enumerate the ways in which you
interact with Facebook.

Let’s do this:
Ask two persons (it may be your seatmates, friends, neighbors, or guardians/parents)
about the actions that they have done on Facebook. Ask them to check the box next
to the statement that they agree to have done.

12
 Below is a table where they will check the box on the actions that they have
done on Facebook:

Actions Done on Facebook Person 1 Person 2

Clicked the ‘like’ button.
Watched a video.
Messaged a friend on a one-to-one basis.
Commented on a friend’s photo or video.
Read an article.
Read a news story.
Commented in a friend’s profile status.
Logged in to see what’s happening without posting
myself.
Uploaded and shared photos.
Updated my profile status/posted about what I’m
doing.

What Is It

Interactive Media allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video;
each of which can be accesses from within any of the others. It engages the user and
interacts with the user. It allows interactivity between the technology (the computer)
and the user (human); the computer responds to or communicates with the user as a
response to user’s actions. Example of using an interactive media through Online
Booking. When we book a flight online, we use the website as our media. We, the
users, interact with that media through clicking on the dates and payment for our flight.
There are different platforms or dimensions of interactive media and these are
(a) Mobile apps, (b) 3D TV, (c) Video Games, (d) Role-Playing Games, (e) Massively
Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game, (f) Interactive websites, (g) Virtual Reality and
Immersive Environments, (h) Power Point, (i) Interactive smart boards, and (j)
computer software.
Below are the different platforms of interactive media. Let us understand
each.
a. Mobile Apps – or Mobile Applications

--- is a software developed specifically for use on small, wireless computing devices
such as smartphones and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers.

13
b. 3DTV
---a television display technology that enables a three-dimensional effect, so that
viewers perceive that an images has depth as well as height and width, similar to
objects in the real world.

c. Video Games
---a game played electronically; manipulating images produced by a computer
program on a television screen or any other display screen. It could be educational
such as Bookworm, or Multiplayer that allows two or more players to play with one
another or together.

d. Role-Playing Game – or RPG

---is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting. The
players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through
literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character
development.
e. Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game – or MMORPG
---is any story-driven online video game in which a player, taking on the persona of a
character in a virtual world, interacts with a large number of other players.

f. Interactive Websites
--- these are websites that let users take on a pool, survey, exams, exercises or even
allow online social interaction such as social media sites (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.).

g. Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments

---the computergenerated simulation of a threedimensional image or environment that
can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special
electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with
sensors.

h. PowerPoint presentations
---may contain links, hypertexts, images, sound, graphics, or other multimedia
elements.

i. Interactive smart boards

---allows the teacher and the students to have physical interaction with the subject
matter using this format.

j. Computer software
---allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound and video, each of which can be
accessed from within any of the others.

Interactivity is the communication process that takes place between humans

and the different dimensions of interactive media. The most common types of
interactivity include:
a. Click
---the action where the user uses the left mouse button or the right button. Example is
when you click the like button.
14
b. Hotspot
---a special region to act as a trigger to another web page or site. It could be a circle,
triangle, rectangle, or polygon.

c. Slideshow
--- a non-linear interactive slideshow where the pathway through the show is
determined by the user’s interaction with it.

d. Timeline
---a menu slide that branches to different events.

c. Hover
---an image, text, or portion of it that changes in appearance when the mouse cursor
moves over it.

What’s More

Activity 2: Short-Response Questions

1. Name 3 actions that demonstrates interactivity of Online Shopping? Follow
this format:
Action Interactivity (what it do?)
(i.e. Click on Add to cart button) Allows for items to be added to cart
ready for check-out or payment.
1.
2.
3.

2. Name 4 advantages and disadvantages of online gaming. Follow this format:

Advantages Disadvantages
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

14
Activity 3: Interactive Media and its Interactivity.
Directions: To be able check your understanding of interactive media and
interactivity, complete the matrix below:

Interactive Example Non-Interactive Interactive Action

Media Action
Platform
e.g. Mobile Apps Plants vs Zombies View available cards Play with cards against AI or
Heroes Online

Mobile Apps
3D TV
Video Game
Role Playing
Game
Massively
Multiplayer Online
Role
Playing Game
Interactive
Websites
Virtual Reality
and Immersive
Environments

Slide
presentations
Computer
software
Interactive smart
boards

What I Have Learned

The concept of Interactive Media is the engagement of the user through

interactivity by allowing users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.

15
 A website, with the help of internet connection, is one of the best example that
we can observe today, website’s hyperlinks and scripted features like buttons,
comments sections, upload page, streaming and more.

The different platforms of interactive media are mobile apps, 3DTV, video
games, roleplaying games, massively multiplayer online role playing game, interactive
websites, virtual reality and immersive environments, powerpoint presentations,
interactive smart boards, and computer software. The list goes on, but to determine
and interactive media, most of them have something to click, a hotspot, slideshows,
timeline, and hover.

What I Can Do

Educational games are games that are designed to help people to learn about
certain subjects, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand historical
events or culture, or assist them in learning a skill as they play.

Hypermedia is a system in which various forms of information, as data, text,

graphics, video, and audio, are linked together by a hypertext program.

Activity 4: Search Online

Directions: Search for an online IQ, psychological test or diagnostic test on the
internet. Take the test and submit your results either through email
or printout. Write a brief evaluation or assessment on the test
taken, focusing on the following:
a. The practicality of an online IQ, psychological test or diagnostic test.
b. Interactivity of the online exam
c. Other features you would like to incorporate, or how it could be
improved.

16
 Lesson
Multimedia Information
6 and Media
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 12

What I Need to Know

Before smartphones became essential in our generation, people used cellular

phones that can only send texts or do voice calls, no cameras, no video and no picture.
Today, we can do video call with audio and chat at the same time (at the same person)
using an app in our phone.
This is the age where most people are heavily relying on multimedia to
communicate, transact and express their thoughts and passion.

What’s In

In the previous lessons, we learned a lot about text media, visual media, audio
media, motion media, and interactive media.
In this lesson, we will learn the different forms of multimedia that are made
possible with the combination of 2 or more media that are mentioned in the first
paragraph.

What’s New

Activity 1: Wonder at This

You are going to build a robot, which of the features below you would like to include
to your robot and why? You may choose many features as you please.

☐ Talk ☐ Hear ☐ Record ☐ Show images

☐ Can be controlled ☐ Play videos ☐ Fly ☐ Teleport
☐ Long distance communication ☐ Superspeed ☐ Transform
17
Wonder at this: As you read the text above:
1. Why would you like your robot to be designed that way?
2. What could be the most important features a robot can have?
3. Would you consider a good robot should have a combination of:
• the power of our smartphones
• and human designed machines for transportation?

Multimedia is form with the combination of any of these content forms: Text,
Audio, Still Images, Animation, Video Footage, and Interactive Media.

Activity 2: Multimedia Devices

Below are modern multimedia devices, identify which individual content forms are
available to each device and put a check (✔) on the box provided (✔).

Task 6.1 Individual Content Forms

Image by Image by Mabel Image by William Image by Free-

OpenClipartVectors Amber, still incognito... Iven from Pixabay Photos from
from Pixabay from Pixabay
Pixabay
iPod Digital Camera Smartphone Smart Watch
(Example)
Text
Audio ✔
Still
Images
Animation
Video
Footage
Interactivity ✔

Multimedia started to stablish its description during 1990s where computers

and internet are starting to emerge. The two types of multimedia: Static media and
Active media.

Static Media ― also known as linear media, refers to contents that lacks
interactivity. Common examples are books and newspapers, these multimedia may
have texts and pictures but the readers are unable to control its contents or no
observable timely updates or changes.

18
 Type of Multimedia Dynamic Media ― also known as non-linear media, refers
to contents that provides interactivity with its users. Websites can be a static media or
dynamic media but most known websites today such as Facebook and Youtube are
good examples of dynamic media because these websites provide the users to
contribute to the site’s contents through posting, comments, uploading pictures and
videos, which leads to dynamic contents to the media.

Activity 3. Directions: Determine the type of each media examples in the

boxes below, write STATIC for Static Media or
DYNAMIC for Dynamic Media and provide an
explanation of your choice in the relative box.

Determine Me
Media/Device Type Explanation
Example: Example:
dynamic Arcade games allow players to
control the outcome of the
media through the role they are
playing. There is an interaction
between the machine and the
players.

Arcade Game Machine

Photo by Tree Andree on Unsplash

Magazine
Photo by True Agency on Unsplash

Comic Book
Photo by Miika Laaksonen on
Unsplash

20
 Lazada
Screenshot from Lazada mobile app

Virtual Reality Glasses

Photo by Hammer & Tusk on
Unsplash

Billboard
Photo by Muhamad Syazwan
Jonizar on Unsplash

Electronic Presentation
Photo by Teemu Paananen on
Unsplash

21
 What Is It

Multimedia can also be observed in the form of live or recorded presentations,

games and simulations.
Advertisements, education, entertainment, business and science take
advantage to multimedia to aid their objectives and goals.

Multimedia Usage and Applications

1. Creative Industries

Most creative industries nowadays use

multimedia to reach broader audience.
Using the creativity, skills and talents of
individuals to create different contents
such as fine arts, entertainment,
commercials, journalism and software
services.

Photo by Darren Chan on Unsplash

2. Education

Different institutions use multimedia

projects to help students and faculty
members learn faster and cater their current
learning preferences. Multimedia offers an
alternative or ubiquitous means of acquiring
knowledge through various mediums and
platform. Students may use internet from
their smartphones for research or watch
video tutorials from Youtube from their
laptop. Institutions can also take advantage
of computer simulation technologies using
virtual reality or augmented reality. The
image in the right is a student pilot learning
how to fly a commercial airplane through
Photo by Jervis Dreamond
Leonardo computer simulation.

22
3. Journalism

Stories and research for journalist can now be

accessed in an instant with cellular signals and
internet connection. Journalism’s mode of content
delivery started with newspapers, radio, and
television. Today, we can access these contents in
different platforms like laptop and smartphones.
Journalists can also have podcasts, live feeds from
social networking sites, online radio and
subscription feeds. Sharing news contents is now Photo by Austin Distel on Unsplash
easier through web applications like Facebook and
Twitter. Journalism can now reach broader audience in an instant and the
readers/viewers can also instantaneously give feedbacks to the content that can also
be heard by other people. This generation allows everyone to deliver news that was
once only limited to journalists by profession.

5. Science

The fields of Engineering, Mathematics,

Science, and Medicine have been using
multimedia for the past few years to
improve their research and productivity.
Engineers use computer software to
simulate trainings and designs.
Mathematical and scientific research used
multimedia for modeling, faster processing
of data and communications. Photo by Science in HD on Unsplash

What’s More

Activity 4. Directions: Enumerate different multimedia devices or

applications that each individual on the list below that
they can use to aid there tasks.

Enumeration
Individual 2 multimedia devices or applications
(Example) 3D Modeling software Smartphone
Engineer

Student

23
 Scientist

Video Blogger

Digital Artist

Writer

What I Have Learned

Multimedia Principle

Multimedia can be recorded, played, displayed and interacted. This is all

possible because of the presence of multiple forms of media such as texts, audio,
images, motion pictures and interactivity. Most of the multimedia devices are now
electronic.

The availability of internet allows multimedia to be essential to everyone’s lives

for communications, research and entertainment.

Multimedia may be a Static Media or an Active Media where static media lacks
interactivity and dynamic media provides interaction with the user. Multimedia’s impact
can be observed almost everywhere, in creative industries, education, journalism,
science and more.

What I Can Do

Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning states that “people learn

more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone”. The craft of using
multimedia for better communication and learning relies on how the human mind
works: [1] the auditory and visual channels processing of information, [2] each channel
has a limited capacity, [3] learning is an active process of filtering, selecting,
organizing, and integrating information based upon prior knowledge

Search for multimedia principle and report your findings to your teacher.

24
Summary
1. Motion Picture is a series of images projected on screen in rapid succession. The
slight change of positions and movements of each image makes an illusion of
motion. These images are called frames.

2. Cinematic Techniques. Camera Shots: Extreme Long Shot, Long Shot, Full Shot,
Mid-shot, Close-up, and Extreme Close-up.Camera Angles: Bird’s Eye Angle, High
Angle, Eye-level Angle, Low Angle, and Dutch Angle.

3. How to Evaluate a Video: Timeliness (when?), Reliability (how?), Authority

(who?), and Purpose (why? what?).

4. Script, also known as screenplay, is the text that describes the action, scenes,
camera instructions and words to be spoken by the actors.

5. Story Board describes what happens in your video by making thumbnail of

images.

6. Interactive Media allows users to interact with text, graphics, sound, and video.

7. Different Platforms of Interactive Media: Mobile Apps, 3DTV, Video Games,

Role-Playing Games, Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game, Interactive
Websites, Virtual Reality and Immersive Environments, Powerpoint Presentations,
Interactive Smart Boards, and Computer Software.

8. Educational Games are games that are designed to help people to learn about
certain subjects, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand historical
events or culture, or assist them in learning a skill as they play.

9. Multimedia is form with the combination of any of these content forms: Text, Audio,
Still Images, Animation, Video Footage, and Interactive Media.

10. Types of Multimedia. Static Media ― also known as linear media, refers to
contents that lacks interactivity. Dynamic Media ― also known as non-linear
media, refers to contents that provides interactivity with its users.

11. Multimedia Usage and Applications: Creative Industries, Education, Journalism,

and Science.

25
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer among the given choices.

1. Old Style is marked by little contrast between thick and thin, and curved letter forms
tend to tilt to the left.
A. Verdana B. Slab Serifs C. Geometric D. Old Style Serif
2. It is texts in digital format have different designs.
A. Format B. Typeface C. Text D. Message
3. It is the use text alignment to set symmetry, formality or free style.
A. Space B. Alignment C. Emphasis D. Consistency
4. It is an error on text that affect the overall impact on the message.
A. Area B. Typography C. Visual D. Message
5. Giving a design a sense of realistic effects.
A. Texture B. Colors C. Space D. Size

6. The use of different sizes of your objects in design, showing the relative importance
of objects and information.
A. Texture B. Colors C. Space D. Size

7. It is the placement and arrangement of visual elements.

A. Text B. Composition C. Principle D. Element

8. It is a sound within the range of human hearing.

A. Audio B. Mixing C. Editing D. Transmitter

9. The action or process of transmitting something or a the state of being transmitted.

A. Transition B. Transmission C. Audio D. Reception

10. Sample of Audio files that can record an interview, meeting, or any sound from the
environment.
A. Music B. Sound effects C. Sound Recording D. Audio

26
 Senior High School

NOT

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 13, Week 13
Assessing the Production, Organization, and
Dissemination of Different Dimensions
 What I Know
Pre-test

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices.
1. Which of the following is an example of an informal type of text dissemination?
A. text message B. Radio news broadcast
C. TV news broadcast D. None of the Above

2. Which of the following is an example of a formal type of audio organization?

A. News of a fire reported through a local radio station
B. Weather report broadcasted by PAG-ASA through a local radio station
C. Pandemic guidelines hosted by DOH over a P.A. system
D. All of the Above

3. It is one of the factors that determine if a text media is structured correctly.

A. grammar B. information specifics
C. sources/citations D. All of the Above

4. It is one of the factors that determine if a text media has covered the
information well
A. grammar B. information specifics
C. sources/citations D. All of the Above

5. It is one of the factors that determine if a text media has reliable sources.
A. grammar B. information specifics
C. sources/citations D. All of the Above

6. Which of the following is an example of an informal type of image

dissemination?
A. Official health guidelines posted on designated areas.
B. Flyers for a concert with a cause thrown in doorsteps.
C. Infographics given in schools.
D. Local newspapers delivered in coffee shops.

7. What type of dimension is the video about science from National Geographic?
A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal text D. formal text

8. What type of dimension is an educational vlog about science from a YouTube

influencer?
A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal text D. formal text

9. What type of dimension is a podcast about mental health?

A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal audio D. formal audio

10. What type of dimension is an official infographic about the hiring process of
police officers posted in college institutions?
A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal text D. formal text
iii
 Lesson Assessing the Production,
Organization, and Dissemination
14 of Different Dimensions
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 13

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. understand how different dimensions are formally and informally produced;
and
2. compare formal from informal dissemination.

What I Know

Before you go further, let us check your idea about this lesson by answering
the following questions:

1. When getting updates about COVID -19 from DOH, can we consider this as formal
or informal source? Explain briefly your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

2. How do you know that the information you get is coming from a formal source?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

3. What is the risk of getting information from informal sources?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.

1
 What’s In

In the previous module, you learned the different ways of obtaining information
and different media used to influence a target audience. However, in this module you
will be exposed to the various processes on the formal and informal ways of
organizing, producing and disseminating information across different media.

What’s New

Important Definitions

Dissemination - is the spreading of information to reach a wider audience.

Informal - is a nonprofessional or semi-professional method in obtaining information.
Formal - is a professional method in obtaining information.

What Is It

Media come in different dimensions: text, visual, audio, motion, and

multimedia among others. This lesson will cover the various ways in different
dimensions that can be produced, organized, and disseminated either formally or
informally.

Formal vs. Informal Production and Organization

One way of assessing whether the information is formal or informal is through

its production and organizing of its content. Read the following passages:

1. “A captain sailing from the Asia-Pacific on a public barge has been found guilty
on illegal possession of prohibited drugs upon a docking inspection on a
Philippine coast according to a local fisherman near the incident.”

How do you find the organization of the contents? Is it formal or informal?

2. “Captain Jon Doe of the public maritime vessel RRS Marina, sailing from the
Asia-Pacific has been apprehended by the Philippine government upon docking
2
 on the Manila South Harbor on May 6, 2017.The captain was found guilty for
illegal possession of prohibited drugs upon inspection.
– Source: PHN Local Newspaper”

On the surface, both passages could be considered formal but an in-depth

assessment will reveal passage 2 as the formal and passage 1 as the informal.

Below is a table which reflects the characteristics of a formal and informal

production and organization of dimensions—in the form of text:

Characteristics FORMAL (Passage 2) INFORMAL (Passage 1)

Information The information included The information wasn’t
specific details(e.g name of specific and was rushed to
the ship, date and place of a summary.
the incident, name of people
involved).
Grammar The grammar was The grammar was off, with
proofread, possibly by an the whole passage
editor depending on the crammed into a single
source. This means that sentence.
before the news was
shared, it underwent
thorough revisions.
Sources/Citations The passage included the The passage only
source of the news (an depended on the word of a
example, not an actual local local witness without any
newspaper, should be confirmation from
considered trustworthy). trustworthy sources.

Formal vs. Informal Dissemination

Media will not be effective if it doesn’t do what it is intended to do: to be widely

spread, read, seen, or heard of. For this to happen, it has to be disseminated. To give
you a context on the difference between formal and informal dissemination and how
to assess them, let’s examine the following examples:

• Consider a major event happening in a local community (a breakthrough in

science; a cured, terminally-ill patient; a devastating hurricane). The first wave
of news came in the form of social media videos and stories, shared and
disseminated online as opposed to the later news disseminated through a local
news network or a local news social media channel.

• Which do you think is the formal and which is the informal?

3
 As reference, let’s look at the table below:
FORMAL INFORMAL
DISSEMINATION DISSEMINATION
Information Should have thorough Claims without evidences,
evidences that are not in photos/videos are
any way manipulated, cut, edited/manipulated.
or stretched.
Grammar Legit information will have The stories/media are
gone through a series of structured as click baits.
proofreading and editing
and authentication.
Sources/Citations Sources are cited and Sources are informally
referenced. referenced through
mentions or simple,
unorganized citations.

What’s More

Activity 1: Assessing a Letter. Read the following passages and decide whether
they are formal or informal. After, explain what makes them formal
and/or informal.

Passage 1:

“118 Huxley Road

Foxtrot Highway
Craigh Stones Academy

Mr. Burwaghon:

I am writing this letter as a response to your invitation for me to serve as a guest

speaker for the annual Craigh Stones Academy’s Celebration of Scholars. I am very
much delighted to be given the honour and would like to inform you of my acceptance,
having been one of your early scholars from the class 2015.

Best regards,

Anthony Van Houten

Answer:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4
Passage 2:

Dear Mr. Burwaghon,

I’ve received your letter and would like to do the honour. I will be there asap.

Sincerely,
Anthony Van Houten

Answer:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: What’s Best to Read. Research on the recent COVID-19 pandemic

and do the following:

1. List at least 3 formal ways of dissemination about the news of pandemic (in any
dimension: text, visual, audio, motion, multimedia, manipulative); and
2. List at least 3 informal ways of dissemination about the news of the pandemic (in
any dimension: text, visual, audio, motion, multimedia, manipulative)
3. Make sure to cite your sources and prepare to defend your work.

What I Have Learned

We have discussed about how to assess the different dimensions in terms of

their production, organization, and dissemination—formal or informal. There are three
main points to easily assess the formality: information, grammar, and
sources/citations.

What I can Do

As a citizen, it is your responsibility whether to believe or not all the information

you received. What you have learned in this lesson will hopefully aid you in assessing
the different dimensions which you digest every day. The next time you hear news in
either your phone or television, review the table which reflects the characteristics of a
formal and informal production and organization of dimensions we have discussed to
decide whether for fun or for application and whether the news is formal or informal.

5
Summary

The word “media” comes in different dimensions, such as: text, visual, audio,
motion, and multimedia among others. The various dimensions can be produced,
organized, and disseminated either formally or informally.

Moreover, there are differences between formal and informal passages in terms
of their presentation of information, grammar and sources.

6
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices.

1. Which of the following is an example of an informal type of text dissemination?

A. text message B. Radio news broadcast
C. TV news broadcast D. None of the Above

2. Which of the following is an example of a formal type of audio organization?

A. News of a fire reported through a local radio station
B. Weather report broadcasted by PAG-ASA through a local radio station
C. Pandemic guidelines hosted by DOH over a P.A. system
D. All of the Above

3. It is one of the factors that determine if a text media is structured correctly.

A. grammar B. information specifics
C. sources/citations D. All of the Above

4. It is one of the factors that determine if a text media has covered the
information well
A. grammar B. information specifics
C. sources/citations D. All of the Above

5. It is one of the factors that determine if a text media has reliable sources.
A. grammar B. information specifics
C. sources/citations D. All of the Above

6. Which of the following is an example of an informal type of image

dissemination?
A. Official health guidelines posted on designated areas.
B. Flyers for a concert with a cause thrown in doorsteps.
C. Infographics given in schools.
D. Local newspapers delivered in coffee shops.

7. What type of dimension is the video about science from National Geographic?
A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal text D. formal text

8. What type of dimension is an educational vlog about science from a YouTube

influencer?
A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal text D. formal text

9. What type of dimension is a podcast about mental health?

A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal audio D. formal audio

10. What type of dimension is an official infographic about the hiring process of
police officers posted in college institutions?
A. informal multimedia B. formal multimedia
C. informal text D. formal text
7
vii
 Senior High School

NOT

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 14, Week 14
Media Production and Evaluation
 What I Need to Know

Pretest

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer
from among the given choices.

1. Which is a formal source of text?

A. Personal e-mails C. Text message
B. Blogs D. Advertisements

2. Which principle in designing text refers to how the text is positioned in the page?
A. Emphasis C. Alignment
B. Proximity D. Repetition

3. Which visual design element is usually a geometric area that stands out from the
space next to or around it, or because of differences in value, color, or texture?
A. Line B. Shape C. Value D. Texture

4. What visual design principle is created through the arrangement of objects in two
dimensional space to look like they appear in real life?
A. Directional Movement C. Harmony
B. Perspective D. Center of Interest

5. Which one is one way of storing audio media?

A. Podcast B. Radio C. Internet/Cloud D. MP3

6. Which is one of the purposes of using sound or audio media?

A. give instruction or information C. personalize or customize texts
B. provide feedback through a video D. provide diagrams for analysis

7. Which is a basic method on determining the credibility of motion media?

A. Sole Review and Verification C. Tampering of actual event
B. Validity of Information D. Secondary Information Acquisition

8. Which is one of the advantages of motion media and information?

A. It captures motion in a manner that can be viewed in a limited time.
B. It can show processes in detail in a non-linear manner.
C. It can cut across different cultures and groups
D. It allows scenes, history, events and phenomenon to be imitated.

9. Which platform of interactive media enables a three-dimensional effect, so that

viewers perceive that an image has depth as well as height and width, similar to
objects in the real world?
A. Mobile apps B. 3D TV C. Video Games D. RPG

10. Which type of interactivity in social media refers to a menu slide that branches to
different events?
A. Click on Images B. Hotspot C. Rollover D. Timeline

iii
 Lesson Multimedia Production and
Creative Multimedia Form
14 Evaluation

What ‘s In

Welcome to a lesson on Multimedia Production and Creative Multimedia

Form Evaluation. This lesson leads you to answer instructional materials and
activities.

In this lesson you will produce multimedia and evaluate creative multimedia
forms according to guidelines and rubrics.
Follow the series of instructions as your understanding is facilitated in the
learning materials provided. Answer the given learning activities.

As you learned the different principles and elements in the previous lessons,
give your answer to the following questions:

1. Do you remember the different design principles and elements you learned
in previous lessons on different media and information (text, visual, audio)?
Can you identify them.

2. Can you apply these design principles and elements to motion media and
information? Why or why not?

What Is It

A. Text- based Presentation

Text

--- a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether
hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen.

a. Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and

giving suggestions.

1
b. Text is available in different sources whether it is formal (news articles, published
books, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, research works, etc.) or informal
(blogs, personal e-mails SMS or text messages, online messengers, social media
platforms, etc).

✓ Formal text-based materials are created and distributed by established

institutions (such as publishing companies, news agencies, etc.) and go
through a rigorous process of editing or evaluation and are usually governed
by censorship of the state.

✓ Informal text-based materials, on the other hand, come from personal opinions
or views on different issues, processes, etc.

c. Text can be as short such as a single sentence or phrase, or they can be as lengthy
as news articles or investigative reporting. No matter how brief or lengthy, however,
a text is always carefully written with the intent of sending a very specific message
to the target audience.

d. In our exposure to text media and information, we can either be a consumer or a producer
of content. As a consumer, these are the questions that you need to ask with regards to
the content of text media and information:
• Who or what institution is sending this message?
• What techniques are used to attract and hold attention?
• What is the language used by the writer?
• What views are represented? Are they balanced?
• How might the message be interpreted in different ways?
• What is omitted, slurred or added in the message?

e. As a producer of text media and information, we need to review the media and information
design framework: target audience, author or sender, key content, purpose, form/style and
format.

Text as Visual
a. Typeface (also called font, font type, or type) refers to the representation or style
of a text in the digital format.

b. A typeface is usually comprised of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks,

symbols and other special characters. When fonts are installed in the computer,
they usually come in file formats such as True Type Font (.ttf), Open Type Font
(.otf), etc.

c. In the absence of images or drawings, text is the easiest way of communicating to

your audience. The use of various font types can express different emotions or
meaning

Types of Typefaces
Serif
Serif

--connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts. This font is usually used
for the body text of books, newspapers, magazines and research publication. Also,
serif fonts give a classic or elegant look when used for title or heading.

2
Examples: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville

Sans Serif
Sans serif

-- brings a clean or minimalist look to the text. This font is used for clear and direct
meaning of text such as road signage, building directory or nutrition facts in food
packages. Also, sans serif fonts give a modern look and is used primarily in webpage
design.

Examples: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri

Slab Serif
Slab serif

---carries a solid or heavy look to text. This font can be used for large advertising sign
on billboards.

Examples: Rockwell, Playbill, Blackoak

Script
Script

--- draws much attention to itself because of its brush-like strokes. This must be used
sparingly and not to be used in large body text. This font is usually used in wedding
invitation cards or other formal events.

Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler

Decorative
Display or decorative

-- caters to a wide variety of emotions (such as celebration, fear, horror, etc.) or

themes (such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc.)

Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT

The Principles and Elements of Design

1. Emphasis - refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based

content. When trying to make a point or highlighting a message, you can make the
text bold, italicized, have a heavier weight, darkened or lightened (depending on
your background color) or enlarged.

3
2. Appropriateness - refers to how fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific
audience, purpose or event. In the creation of text-based content, make sure that
the selection criteria (tone, style, purpose, clarity) is followed. As for the choice of
typefaces to be used, refer to the discussion of the characteristics of the fonts.
When it comes to large body text, the font should be clear enough to read.

3. Proximity - refers to how near or how far are the text elements from each other.
When two things are closely related, we bring them close together. Otherwise, we
put text elements far from each other. For example, the main title and subtitle are
usually placed close to each other.

4. Alignment - refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right,
center or justified.

5. Organization - refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements

in a page. Organization ensures that while some text elements are separated from
each other (based on the principle of proximity), they are still somehow connected
with the rest of the elements in the page. When there are many elements needed
to fit in a page, start by creating a framework or a compartment for the elements.
Divide the space by creating lines across the page, making it look like a cabinet
with various space sizes. Once you are done compartmentalizing, you can place
the different text elements on the boxes.

6. Repetition - concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design.
Repetition encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page. When
several typefaces are used on a page, it might distract the audience and fail to
communicate what you want them to get from the content. To strike a balance, do
not also use just a single typeface for a visual design product.

7. Contrast - creates visual interest to text elements. Contrast is achieved when two
elements are different from each other. When you place a white text on a very light-
yellow background, contrast is not achieved and the text will be difficult to read, but
when you put a white text on a dark brown background, contrast is created.
Contrast can be achieved in various ways, by joining the following elements: large
font with a small font, serif and sans serif, thin elements with thin elements, cool
color and warm color.

B. Visual-based Presentation

1. Visual media and information – materials, programs, applications and the like that
teachers and students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the
use, analysis, evaluation and production of visual images.

2. Types of visual media – photography, video, screenshots, infographics, data

visualization (charts and graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-
taking, etc. (Give examples of each type and highlight special characteristics of a
given type and its application).

3. Formally and informally produced visual media – visual media produced by formal
organizations such as schools, government, and established media/publishing
outfits are considered formally produced. Other visual media are considered
informally produced.
4
4. Purpose of visual information – the primary purpose of visual information is to gain
attention, create meaning, and facilitate retention. (Show at least one example for
each purpose and ask learners their reactions or responses to each one).

5. Visual design elements - the building blocks or basic units in the construction of a
visual image. (Show visual media and information that incorporates most of the
design elements. Point out why these elements are important).

The Design Elements are:

a. Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick
or thin. Lines may be actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or
contour lines.

b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the space next to or
around it, or because of differences in value, color, or texture. Shape may
also be organic.

c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between
black and white and all the tones in between. Value can be used with color
as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme changes between
values.

d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be

added to attract or repel interest to a visual element. Visual texture is the
illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling
ofsmoothness or roughness in objects.

e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue),
and value (lightness or darkness of hue). Color and color combination can
play a large role in the design. Color may be used for emphasis, or may elicit
emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major
role in our visual perception, as it influences our reactions about the world
around us. It is therefore important to create color palettes that evoke the
appropriate audience reactions. Color has three properties.

f. Form – a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-dimensional

object can be implied with the use of light and shading. Form can be viewed
from many angles.

Guiding Principles in Visual Design

1. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is necessary, especially

in slide presentations or documents that are more than one page.

2. Center of interest – an area that first attracts attention in a composition. This area
is more important when compared to the other objects or elements in a
composition. This can be by contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the
format.

5
3. Balance – a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc. Balance can
be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or asymmetrical and unevenly balanced.
Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used in creating
balance in a composition.

4. Harmony – brings together a composition with similar units. If for example your
composition was using wavy lines and organic shapes, you would stay with those
types of lines and not put in just one geometric shape. (Notice how similar Harmony
is to Unity – some sources list both terms).

5. Contrast – offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition.

Contrast shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background
to bring objects out and forward in a design. It can also be used to create an area
of emphasis.

6. Directional Movement – a visual flow through the composition. It can be the

suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to object by way of
placement and position. Directional movement can be created with a value pattern.
It is with the placement of dark and light areas that you can move your attention
through the format.

7. Rhythm – a movement in which some elements recur regularly. Like a dance, it

will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like the beat of music.

8. Perspective – created through the arrangement of objects in two-dimensional

space to look like they appear in real life. Perspective is a learned meaning of the
relationship between different objects seen in space.

6
C. Audio-based Presentation

Directions: Watch a video clip of a Charlie Chaplin movie (silent movie) without
an audio. Answer the following questions below.

1. How did you find the experience of watching something without audio?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Are you used to media that use multiple forms and channels? Explain.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3. How does convergence of media become prevalent in our daily lives?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Do you agree that audio is a powerful tool to set the mood and convey emotions
that visuals cannot? Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

D. Motion-based Presentation
Directions: Read the instructions and follow them carefully.

1. Give 3 examples of motion media and information that you are already familiar
with.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Cite your source of information in the answers you have given.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

E. Manipulative-based Presentation

Directions: Interacting with Social media. Answer the following questions

below.

a. What is your experience using a social media account for example, Facebook,
Instagram, Twitter, etc.?
________________________________________________________________

b. Why do you think Facebook is very popular? How do you interact with their social
media accounts?
________________________________________________________________

7
c. Given the infographic on the “Top Ten Most Popular Actions on Facebook,”which
actions have you already done on Facebook?
________________________________________________________________

d. Which actions are interactive? Why?

________________________________________________________________

e. What action can a Facebook user provide Facebook to a certain content?

________________________________________________________________

What’s More

A. Text-Based Presentation
Poster

Below is your guide in planning your poster.

1. Target Audience Who are the possible readers of this

poster?

3. Sender/Author Who is the author of this poster?

3. Key Content What is the tone of the text in the

poster? What are the sample phrases
or taglines that you will?
What are the facts/figures that you
will include in the poster?

4. Purpose What is the intention of the poster?

5. Form/Style What are the font types, colors and

shapes that you will use in the
poster? What are the words or
phrases that you need to emphasize
in the poster? How will you organize
your text elements?

56. Medium / Format What are the blank of the brochure? -

paper type, texture, glossy, matte,
folding (threefold, teo-fold), full color,
black and white, totally online

In the bottom part of a poster, include an explanation (150-200 words) about a

campaign. You perform the activity using a desktop publishing software. Your output
will be rated based on the rubrics on the next page.

8
 Source: www.uen.org

B. Visual-based Presentation

Discuss the following survey results about “The Power of Visual Content” by
DemandGen Report (2014):
a. Forty percent of people will respond better to visual information than plain
text.
b. Publishers who use infographics grow in traffic an average of 12% more
than those who don’t.
c. Eighty percent of what is seen is retained.
d. Conversions increase by 86 percent when videos are used in a landing
page.
e. Twenty percent of words on a web page is read by the average user.
f. Landing pages with videos are 40 times more shareable.

Source: http://www.demandgenreport.com/industry-topics/rich-media/2906-the-power-of-
visual-content- infographic

9
C. Audio-Based Presentation

Types and Categories of Audio Information

1. Listen to the different audio files and identify each type.
a. Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a
wide audience.
b. Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to
produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed
and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious
or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product.
c. Sound recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the
environment.
d. Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than music or speech, artificially
reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation, as the sound of a
storm or a creaking door.
e. Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a
themed series, that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or
computer.

2. Discuss the different ways of storing audio media:

a. Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded.
b. CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing, and playing
back audio, video, and computer data.
c. USB drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key ring, that
can be used with any computer that has a USB port.
d. Memory Card - (aka flash memory card or storage card) is a small storage
medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on
small, portable, or remote computing devices.
e. Computer hard drive - secondary storage devices for storing audio files.
f. Internet/Cloud - websites or file repositories for retrieving audio files, and more
precisely the files are stored in some datacenter full of servers that is
connected to the Internet.

3. Discuss the different audio file formats:

a. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as
a standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music
on most digital audio players.
b. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard
for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3
format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit
rates.
c. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream
on PCs. It has become a standard file format for game sounds, among others.
d. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression technology
developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player.

10
Hearing vs Listening
1. Listen to the short audio clip. (Note: This audio clip is a monologue in French):
2. Did you hear the audio or did you listen to the audio?
3. Differentiate between hearing and listening.
4. Explain the difference between hearing and listening:

Sound Characteristics and Purposes

1. From the given illustration of a stereo or sound mixer, identify the different
controls(knobs) and their uses.
2. What are the characteristics of sound: volume, tone, pitch, loudness.
3. Discuss the purposes of using sound or audio media:
a. Give instruction or information
b. Provide feedback
c. To personalize or customize

4. Discuss the elements and principles of sound design:

a. Elements of Sound Design – the objects or things that we have to work with:
• Dialogue - speech, conversation, voice-over.
• Sound Effects - any sound other than music or dialogue.
• Music - vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way
as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
• Silence - absence of audio or sound.

b. Principles of Sound Design – the techniques for combining the different

elements or objects.
• Mixing - the combination, balance and control of multiple sound
elements.
• Pace - Time control. Editing. Order of events: linear, non-linear, or
multi-linear.
• Transitions - How you get from one segment or element to another.
Types of transitions:
✓ Segue - one element stops, the next begins ("cut" in film).
✓ Cross-fade - one element fades out, the next fades in, and they
overlap on the way.
✓ V-Fade - First element fades to inaudible before the second element
begins.
✓ Fade to Black - V-Fade with some silence between elements.
✓ Waterfall - As first element fades out, the second element begins at
full volume. Better for voice transitions, than for effects.
• Stereo Imaging - Using left and right channel for depth.

11
D. Motion-based Presentation
Motion Media
---In motion media:
✓ each picture is a frame and that motion is created by rendering or showing
consecutively several frames per second.
✓ 24 frames (pictures) or more per second makes for a smooth animation.;
videos, film, slides also make use of frames.
✓ the series of graphics or images follow a sequence to create a story. This
sequence is often called a storyboard which shows a set of components (audio,
visual, videos, etc) changing in time to create a story or a message.

---Motion media can be produced formally and informally. Informally produced motion
media are created by individuals often for personal use. Formally produced motion
media are created by professionals who follow industry standards in creating, editing
and producing motion media. Formal production of animations involves the following
steps:
✓ writing the story - writers and directors create the story board
✓ script is written and dialogue is recorded
✓ animators sketch major scenes; inbetweeners fill in the gaps
✓ background music and background details are added
✓ drawings are rendered
✓ Videos are produced in the same manner except that instead of drawing the
scenes they are acted out and shot. Once the scenes have been shot, all clips
are edited and put together in a final product.

Design Principles of Motion Media and Information

Design principles of motion media and information revolve around the following
essential elements:

1. Speed can be constant or variable. The tone of the movement can be

highlighted by the speed coupled with music. A fast movement gives vigor and
vitality, intensifying emotions. A slow movement connotes lethargy, solemnity
or sadness.

2. Direction can indicate a movement from one direction to another. It can

also refer to the growing or shrinking of an object. As objects move, the
background must remain in scale with the object.

3. Motion Path refers to the route that the object will take. It shows the change
in direction of a movement. It is important to note the triggers to the change in
direction of an object. These triggers are often key objects or events in a story.

4. Timing can be objective or subjective. Objective timing can be measured in

minutes, seconds, days, etc. Subjective timing is psychological or felt. Objective
timing is used to produce subjective timing. Timing can be used to clarify or
intensify the message or the event. Using a pause can help time the events.

12
 5. These elements when used with other forms of media and information
such as audio, visual and people media create movement that convey
different emotions, impact and results.

Design Principles in Creating Movement

1. Speed, direction and timing should depict natural laws of physics. This included
trajectories, impact on objects and reactions of the environment.

2. Timing affects recall. Fast movement sends much information Slow movement
provides emphasis and lasting recall.

3. Transitions are used to switch between scenes. Having a clear start and finish in
your motion path or scenes Using neutral colors at the start or end of a scene is a
good method for creating the right mindset. It is important to know which type of
transition to use as this sets the tone for the next event and should provide a
smooth connection from one event to another.

4. Sound and color add depth and meaning to movement.

5. Cartooning your graphic and text provides dynamic movement. This can be done
by using the following movements: stretching, rotating, squashing

6. Blurring can be used in different ways. In animation, blurring can provide the
illusion of fast movement. In videos, it is often used to censor information for
security or decency.

7. Always review the purpose of the movement. Movement is not added for the sake
of it.

E. Manipulative-based Presentation

Interacting with Social Media

1. What are the different ways of interacting with the Internet?

a. Online shopping - compare prices; compare features of similar items; add to
cart; choose payment type; track delivery; get advice from experts; search
products; check local availability; get product recommendations.
b. Online gaming - choose a game; play with computer; play with others; choose a
level, in-game customization, etc.
c. Online classes - interact with content; interact with instructors; interact with
classmates.
d. Chat - group chat; search groups; search friends; translate language.
e. News and information - exchange information; give reaction; news on demand;
monitor views.
f. Videos - choose your own adventure; get multimedia content; experience game
elements.

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2. What are some of the types of interactivity and their purposes?
a. Click on images
b. Hotspot - a special region to act as a trigger to another web page. The hotspot
could be a circle, triangle, rectangle or polygon.
c. Rollover - an image or portion of an image that changes in appearance when
the mouse cursor moves over it.
d. Tabs - clicking on them displays a relevant content with an appropriate graphic.
e. Timeline - a menu slide that branches to different events.
f. Numbers/processes - the number of clicks and the time spent in an interactive
function provide data points.
g. Slideshow - non-linear interactive slideshow where the pathway through the
show is determined by the user's interaction with it.
h. Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
i. Flip cards - a card that when clicked flips to display a description and other
information.

3. Discuss with the students the following emerging interactive media:

a. Interactive television - also known as ITV or iTV. A form of media convergence,
adding data services to traditional television technology. Throughout its history,
these have included on-demand delivery of content, as well as new uses such
as online shopping, banking, and so forth. ITV enables the viewer to issue
commands and give feedback information through an electronic device called
a setup box. The viewer can select which program or movie to watch, at what
time, and can place orders in response to commercials. New setup boxes also
allow access to email and e-commerce applications via internet.
b. Allow viewers to participate in games shows - viewers compete with on-screen
contestants
c. Select alternate endings to their favorite program
d. Encourage children to interact with educational programs

Making an Online Form

1. Determine a topic for survey research.

2. Identify at least 5 questions to use for the survey.
3. Using any Internet application or computer software, create an online form that can
then be filled up by your classmates.
4. After gathering the answered forms of your classmates, collate the data and save
it on a worksheet. Create charts or graphs to display the survey results
5. Write a survey problem, present the data in graphical form, and give their data
analysis of the results.
6. Write a short reflection about the activity, and how it might have helped you become
more media-literate.

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Interacting with the Internet

Do each activity and follow the instructions given.

1. Social Media:
a. Name at least 5 actions that give social media its interactivity.
b. Interact with your teacher’s social media account by doing the 5 actions you
have listed.
c. Write a brief evaluation or assessment of the social media you used,
focusing on the following:
✓ Social media as a means of communicating to people
✓ Interactivity of social media
✓ Social media as a way of posting of news
✓ Other features you would like incorporated, or how it could be improved

2. Online Diagnostic Exam:

a. Search for an online psychological test on the Internet.
b. Take the test and submit your results either through email or printout.
c. Write a brief evaluation or assessment on the diagnostic exam taken,
focusing on the following:
✓ The practicality of an online diagnostic exam
✓ Interactivity of an online exam
✓ Other features you would like incorporated, or how it could be improved

3. Online Game:
a. Search for an online game, read the description and detailed specifications.
b. List all the interactive actions that are available for game.
c. Write a brief evaluation or assessment on the online game played, focusing
on the following:
✓ The enjoyment or entertainment from a game online
✓ Interactivity of an online game
✓ Other features you would like incorporated, or how it could be improved

4. Online Shopping:
a. Go to an online shopping site.
b. Choose items to purchase and add to cart.
c. Determine the total price of all items to be purchased.
d. Screenshot (PrintScreen) the list of items and their price.
e. Submit a copy of the screenshot through email.
f. Write a brief evaluation or assessment on the online shopping experience,
focusing on the following:
✓ As a means of communicating to people
✓ Interactivity of online shopping
✓ Other features you would like incorporated, or how it could be improved

15
 What I Have Learned

A. Text-based Presentation

Making Typography Posters

1. Identify an advocacy or issue that you would like to campaign about through a
typography poster design. The campaign poster will have a statement consisting
of 10-20 words. Poster statement example: “Let our children learn and play. Keep
them in schools. Stop child labor.”

2. Be reminded of the principles of design. Bearing in mind the principle of contrast,

make some text elements large or bold while other text elements are thin or small
to create visual interest. You may also use basic shapes, lines, and some symbols
in this design activity.
Presentations
1. Students will do a “gallery walk.” Each is given three-star stickers. Have them go
around the different stations and vote for their three favorite campaign posters
using the stickers. A prize may be given to the poster with the most number of
stickers.

2. Answer the following questions for reflection:

a. Why did you choose this advocacy or issue for this campaign poster?
b. How effective do you think is your message to your target audience?

Rubrics on Typography Campaign Poster

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Communication The There is There is little sign The poster is
to the combination of evidence of the of mutual either empty
audience elements takes use of text and reinforcement and plain or
communication other elements among the text confusing and
to a combined to elements. There cluttered.
superior level adequately is some tendency
deliver a high toward random
impact use of elements
message. to communicate
the message.

Organization of The The There is an There is no

elements (font organization of organization of organization of clear
types, shapes, elements is element is clear the elements but organization of
color, etc.) smartly thought and direct. it is confusing. the elements
of.

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 Spelling and Most words are Most words are Words are chosen Words are
readability carefully carefully with less care; chosen with less
chosen; writing chosen; writing writing is care; writing is
is clear and is clear and sometimes sometimes
legible. Most legible. Most unclear. Most unclear; some
words are words are words are spelled words are
spelled correctly spelled correctly correctly and is spelled
and proper and proper grammatically incorrectly and
punctuation is punctuation is correct. proper
employed employed. punctuation is
not employed

Typography project rubric (2016, February 8). Retrieved from

http://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=U787A3&sp=true
Rubric for poster (2016, February 8). Retrieved from http://ced.ncsu.edu/mmania/

B. Visual-based Presentation

From the given magazine cutouts, evaluate the visual by filling up the media
and information design framework worksheet.

Components Guide Questions Answers

Target Audience Who is the intended audience?

Sender/Author Who is the producer?

Purpose What is the purpose?

Key Content What is the topic or message?

What are the facts?

Form / Style How was the information

presented? Did it make use of
appropriate design elements and
principles?

Medium / Format Is this the best platform to use?

Why?

Infographic
Components Guide Questions Answers
Target Audience Who are the possible readers of this
infographic?
Sender/Author Who is the author of this
infographic?

17
Key content What is the tone of the text in the
infographic?
What are the sample phrases or
taglines that you will use to relate
the information?
What are the facts/figures that you
will include in the infographic?
Purpose What is the intention of the
infographic?
Form / Style What are the font types, colors and
shapes that you will use in the
infographic?
What are the words or phrases that
you need to emphasize in the
infographic?
How will you organize your text and
visual elements?
Medium / Format Is this the best platform to use?
Why?

Rubrics on Infographics
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1
Content Content is Content is Content is Content is Content is
accurate and all accurate but accurate but questionable. inaccurate.
required some required some required Information is Information is
information is information information not presented in not presented
presented in a is missing and/or is missing and/or a logical order, in a logical
logical not presented in a not presented in a making it difficult order, making
order. logical order, but is logical order, to follow. it difficult to
still generally making it difficult follow.
easy to follow. to follow.

Presentation of Presentation Presentation flows Presentation flows Presentation is Presentation

Information flows well and well. Tools are well. Some tools unorganized. has no flow.
logically. used correctly. are used to Tools are not Insufficient
Presentation Each member’s show acceptable used in a information
reflects information is understanding. relevant manner. and
extensive use of represented Each member’s Lacking some of lacking some
tools in a and identified with information is the members’ of the
creative way. their name. represented information/ and member’s
Each member’s Overall and identified with or information is information.
information is presentation is their name. not identified
represented and interesting
identified with
their name.

Use of Visual Design Use of visual Visual design Layout is cluttered. Most visual No visual
Elements design elements elements are design design
(point, line, shape, are appropriate. appropriate. elements are elements
value, texture, and Layout is appropriate used.
color) pleasing to the Visual design
eye. elements are
inappropriate or
layout is messy.

18
 Use of Visual Design Use of visual A visual design Two visual design Many visual No effort was
Principles design principles principle is principles are design made to
(consistency of are used violated. violated. principles were employ correct
margins; typeface; appropriately. used visual design
typestyle; and colors; inappropriately principles.
balance, perspective,
harmony, unity,
movement, and
variety)

Mechanics No spelling Few spelling Some spelling Some spelling Many spelling
errors. No errors. Few errors. Some errors. Some and or
grammar errors. grammar errors. grammar errors. grammar errors. grammar
Text is in Text is in authors’ Text is in authors’ Most of text is in errors.
authors’ own own words. own words. authors’ own Text is copied.
words. words.

Rubric adapted from Teacher Planet via http://teacherplanet.com

C. Audio-based Presentation

Producing Podcasts

1. Design a podcast about your school, class subject, or a class or school activity or
advocacy.
2. Create a 5-minute podcast on a chosen topic using any recording device and
computer software.
3. Study the general procedure for creating a podcast:
a. Planning - choosing a topic and answering the guide questions
b. Pre-recording - choosing your equipment and software for recording
c. Creating your Podcast - audio recording and converting to MP3
d. Uploading your Podcast - choosing where to upload through RSS Feed
4. Share in your social media account your Podcast.
5. See the rubrics for assessment of your output.
6. After completing the activity, have each group submit their output (podcast) to the
Edmodo class.
7. Write a short reflection on what you learned about podcasts, as well as the
importance of sound or audio in media production.

Rubrics on Podcast
Category Exemplary Proficient Partially proficient Incomplete Points
5-6 pts 3-4 pts 2pts 0-1 pt
Catchy and clever Describes the topic Somewhat engaging Irrelevant or
introduction. and engages the (covers well- known inappropriate
Provides relevant audience as the topic), and provides topic that
Introduction information and introduction a vague purpose. minimally
establishes a clear proceeds. engages listener.
purpose engaging Does not include
the listener an introduction or
immediately. the purpose is
vague and
unclear
8-10 pts 4-7pts 2-3 pts 0-1 pt
Creativity and Accurate information Some information is Information is
Content original content is provided inaccurate or long- inaccurate.
enhance the succinctly. winded.
purpose of the
podcast in an
innovative way.
Accurate information
and succinct
concepts are
presented

19
 5-6 pts 3-4 pts 2 pts 0-1 pt
Well-rehearsed, Rehearsed, smooth Appears Delivery is
smooth delivery in a delivery. unrehearsed with hesitant and
conversational style. Enunciation, uneven delivery. choppy and
Highly effective expression, pacing Enunciation, sounds like the
Delivery enunciation and are effective expression, rhythm presenter is
presenter's speech throughout the is sometimes reading.
is clear and podcast. Correct distracting during Enunciation of
intelligible. Correct grammar is used the podcast. spoken word is
grammar is used during the podcast. Occasionally distant and
throughout the incorrect grammar is muddled and not
podcast. used during the clear. Poor
podcast. grammar is used
throughout the
podcast.
5-6 pts 3-4 pts 2 pts 0-1 pt
Open ended Open ended Open ended Only yes-or-no
questions are used questions and questions and questions are
Interview that draw interesting follow-up questions follow-up questions used. No follow-
and relevant are used are occasionally up questions are
information from the appropriately. irrelevant to the asked.
interviewee. topic
5-6 pts 3-4 pts 2 pts 0-1 pt
The The The The graphics are
graphics/artwork graphics/artwork (if graphics/artwork (if unrelated to the
used (if any) creates used) relates to the used) sometimes podcast. Artwork
an effective audio and reinforces enhances the quality is inappropriate
presentation and content and and understanding to podcast.
enhance the demonstrates of the presentation. Music is
podcast. Music functionality. Music Music provides distracting to
Graphic and enhances the mood, provides supportive somewhat presentation.
Music quality, and background to the distracting Copyright
Enhancement understanding of the podcast. Graphic background to the infringement is
presentation. All and music podcast. Use of obvious.
graphic and music enhancements are copyrighted works is
enhancements are owned by the questionable.
owned by the creator of the
creator of the podcast or copyright
podcast or copyright cleared.
cleared.
5-6 pts 3-4 pts 2 pts 0-1 pt
Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is
recorded in a quiet recorded in a quiet recorded in a semi- recorded in a
environment without environment with quiet environment noisy
background noise minimal background with some environment with
and distractions. noise and background noise constant
Transitions are distractions. and distractions. background
Technical smooth and spaced Transitions are Transitions are noise and
Production correctly without smooth with a uneven with distractions.
noisy, dead space. minimal amount of inconsistent Transitions are
Podcast length ambient noise. spacing; ambient abrupt and
keeps the audience Podcast length noise is present. background
interested and keeps audience Podcast length is noise needs to
engaged. listening. somewhat long or be filtered.
somewhat short to Podcast is either
keep audience too long or too
engaged. short to keep the
audience
engaged.
TOTAL /40 pts

Source: Ann Bell, Instructor, Learning Applications for the iPod® and Handheld Computers

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 What I Can Do

A. Text-based Presentation

1. Create a brochure for a client with specific needs. You may choose on one of the
topics:
a. Tourism Campaign – This brochure will invite the readers to spend their
summer vacation in your city.
b. Election Campaign – This brochure will promote to the readers a local
politician who will run for mayor in the upcoming election.
c. School Admission – This brochure will advertise to the readers a
college/university in your place.
d. Community Advisory – This brochure will inform the readers about the new
policy for garbage collection schedule and segregation in your community.

Component Guide Questions Answers

Target Audience Who are the possible readers of this
brochure?
Sender/Author Who is the author of this brochure?
Key content What is the tone of the text in the
brochure? What are the sample
phrases or taglines that you will?
What are the facts/figures that you will
include in the brochure?
Purpose What is the intention of the brochure?
Form/Style What are the font types/colors/
highlightsthat you will use in the
brochure?
What are the words or phrases that you
need to emphasize in the brochure?
Medium / Format What are the blank of the brochure? -
paper type, texture, glossy, matte
• folding (three-fold, two-fold)
• full color, black and white
Aside from the brochure, what other
textbased formats that you can use to
deliver your message?

B. Visual-based Presentation

Making infographics

1. Research facts and figures about a social or ethical issue on media and information
literacy.
2. Create an infographic to show the facts and figures visually. (Alternatively, if
research takes a long time or is not practical, you can present facts and figures
about yourselves or topics you are familiar with instead).

21
C. Audio-based Presentation

1. Play your podcast to the class.

2. Give your classmate the opportunity to comment or critique the presentation
using a rubric to assess your classmate’s output.
3. Write a short paragraph evaluating the activity and have them post their
paragraphs on their ePortfolio.

D. Motion-based Presentation

Reflection
1. Answer the following questions and include it in your ePortfolio:
✓ What are the best three motion media that you have seen?
✓ What makes these motion media memorable?
✓ Other reflections on motion media and information that you may want to
share.

2. Watch an old commercial/advertisement. You may use this video collection of

commercials from Youtube: The Best Commercials in the Philippines (2010
2015). Retrieved form: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHPfCAvXHpY

Guide Questions:
✓ What are the various movements in the video that contribute to the
message?
✓ How are the different elements of motion design used in the video?
3. Think about the future of TV News Broadcasting. Give 5 ways we may soon be
able to interact with a TV news broadcast.

E. Manipulative-based Presentation

The Design Process

1. Explain the design process.

a. Pre-production- research, storyboarding, plan,
b. Production- creating the product
c. Post-Production- evaluation, redesign, documentation
d. Presentation- showcasing, gathering of comments

2. Create a five-minute video presentation for your electronic portfolio, showcasing

your previous projects:
✓ Lesson 2: timeline of exposure to traditional/new media
✓ Lesson 3: essay about information literacy
✓ Lesson 4: sketch on how media is affecting everyday life
✓ Lesson 5: essay on media and information sources
✓ Lesson 6: presentation on latest technology trends
✓ Lesson 7: oral presentation on legal, ethical and societal issue
✓ Lesson 8: 500-word essay about the transformative power of media and
information

22
✓ Lesson 9: prototype of future media and information
✓ Lesson 10: reflection and artefacts on the class debate on the impact of MIL
✓ Lesson 11: report on the effect of social media
✓ Lesson 12: text-based presentation- typography poster
✓ Lesson 13: visual-based presentation- infographics
✓ Lesson 14: audio-based presentation- podcast
✓ Lesson 15: motion-based presentation- storyboard and video
✓ Lesson 16: manipulative/interactive presentation- online survey

Checklist for Multimedia Activity

23
Summary

1. Text-based Presentation. Guiding principles and elements design are as follows:

emphasis, appropriateness, proximity, alignment, organization, repetition and
contrast.

2. There are guiding principles in visual design, namely: consistency, center of intent,
balance, harmony, contrast, directional movement, rhythm, and perspective.

3. Audio. There are principles to be considered on sound design, namely: mixing,

pace, transition, and stereo imaging.

4. Motion-Based Presentation. Each picture is a frame and that motion is created by

rendering or sharing several frames per sounds.

5. Manipulative-Based Presentation. I interacting with social media, making an online

form and interacting with internet.

24
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer
from among the given choices.

1. Which is a formal source of text?

A. Personal e-mails C. Text message
B. Blogs D. Advertisements

2. Which principle in designing text refers to how the text is positioned in the page?
A. Emphasis C. Alignment
B. Proximity D. Repetition

3. Which visual design element is usually a geometric area that stands out from the
space next to or around it, or because of differences in value, color, or texture?
A. Line B. Shape C. Value D. Texture

4. What visual design principle is created through the arrangement of objects in two
dimensional space to look like they appear in real life?
A. Directional Movement C. Harmony
B. Perspective D. Center of Interest

5. Which one is one way of storing audio media?

A. Podcast B. Radio C. Internet/Cloud D. MP3

6. Which is one of the purposes of using sound or audio media?

A. give instruction or information C. personalize or customize texts
B. provide feedback through a video D. provide diagrams for analysis

7. Which is a basic method on determining the credibility of motion media?

A. Sole Review and Verification C. Tampering of actual event
B. Validity of Information D. Secondary Information Acquisition

8. Which is one of the advantages of motion media and information?

A. It captures motion in a manner that can be viewed in a limited time.
B. It can show processes in detail in a non-linear manner.
C. It can cut across different cultures and groups
D. It allows scenes, history, events and phenomenon to be imitated.

9. Which platform of interactive media enables a three-dimensional effect, so that

viewers perceive that an image has depth as well as height and width, similar to
objects in the real world?
A. Mobile apps B. 3D TV C. Video Games D. RPG

10. Which type of interactivity in social media refers to a menu slide that branches to
different events?
A. Click on Images B. Hotspot C. Rollover D. Timeline

25