Natural Language Processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the ability of a computer
program to understand human language as it's spoken and written is
referred to as natural language. It's a component of artificial
intelligence. Example of NLP are Smart assistants,Search results,
Predictive text,Language, translation Digital phone calls,Data
analysis,Text analytics.
Benefits of nlp:
NLP is useful for personal assistants such as Alexa, enabling
the virtual assistant to understand spoken word commands.
It also helps to quickly find relevant information from databases
containing millions of documents in seconds.
NLP TECHNIQUES
NLP encompasses a wide array of techniques that aimed at enabling
computers to process and understand human language. These tasks
can be categorized into several broad areas, each addressing
different aspects of language processing. Here are some of the key
NLP techniques:
1. Text Processing and Preprocessing In NLP:
Tokenization: Dividing text into smaller units, such as words or
sentences.
Stemming and Lemmatization: Reducing words to their base or root
forms.
Stopword Removal: Removing common words (like “and”, “the”,
“is”) that may not carry significant meaning.
Text Normalization: Standardizing text, including case normalization,
removing punctuation, and correcting spelling errors.
2. Syntax and Parsing In NLP:
Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging: Assigning parts of speech to each
word in a sentence (e.g., noun, verb, adjective).
Dependency Parsing: Analyzing the grammatical structure of a
sentence to identify relationships between words.
Constituency Parsing: Breaking down a sentence into its constituent
parts or phrases (e.g., noun phrases, verb phrases).
3.Semantic Analysis:
Named Entity Recognition (NER):
Identifying and classifying entities in text, such as names of
people, organizations, locations, dates, etc.
Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD): Determining which meaning of a
word is used in a given context.
Coreference Resolution: Identifying when different words refer to the
same entity in a text (e.g., “he” refers to “John”).
4. Information Extraction
Entity Extraction: Identifying specific entities and their relationships
within the text.
Relation Extraction: Identifying and categorizing the relationships
between entities in a text.
5. Text Classification in NLP:
Sentiment Analysis: Determining the sentiment or emotional tone
expressed in a text (e.g., positive, negative, neutral).
Topic Modeling: Identifying topics or themes within a large collection
of documents.
Spam Detection: Classifying text as spam or not spam.
6. Language Generation:
Machine Translation: Translating text from one language to another.
Text Summarization: Producing a concise summary of a larger text.
Text Generation:Automatically generating coherent and contextually
relevant text.
7. Speech Processing:
Speech Recognition: Converting spoken language into text.
Text-to-Speech (TTS) Synthesis: Converting written text into
spoken language.
8. Question Answering:
Retrieval-Based QA: Finding and returning the most relevant text
passage in response to a query.
Generative QA: Generating an answer based on the information
available in a text corpus.
9. Dialogue Systems:
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: Enabling systems to engage in
conversations with users, providing responses and performing
tasks based on user input.
10. Sentiment and Emotion Analysis in NLP:
Emotion Detection: Identifying and categorizing emotions
expressed in text.
Opinion Mining: Analyzing opinions or reviews to understand
public sentiment toward products, services, or topics.
