University of Cape Town

Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

Mathematics II Advanced Calculus (2AC)
Class Test 2 9th May 2007
Time: 1.5 hrs

Solutions Section A

1. We introduce L(x, y, z, λ) = x + 2y + 3z − λ(x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 1). So, if (x, y, z) is an extremum

of f on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, then we have
∂L
= 1 − 2λx = 0
∂x
∂L
= 2 − 2λy = 0 1 1 3
X ∂y ⇒ x= ,y= ,z= X
∂L 2λ λ 2λ
= 3 − 2λz = 0
∂z
∂L
= x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 1 = 0
∂λ
We substitute x, y and z into the last equation and get
r
1 1 9 7
2
+ 2 + 2 = 1X ⇒ λ = ± X.
4λ λ 4λ 2
q q
Thus we get the points (− √114 , − 27 , − √314 )Xof minimum and ( √114 , 27 , √314 )Xof maximum.
[6]

2. Given the transformation T : R2 → R2 defined by T (x, y) = (u, v) with u = x − y and

v = x + y. Consider the region R bounded by the lines x + y = π2 , x + y = π, the x-axis
and y-axis.

(i) The region R.

(ii) The region T (D)

(iii)
ZZ Z π Z v Z
2 2 1 2 1 π 3
(x − 2xy + y ) cos(x + y)dxdy = u cos v × dudvX = v cos vdvX
R π
2
−v 2 3 π2
1h 3 iπ Z π π3 h 2 iπ Z π
2
= v sin v π − v sin vdv = − + v cos v π − 2 v cos vdv
3 2
π
2
24 2
π
2
h iπ Z π
π3 2 π3
= − − π − 2 v sin v π + 2 sin vdv = − − π 2 + π + 2 ≈ −6.02X
24 2
π
2
24

1
 [1, 2, 3]

3. Consider the region R in

√ the first quadrant bounded by the circles x2 +y 2 = 4 and x2 +y 2 = 9
1
and the two lines y = 3x and y = √3 x.
ZZ Z π Z 3
3
2 2
x y dxdy = r5 cos2 θ sin2 θdrdθ
π
R 6
2

Limits for θ XX; limits for rX; integrand X [4]

Z "Z π ·Z ¸ #
2π 4
2
4. Describe and sketch the solid whose volume is given by ρ2 sin φdρ dφ dθ .
0 0 1
S is a piece of right circular coneXlying between the spheres centered at the origin with
radii 1Xand 2X. [3]

5. We seek the area of the graph of the function z = x2 + y 2 over the region
D = {(x, y): x2 + y 2 ≤ 4}X. So,
ZZ p Z 2π Z 2 √ Z 2√
A = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dxdyX = 1 + 4r2 rdrdθ = 2π 1 + 4r2 rdrXX
D 0 0 0
πh i2 π √
= (1 + 4r2 )3/2 X = (( 17)3 − 1) ≈ 36.18X
6 0 6
[6]

6. Change of the order of integration:

Z 4 Z 3x Z 3Z 4
4
(i) f (x, y)dydx = f (x, y)dxdy; Limits of yX; limits of xXX
4y
0 0 0 3

Z 2 Z √4−y2 Z 2 Z √
4−x2
(ii) f (x, y)dxdy = √
f (x, y)dydx. Limits of xX; limits of yXX
−2 0 0 − 4−x2

[3, 3]

2
 Section B Full Marks: 12
In this section, indicate only the correct answer by filling in a, b, c, d, or e in the relevant
box provided on the attached sheet. Working will not be marked.

1. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true:

ZZ p
2 2 2 2πa3 2
(i) Given a > 0. If D = {(x, y) ∈ R : x +y ≤ a }, then a2 − x2 − y 2 dxdy = .
D 3
Z 2πZ 3Z 3
(ii) The integral dzdrdθ represents the volume of the solid bounded by the cone
p 0 0 r
z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = 3.
x+y y
(iii) The transformation T : R2 → R2 defined by (u, v) = T (x, y) with u = and v =
2 2
maps the curve 2x2 + 4xy + 4y 2 = 8 into the unit circle u2 + v 2 = 1.
Z 1 Z √x Z 1+x+y Z 1 Z 1 Z 1+x+y
(iv) dzdydx = √
dzdxdy
0 0 0 0 y 0

(a) (ii), (iii), (iv); (b) (i), (iii), (iv); (c) (ii), (iv); (d) (i), (iii); (e) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv).
[4]

2. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?

(i) If the function f : R3 → R is differentiable and achieves its maximum value on the
sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 at the point (x0 , y0 , z0 ) then ∇f (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is parallel to the
vector r 0 = 21 (x0 , y0 , z0 ).
2 2
(ii) The volume of the solid lying inside the cylinder
Z Z x Z+y = 1 and between the paraboloid 2π 1 1
z = x2 + y 2 and the xy-plane is given by rdzdrdθ.
0 0 r2
(iii) If T is a transformation defined by (x, y) = T (u, v) mapping the plane region D into
T (D) and f is a continuous function, then
ZZ ZZ
∂(x, y)
f (x, y)dxdy = f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) dudv
T (D) D ∂(u, v)
(iv) The area of the part of the surface z = xy inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 is
ZZ p
1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy where D = {(x, y): x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}
D

(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); (b) (ii), (iii); (c) (iii), (iv); (d) (i), (ii), (iii); (e) (i), (iv).
[4]

3. Given b > a > 0. The volume of the solid lying inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = a2 and between
the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and the plane z = b is:
Z 2π Z a Z b Z 2π Z a Z b Z 2π Z b Z b
(a) √
rdzdrdθ ; (b) rdzdrdθ ; (c) rdzdrdθ ;
0 0 a2 −r2 0 0 r2 0 0 r2

Z π Z bZ b Z 2π Z a Z b
(d) √
rdzdrdθ ; (e) √
dzdrdθ .
0 0 b2 −r2 0 0 a2 −r2
[4]