241ME1A33TI - Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydraulics

UNIT-I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID PRESSURE

Fluid flow- Newton’s law of viscosity- Newtonian and Non-Newtonian
Fluid- Ideal and Real Fluids-Properties of Fluids- mass density, weight
density and specific gravity. Dynamic viscosity-kinematic viscosity-
Properties of pressure-atmospheric pressure, vacuum, partial vacuum,
absolute zero pressure, gauge pressure-Pascal’s Law-Buoyancy and
Floatation – Meta- centric height – stability of floating and submerged
bodies.
Part A
1. Give the properties of ideal fluid.
2. Define Weight density.
3. What is specific gravity? How is it related to density?
4. Calculate the specific weight and specific gravity of 1 litre of a liquid which
weighs 7 N.
5. Define Newton’s law of Viscosity.
6. Draw the shear stress-velocity gradient profile for Newtonian fluids.
7. Differentiate compressible and incompressible fluids. Give suitable examples.
8. Give some examples for Viscous fluid.
9. Analyze non-Newtonian fluids. Give suitable examples.
10. Differentiate kinematic viscosity with dynamic viscosity.
11. Analyze the effect of temperature on viscosity of liquids and gases.
12. Define surface tension.
13. Define the term capillarity.
14. What is meant by vapor pressure of a fluid?
15. What is the effect of cavitation?
16. Define steady and unsteady flow.

PART -B (13MARKS)
1. Explain various classifications of fluids with the help of a stress-strain
graph. Give suitable examples.

2. Explain various properties of fluids

3. The space between two square flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each
side of the plate is 60 cm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The
upper plate, which moves at 2.5 m/s requires a force of 98.1 N to maintain
the speed. Determine (i)dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise. (7)
(ii)kinematic viscosity of the oil in stokes if the specific gravity of the oil
is 0.95.
4. A plate 0.025 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 60 cm/s and
requires a force of 2 N/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid
viscosity between the plates.

5. An oil of thickness 1.5 mm is used for lubrication between a square plate

of size 0.9 m × 0.9 m slides down an inclined plane having an inclination
of 20o with the horizontal. The weight of square plate is 392.4 N and it
 slides down the plane with a uniform velocity of 0.2 m/s. Find the
kinematic viscosity of oil specific gravity of the oil is 0.7.

6. Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having viscosity 0.05 poise and
kinematic viscosity of 0.035 stokes

7. Calculate the capillary effect in millimetres in a glass tube of 4 mm

diameter, when immersed in (i) water and (ii) mercury. The temperature
of the liquid is 20oC and the values of the surface tension of water and
mercury at 20oC in contact with air are 0.073575 N/m and 0.51 N/m
respectively. The angle of contact for water is zero that for mercury is
130o. Take density of water at 20oC as equal to 998 kg/m3

8. Explain: i) Method to find the Meta-centric height experimentally. ii)

Meta-centre

9. A block of wood of specific gravity 0.7 floats in water. Determine the

metacentric height of the block if its size is 2 m × 1 m × 0.8 m

10. Explain the condition of equilibrium of submerged bodies with neat

sketches.

11. Define Following terms with SI Units: i) Weight density ii) Dynamic
Viscosity iii) Bulk Modulus iv) Capillarity.

12. Calculate the density, specific weight and weight of one liter of petrol of
specific gravity 0.7

13. The capillary rise in glass tube is not to exceed 0.2mm of water.
Determine its minimum size given that surface tension for water in
contact with air is 0.0725N/m

14. Determine the specific gravity of fluid having dynamic viscosity 0.05
poise and kinematic viscosity is 0.035 stokes.

15. Calculate the specific weight, density, specific gravity of one liter of
liquid which weighs 7N.

16. What is specific gravity? How is it related to density?

17. A plate 0.025 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 60 cm/s and
requires a force of 2 N/m2 to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid
viscosity between the plates.

18. Calculate the capillary rise/fall in a glass tube of 2.5 mm in diameter when
immersed in water and mercury. Take surface tension of water as 0.0725
N/m and for mercury is 0.52 N/m. The specific gravity of mercury is 13.6
and angle of contact is 1300.
19. Determine the viscosity of fluid having kinematic viscosity 6 stokes and
specific gravity 0.9.

20. Define pressure. Obtain an expression for the pressure intensity at a point
in a fluid.

21. Slate and prove Ihe Pascal's law.

22. What do you understand by Hydrostatic Law?

23. Differentiate between: (i) Absolute and gauge pressure. (ii) Simple
manometer and differential nanometre and (iii) Piezometer and pressure
gauges.

24. What do you mean by vacuum pressure?

25. What is a manometer? How are they classified?

26. What do you mean by single column manometers? how are they used for
the measurement of pressure?

27. What is the difference between U-Tube differential manometers and

inverted U-tube differential manometers? Where are they used?

28. Distinguish between manometers and mechanical gauges. What are the
different types of mechanical pressure gauges?

29. Differentiate between: (i) Dynamic viseosi1y and kinematic viscosity. (ii)
Absolute and gauge pressure (iii) Simple and differential manometers (iv)
Centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy.

30. Define the terms metacentric. centre of buoyancy. meta-centric height.

gauge pressure and absolute pressure.

31. Define the term: buoyancy, and centre of buoyancy.

32. Explain the terms 'meta-centre' and 'meta-centric height.

33. Derive an expression for the mela-centric height of a floating body.

34. Show that the distance between the meta-centre and centre of buoyancy
is given by BM = I/Ɐ
Ɐ = Volume of the body sub-merged in liquid.

35. What arc the conditions of equilibrium of a floating body and a sub-
merged body?

36. How will you determine the metacentric-height of a floating body

experimentally? Explain with neat sketch.