THE BISHOPS COED SCHOOL KALYANI NAGAR
GEOGRAPHY PROJECT 2024-2025
Name – Gayatri Dhaygude
Class-10
Section – F
Roll no – 9
Topic – Biofuels – Renewable source of energy
Subject teacher – Mrs. Monica Tiwari
Acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to thank my Principal Mr. Ashley Eates , The
Headmaster Mr. Merwyn Rodricks and my Geography Teacher Mrs.
Monica Tiwari, for guiding me towards accomplishing this task. I
would also like to thank my parents and family who have supported
me wholeheartedly throughout the completion of the assignment.
INTRODUCTION TO BIOFUELS.
• Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass,
rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of
fossil fuels such as oil.
• Biofuel can be produced from plants or from agricultural, domestic or
industrial biowaste. Biofuels are mostly used for transportation , but can
also be used for heating and electricity.
PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS FROM PLANTS.
• First-generation: Biofuels are primarily produced from edible sugar,
starch and other food crops are grown on arable land.
• Second generation: Biofuels are produced from non-edible plant
materials, such as plant dry matter or woody biomass, or agricultural
residues and wastes.
• Third generation: Biofuels are primarily produced from algae and
microbes. Algal fuels have high yield.
TYPES OF BIOFUELS
• Ethanol
Ethanol is essentially ethyl alcohol or pure alcohol, and it’s the most common
alternative biofuel used in cars today. It is most often used as a motor fuel,
mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline.
• Biodiesel.
Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel that’s derived from a combination of vegetables
and fats, and oils from both animals and plants. Like petroleum diesel, biodiesel
is used to fuel compression-ignition engines
• Biobutanol.
Although biobutanol isn’t as popular as biodiesel and ethanol, it’s the only
biofuel with the most potential. Biobutanol is much like biodiesel, but it’s
derived from algae or bacteria instead of plant or animal fats.
• Biogas
Biogas is a mixture of methane, CO2 and small quantities of other gases
produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter in an oxygen-free
environment.
ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
• Reduce Greenhouse Gases
To stem the release of greenhouse gas, people around the world are using
biofuels, such as ethanol or biodiesel, to power their homes, cars and
factories. Some experts say that ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emissions up
to 65 percent
• Economic Development
In addition to reducing dependence on foreign oil, many countries expect
the biofuel industry to fuel economic development in poor, rural areas
**Continued
• Health Benefits
Each year in the United States, 10,000 people die from pollution created by
gasoline engines .Biofuels discharge fewer toxins into the air than fossil
fuels. When compared to conventional diesel, biodiesel reduces smog-
forming particulate matter, which reduces cases of asthma and other
respiratory illnesses.
• Biofuels burn more efficiently than petroleum diesel and are typically less
flammable.
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS.
• High Cost
Biofuel production requires significant investment in infrastructure and
technology, and the process of converting biomass into fuel is complex and
expensive. Additionally, the cost of producing biofuels can be influenced by
factors such as weather, crop yields, and the availability of land for
cultivation.
• Limited Availability
Biofuels are not yet widely available and often require significant investment
in infrastructure to produce and distribute them. As a result, they may not
be a practical alternative to fossil fuels for many communities.
**Continued
• Possibility of Acid rain.
Though free of sulfur, second generation biofuels often emit nitrates,
contributing to such environmental problems as acid rain
• Limited compatibility
At the moment, biofuels are not compatible with all types of vehicles and
equipment. Compatibility refers to the ability of a fuel to be used in
existing infrastructure and equipment without modification or damage.
Benefits of biofuels
FUTURE OF BIOFUELS.
The National Policy of Biofuels in 2018 amendments additionally highlights
a target of reaching 20% ethanol-blending and 5% biodiesel-blending by
2030. The three principal amendments are:
• To permit more feedstocks for the creation of biofuels,
• To improve the ethanol mixing objective of 20% mixing of ethanol in
petroleum to ESY 2025-26 from 2030 .
• To advance the creation of biofuels in the country, under the Make in
India program, by units situated in Special Economic Zones
CONCLUSION ON BIOFUELS.
• Biofuels are a class of renewable energy derived from living materials. The
most common biofuels are bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas from organic
byproducts. Energy from renewable resources puts less strain on the
limited supply of fossil fuels, which are considered non-renewable
resources.
“BIOFUELS ARE THE FUTURE OF ENERGY IN THIS NATION AND
AROUND THE WORLD.”
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Advantages of biofuels.
• Types of biofuels
• Introduction to Biofuels
