《》 雙語隨堂筆記

New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

課題 7 美國的成立及發展
I 美國革命的內外因素及影響

本課關鍵詞
總督 Governor
七年戰爭 Seven Years’ War
舊大陸 Old World
荷蘭獨立戰爭 Dutch War of Independence
光榮革命 Glorious Revolution
君主立憲政體 Constitutional Monarchy
《》 Constitution of the United States of
America
波士頓慘案 Boston Massacre
巴黎和約 Treaty of Paris
拉丁美洲 Latin America
制憲會議 Constitutional Convention

溫習要點

 本來美國只是英國的殖民地
 後來在 18 世紀下半葉通過一場革命，才得以獨立建國
 最終成為今日世界的超級大國

A 美國革命的內在因素
i. 英國殖民政策引起不滿
1 政府與管治

 美國東岸在獨立前是英國的北美洲殖民地。

17 世紀初，
1492 年 歐洲人逐漸移民到南、北美 英國人在北美洲 1730 年代，英國在北美
哥倫布發現美洲新大陸 洲 維珍尼亞 東岸擁有十三個殖民地
建立首個殖民地

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Topic 7 The founding and development

of the United States
I The internal and external factors and impact of the
American Revolution

Key Terms
總督 Governor
七年戰爭 Seven Years’ War
舊大陸 Old World
荷蘭獨立戰爭 Dutch War of Independence
光榮革命 Glorious Revolution
君主立憲政體 Constitutional Monarchy
《》 Constitution of the United States of
America
波士頓慘案 Boston Massacre
巴黎和約 Treaty of Paris
拉丁美洲 Latin America
制憲會議 Constitutional Convention

Revision Points

 Most of the United States (US) today used to be some British colonies.
 In the late 18th century, the US was founded as an independent country through a
revolution
 It then became an important country and later a world power.

A Internal factors in the American Revolution

i. Discontent caused by British colonial policies
1 Formation of British colonies in North America

Ÿ The East Coast of the US before independence consisted of some British Colonies.

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Europeans Colony of British had

Columbus
gradually Virginia was established 13
discovered the
migrated to North established by colonies in the
New World in
and South Britain in the East Coast by the
1492
America early 17th century 1730s

2 英國在北美的殖民政策

2.1 政治方面

宗主國英國委任的總督

英國國會

當地居民推選的殖民地議會

 表面上各殖民地都設有由當地居民推選議員的議會，但議會通過的法律必須由英國國會審批才能正式生效。
 總督有權否決議會通過的法案，甚至解散議會。
 當地居民深感不滿。

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2 British colonial policies in North America

2.1 Political aspect

Governors assigned
by Britain

British Parliament

Assemblies elected
by local people

 The colonies had their own assemblies and local people could elect their representatives.
However, the laws passed by the assemblies had to be made effective by the British
Parliament.
 The governors had the power to veto the bills, or even break up the assemblies.
 These conditions upset the local people.

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2.2 經濟方面

 為了保障英國自身利益、以及在北美推銷商品和獲取原料，英國制定了許多不利殖民地經濟發展的政策。
 規定殖民地出產的煙草、砂糖、棉花只能輸往宗主國。
 殖民地不得製造與宗主國同類的貨品。
 必須租用英國的船隻運輸貨物。
 宗主國的限制自由貿易政策，引起北美人民對英國極為不滿。

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2.2 Economic aspect

 In order to protect British interests, to sell commodities in North America and to gain raw
materials, Britain drew up a lot of economic policies unfavourable to colonies' economic
development.
 Local products, such as tobacco, sugar and cotton, could only be exported to Britain.
 The colonies could not produce goods similar to those of Britain.
 They must also use British ships for transportation.
 These British policies limited their free trade. The North American people were thus
discontent towards Britain.

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3 重稅加速殖民地反抗

法國在「七年戰爭」（ 1756-
法國把北美的一些
1763 年） 殖民地讓給英國
戰敗

英國加強在
激發與
北美的地位，
殖民地人民的衝突
增派軍隊駐守當地

 七年戰爭結束後，英國在北美加緊徵稅以補助戰爭開支。新稅項包括：
年份 法例名稱 內容
1764 年 《》 對食糖、糖漿及酒徵稅。
1765 年 《》 各種文件和印刷品均須貼上不同面額的印花作為稅款。
1767 年 《》 對日常用品如紙張、鉛、茶葉、玻璃等徵稅。另外，殖民地人民須為當地英國駐軍提供
住宿、糧食和各種補給。

打擊了他們的
稅項損害了
海外貿易， 引起強烈的反抗
北美民眾的經濟利益
大大增加經濟負擔

 北美人民更認為在英國國會中沒有自己的代表參加，根本無權向他們徵稅，提出「沒有國會代表就不繳稅」，於是他們強烈抗議，以致英
國與北美殖民地的關係更趨惡劣。


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3 Heavy taxation speeding up the resistance of the colonies

France was defeated Some French colonies

in Seven Years' War in North America
(1756-1763) were given to Britain

Britain had a stronger

This caused more
position in North
conflicts with local
America, and it sent
people
more troops to there

 After the Seven Years' War, Britain imposed heavy taxation on North American colonies
to cover the expenditures. New tax items included:
Year Name Contents
1764 Sugar Act Taxation on sugar, syrup, and wine
1765 Stamp Act Taxation on stamps in different values on documents
and printed materials
1767 Townshend Taxation on daily supplies, such as paper, lead, tea,
Acts glass, etc. Besides, the colonies had to provide
accommodation (住宿), food and various supplies for
local British troops.

These taxes harmed

the economies and the The colonies faced
Led to strong
overseas trade of heavier economic
oppositions.
British colonies in burden.
North America.

 North Americans did not have representatives in the British Parliament, they believed that
Britain should not tax them and claimed 'no taxation without representation'. Therefore,
they strongly protested. Their relations with Britain worsened.

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ii. 追求自由的傳統
 由 17 世紀初開始，不少英國及歐洲其他國家的移民遷至美洲。

逃避舊大陸各種
宗教或政治逼害

長期受英國的剝
反抗英國殖民統治 追求自由
削與壓迫

北美
殖民地
生活艱苦

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ii. The tradition of pursuing liberty

 Starting from the early 17th century, people migrated from Britain and other European
countries to North America.

Get away
from
religious
and political
persecutions
in the Old
World

Long
Stood up
exploited
and fought Pursue
and
against the liberty
suppressed
British rule
by Britain

Life was
hard in the
colonies

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B 美國革命的外在因素
i. 歐洲革命的啟發
1 荷蘭獨立戰爭

 位於西歐的荷蘭（又稱「尼德蘭」）長期受西班牙統治。

導致「八十年戰爭」
持續逼害信奉新教的荷蘭
西班牙對荷蘭徵收重稅 （ 1568-1648 年）
人
爆發

 荷蘭獨立戰爭是歐洲近代重要的革命之一，對後來的美國革命起示範作用，鼓舞北美人民反抗英國殖民統治的決心。

2 英國光榮革命

2.1 英國內戰

歐洲各國普遍建 英國國王查理一世厲行君
君主專制日益引起 1625-
中古時代末 17 世紀中 主專制，經常不召開國會
立了君主專制統 廣大民眾，尤其是
期 期 資產階級的不滿 1649 年 就擅自徵稅，甚至長期解
治 散國會

國王與國會之間
1640 年， 查理一世為籌備軍 議員們拒絕了
爆發長達七年的內戰（ 1642-
費，重新召開國會 他的要求
1649 年）

最終國會軍取得勝利，查理一世被處死。

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B External factors in the American Revolution

i. Inspiration from European revolutions
1 Dutch War of Independence

 Holland (also called the Netherlands) was located in Western Europe, and ruled by Spain
for a long time.

Led to the
Persecuted outbreak of the
Spain taxed
Dutch Eighty Years'
Holland heavily
Protestants War (1568-
1648)

 The Dutch War of Independence was one of the important revolutions in modern Europe.
It set a model for the American Revolution, and encouraged North Americans to fight
against Britain.
2 British Glorious Revolution
2.1 British Civil War

Most The people, King Charles I ruled

especially as an absolute
European the monarch, introduced
Late countries bourgeoisie, new taxations
Mid-17th 1625-
Medieval were century were 1649
without calling for
Times ruled by discontent parliament sessions,
towards the and even break up
absolute absolute the Parliament for a
monarchy monarchy long time

In 1640, Charles I
A civil war (1642-
called for a The members of
1649) broke out
Parliament session Parliament rejected
between the King
to raise money for his request.
and the Parliament.
the military

In the end, the Parliament won and Charles I was executed.

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2.2 光榮革命

 內戰結束後，英國一度廢除君主制，後來又恢復了。
 1688 年，國會成功發動不流血政變，推翻詹姆士二世，迎立願意服從國會的威廉三世。
 稱為「光榮革命」

光榮革命後， 國會於 1689 《》 確立了新的君主立憲政體

國王的名銜獲保留，實際政治權力掌
握在資產階級控制的國會

 光榮革命是歐洲反君主專制的表率，其成功對日後美國革命產生很大影響。
 《權
》更
案
法
利《美
是
說
以
可》的
法
憲
國。
聲
先

ii. 歐洲啟蒙運動的影響
 在 18 世紀，啟蒙思想家的學說已在北美流傳。
 許多人熟讀約翰洛克、孟德斯鳩、伏爾泰、盧騷等人的名著，了解追求自由、平等、反抗暴政都是人類與生俱來的天賦權利。
 在啟蒙思想的影響下，北美陸續湧現爭取自由、獨立的思想家。
 啟蒙思想的傳播促使北美人民反抗英國統治
受啟蒙思想所影響的北美思想家
思想家 主要理論
約翰‧亞當斯  共和國是唯一良好的政府形式。
（1735-1826 年）  主張行政、立法、司法三權分立。
潘恩  政府必須保障人民的自由。
（1737-1809 年）  北美人民有權爭取獨立，建立自己的國家。
湯瑪斯‧傑佛遜  人與生俱來有三種基本權利：生命權、自由權、追求幸福權。
（1743-1826 年）  英國對殖民地的壓迫是不合理的，北美人民完全有推翻宗主國統治的權利。

2.2 Glorious Revolution

 Britain abolished monarchy after the civil war, but then it was restored.
 In 1688, the Parliament successfully overthrew James II without shedding blood. William
III, who was willing to obey the Parliament, came to the throne.

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 This was called the Glorious Revolution.

After the Glorious

A new constitutional
Revolution, the
monarchy was
Parliament passed the
established
Bill of Rights in 1689

The King kept his title, but

the ruling power was in the
hands of the Parliament
controlled bythe
bourgeoisie.

 The Glorious Revolution set a good example for people to fight against absolute
monarchy in Europe. Its success influenced the American Revolution greatly.
 The Bill of Rights provided the foundation for the drafting of the Constitution of the
United States of America

ii. Impact of the Enlightenment

 In the 18th century, ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers spread to North America.
 Many people thoroughly studied the classics by thinkers like John Locke, Montesquieu,
Voltaire, Rousseau, etc. They understood that pursing liberty and equality, as well as
fighting against tyranny were people's natural rights.
 Under the influence of the Enlightenment, there were many thinkers supporting freedom
and independence in North America.
 The spread of the Enlightenment thinking facilitated the fight of North Americans against
British rule.
North American thinkers influenced by the Enlightenment
Thinkers Main theories
John Adams  Republic was the only good form of a government.
(1735-1826)  Executive, legislative and judicial powers had to be separated.
Thomas Paine  The government must protect the freedom of citizens.
(1737-1809)  The North American people had the right for independence and
establishment of their own countries.
Thomas  All men were born with three natural rights: life, liberty and the
Jefferson pursuit of happiness.
(1743-1826)  Britain's suppression on colonies was unreasonable. North
American people had the right to overthrow the British rule.

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C 美國革命的經過
i. 革命前的衝突
1 波士頓傾茶事件（1773 年 12 月）

在美國革命爆發前不久，英國與殖民地民眾的衝突已不斷升級。

駐守波士頓的英軍開槍射殺民眾
1770 史稱「波士頓慘案」
年3月

英國政府賦予英屬東印度公司免稅向殖民地銷售茶葉的特權
1773 激起北美民眾強烈不滿
年

波士頓民眾漏夜潛上英屬東印度公司的茶船
1773 把三百多箱茶葉統統傾倒入海
年 12 史稱「波士頓傾茶事件」
月

波士頓傾茶事件意想圖

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C Course of the American Revolution

i. Conflicts before the Revolution
1 Boston Tea Party (December 1773)

Shortly before the outbreak of the American Revolution, the conflicts between
Britain and its colonies had been heating up.

British troops in Boston shot and killed people

Mar This was the Boston Massacre
ch
1770

British government gave the British East India Company the right to sell
tea to the colonies duty-free
1773 The North American people showed strong opposition

Some people in Boston boarded the ship of the British East India
Dece Company
mbe 300 boxes of tea was poured into the sea
r It was known as the Boston Tea Party
1773

An artist's idea of the Boston Tea Party

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2 第一次大陸會議（1774 年 9 月）

 1774 年 9 月，北美各殖民地代表在費城舉行第一次大陸會議，要求英國取消不合理的徵稅法例，但遭拒絕。
 各地民眾紛紛組織民兵，戰爭一觸即發。

ii. 革命的主要發展
1 列克星頓戰役（1775 年 4 月）

 1775 年 4 月 19 日凌晨，一隊英軍在麻薩諸塞的列克星頓與北美民兵交火。
 獨立戰爭正式爆發。

2 第二次大陸會議召開（1775 年 5 月）

 革命爆發後，北美各殖民地代表於 1775 年 5 月再度齊集費城，召開第二次大陸會議。

 會議通過將民兵改組為「大陸軍」對英軍作戰。
 任命喬治華盛頓為總司令。

3 《獨立宣言》面世（1776 年 7 月）
1776 年 7 月 4 日，北美各殖民地代表通過了
《》

宣布北美十三個殖民地脫離英國，
聯合組成自由獨立的國家

稱為「美利堅合眾國」，簡稱「美國」

《》

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2 First Continental Congress (September 1774)

 In September 1774, representatives of the colonies in North America met in Philadelphia

for the First Continental Congress. They asked Britain to abolish the unreasonable
taxation bills, but the requests were rejected.
 People from all the colonies formed their own militias. A war was on the brink of
breaking out.

ii. Main development of the Revolution

1 Battle of Lexington (April 1775)

 In the early morning of 19 April 1775, a group of British troops started fighting with
North American militias in Lexington, Massachusetts.
 Hence, the American War of Independence broke out officially.

2 Second Continental Congress (May 1775)

 After the Revolution broke out, the representatives of the North American colonies met in
Philadelphia again for the Second Continental Congress in May 1775.
 The meeting approved the re-organisation of militias as the Continental Army to fight
against the British army.
 George Washington was appointed as the commander-in-chief.

3 Declaration of Independence (July 1776)

On 4 July 1776, the representatives of the North American

colonies passed the Declaration of Independence mainly
drafted by Jefferson.
It declared the independence of the thirteen colonies of
North America from Britain. The colonies would form an
independent nation.

The name of the nation would be

'The United States of America'

The proclamation of the Declaration of Independence greatly encouraged the North

American people, and made the War of Independence lawful.

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4 約克鎮戰役（1781 年 10 月）

獨立戰爭初期，英軍處於上風

大陸軍在法國、西班牙、荷蘭等國的軍事援助下，逐漸扭轉劣勢

1781 年 10 月，英軍主力在維珍尼亞的約克鎮被擊潰

英軍向大陸軍投降

此後，雙方開始進行和平談判

約克鎮戰役意想圖

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3 Battle of Yorktown (October 1781)

At the early stage of the War of Independence,
the British army was on the upper hand

The Continental Army fought back with the helps from

France, Spain and Holland

In October 1781, the major force of the British army was defeated in
Yorktown, Virginia

The British army surrendered to the Continental Army

The peace negotiation between two sides began

An artist's idea of the Battle of Yorktown

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5 《》1783 年 9 月 3 日）

1783 年 9 《 》

英國正式承認美國獨立

歷時八年的美國革命（ 1775-1783 年），終告結束。

美國革命的經過

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5 Treaty of Paris (3 September 1783)

In September 1783, Britain and the North American colonies

signed the Treaty of Paris.

Britain formally recognised the independence of the US.

The eight-year American Revolution came to an end.

Course of the American Revolution

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D 美國革命的結果
i. 美利堅合眾國誕生

着手草擬組織未來政府的計劃，通過《》
宣布了十三個殖民地聯合組成統一國家的意願
1776 美利堅合眾國正式創建
年

《》
1776
年 通過的日子後來成了美國的國慶日
7月4
日

簽署《》
獨立戰爭結束
1783 英國承認美國獨立
年

ii. 共和政體的創建
1 《》

1787 年 5 月
十三州代表在費城舉行制
憲會議 1788 年
籌備組成新的聯邦政府 《》

1787 年 9 月 1789 年
會議通過了 美國聯邦政府宣告成立
《》 喬治‧華盛頓當選為第一任
總統

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

D Results of the American Revolution

i. The birth of the United States of America

Started to draft the organisation of the future government and Declaration of

Independence was passed
The 13 colonies had already had the will to form a united nation
1776 The United States of America was officially formed

The Declaration of Independence was passed that day

4th Became the national day of the US
July
1776

Signed the Treaty of Paris

The War of Independence ended
1783 Britain recognised the independence of the US

ii. Formation of a republican government

1 Passing the Constitution of the United States of America

M ay 1787
T h e re p re s e n ta tiv e s
o f th e 1 3 s ta te s m e t
a t th e 1788
C o n stitu tio n a l H a v in g p a s s e d b y
C o n v e n tio n in th e s ta te
P h ila d e lp h ia re p re s e n ta tiv e s ,
A n e w fe d e ra l th e U S
g o v e rn m e n t w a s C o n stitu tio n w a s
fo rm e d . m a d e e ffe c tiv e

S e p te m b e r 1 7 8 7 1789
T h e C o n v e n tio n T h e U S fe d e ra l
p a ss e d th e g o v e rn m e n t w a s
C o n stitu tio n o f th e e sta b lish e d .
U n ite d S ta te s o f G e o rg e W a s h in g to n
A m e ric a . b e c a m e th e first
P re s id e n t.

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

2 聯邦政府架構
 美國聯邦政府體系，是按法國啟蒙思想家孟德斯鳩的三權分立原則建立的。它將立法、行政、司法三種大權，分別交給不同的部門：

立法權 行政權 司法權

由參議院、眾議院組成的兩院制國會 總統 最高法院

 這三個部門的權力是平等的，也是互相制衡的。

美國聯邦政府架構

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

2 Structure of the federal government

 The US federal government was set up according to Montesquieu's principle of separation
of powers. It assigns the legislative, executive and judicial powers to three separated
branches:

Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power

Senate and the House of President Supreme Court

Representatives under the
bicameral Congress

 These three branches have equal power. There are checks and balances among these three
branches.

Structure of the US federal government

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

E 美國革命在歷史上的重要性
 美國革命既是殖民地人民反對外來壓迫、爭取獨立的鬥爭，也是廣大民眾推翻暴政、爭取自由的革命，具有極為重要的歷史意義。

i. 對美國的影響：奠定國家富強的基礎

 美國獨立後實行三權分立下的共和政體
 以總統為國家元首
 立法及司法部門可以制衡總統的權力，防止權力過度集中在一人身上。
 因此，美國建國以來，從未出現過專制統治。
 在長期穩定的民主政制下，美國逐漸發展成世界強國。

ii. 對歐洲以至世界的影響
1 《》

重要的民主發展史文獻

把自由平等、天賦人權 深受歐洲啟蒙思想的影
《》
明確寫入政治文件 響

成為美國革命的指導思
想

 《》《》
 美國革命是推翻暴政的典範，使啟蒙思想對世界各國人民產生很大吸引力
 有助啟蒙思想的傳播

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

E Significance of the American Revolution in history

 The American Revolution was a fight by the people in the colonies against foreign
oppression in the hope of independence. It was also a revolution by the people to
overthrow tyranny and pursue liberty. Hence, it was significantly important in history.
i. Impact on the US: laying the foundation of wealth and strength

 After its independence, the US adopted the republican political system under the
separation of powers.
 The President is the head of the country.
 The executive and legislative departments can check and balance his power. This system
prevents the concentration of power in the hands of the President.
 US to become a world power.
 The US has never been under absolute rule since its independence.
 The stable democratic political system has thus helped the US to become a world power.
ii. Impact on Europe and the world
1 Realisation of European Enlightenment ideas in the Declaration of Independence

Important text in
the history of
democratic
development

Emphasised The Influenced by

liberty, equality Declaration of European
and natural rights Independence Enlightenment ideas

Became the
guiding thoughts
for the American
Revolution

 The Declaration of Independence was another important text in the history of democratic
development after the Bill of Rights.
 Enlightenment ideas caught people's attention around the world since they saw the
American Revolution as a model to overthrow tyranny.
 Enlightenment ideas were then widely spread.

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

2 推動法國大革命

 作為成功的革命實踐，美國革命迅速地反過來影響歐洲。

獨立戰爭期間，法國曾派兵援助北美軍隊。

不少法國人親身經歷美國革命，激發了他們對本國專制統治的不滿，並把自由、平等的思
想帶回法國。

促使 1789 年法國大革命的爆發。

 法國大革命期間頒布的《人權宣言》，深受《獨立宣言》的影響。

3 推動拉丁美洲獨立運動

 美國革命對歐洲各國在中、南美洲的殖民地產生重要影響。

歐洲殖民帝國 美國

西班牙、葡萄牙意識到長期維持海外領土的困難，殖民地最 成功經驗促使中、南美洲人民掀起爭取獨立的革命
終會脫離宗主國

 海地於 1804 年成立共和國

 成為在美國革命後最早脫離宗主國（法國）獨立的拉丁美洲國家
 在 19 世紀初，拉丁美洲大部分殖民地已相繼獲得獨立

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

2 Promoting the French Revolution

 As a successful practice of revolution, the American Revolution influenced Europe in

return.

During the War of Independence, France sent armies to

help North Americans.

Many French soldiers witnessed the American

Revolution, triggering their discontent towards the
French absolute monarchy. They brought
revolutionary ideas back to France.

This became a factor leading to the outbreak of the

French Revolution in 1789.

 The Declaration of the Rights of Man in the French Revolution was also deeply
influenced by the Declaration of Independence.

3 Promoting independent movements in Latin America

 The American Revolution had great impact on the colonies in Central and South America.

European colonial empires United States

Spain and Portugal realised that it Successful American Revolution

would be difficult to keep overseas encouraged people in Central and
territories South America to fight for
independence

 In 1804, Haiti became a republic

 It was the first country in Latin America that overthrew the French colonial rule and
gained independence after the American Revolution
 In the early 19th century, most colonies in Latin America declared independence

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19 世紀內獨立的主要拉丁美洲國家

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Latin American countries that gained independence in the 19th century

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4 英國改變殖民政策

 美國革命後，英國開始重視其他殖民地的人民自主， 改變其殖民政策。
 例如在 1867 年准許加拿大自治

5 樹立自由民主象徵

 建國二百多年來，美國由革命作為起點，而發展為當今世界上最強盛的國家之一。
 為紀念美國革命勝利而塑造的「自由女神像」成為自由、民主、獨立精神的一種象徵。

6 確立共和政體的典範

 《》
 中國在 1911 年爆發辛亥革命，孫中山建議的新政治模式，就是參考美國的共和政體，而實行總統制

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

4 Changes in British colonial policies

 After the American Revolution, Britain started to recognise the autonomy of other
colonies and changed its colonial policies.
 For example, Canada was allowed to become an autonomous state in 1867

5 The symbol of liberty and democracy

 Since the American Revolution and its foundation, the US has developed into one of the
greatest countries in the world over the course of 200 years.
 The Statue of Liberty, which was built to remember the success of the American
Revolution, stands as a symbol of liberty, democracy and the spirit of independence.

6 A model of republican political system

 The republican political system was set up according to the US constitution. It was
referred to by the other countries.
 After the 1911 Xinhai Geming in China, Sun Yixian suggested a new form of
government, which was a presidential republic like that of the US

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New World History Express Bilingual Class Notes

重點練習

1. 根據課文內容，完成下列各題文字。
(a) 本來美國是________的殖民地。
(b) 殖民地出產的________、________、________只能輸往宗主國。
(c) 1688 年，國會成功發動不流血政變，推翻專制的____________，迎立願意服從國會的____________，稱為「_
___________」。
(d) 1781 年 10 月，英軍主力在________的________被擊潰，英軍向________投降。
(e) ________革命後，英國開始重視其他殖民地的人民自主，改變其殖民政策。例如在 1867 年准許________自治。

2. 試選擇適當答案，並將其英文代號填入方格內。
(a) 以下哪日是《獨立宣言》通過的日子？
A. 1776 年 7 月 4 日 B. 1777 年 7 月 4 日
C. 1776 年 4 月 7 日 D. 1777 年 4 月 7 日

(b) 美國最初由多少個殖民地聯合組成？
A. 十九 B. 二十
C. 十二 D. 十三

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Key Exercises

1. Fill in the blanks according to the textbook content.

(a) Most of the United States (US) today used to be some ________ colonies.
(b) Colonial local products, such as ________, ________ and ________, could only be
exported to Britain.
(c) In 1688, the Parliament successfully overthrew ________, who adopted absolute
monarchism, without shedding blood. __________, who was willing to obey the
Parliament, came to the throne. This was called the ________________.
(d) In October 1781, the major force of the British army was defeated in ________,
________. The British army surrendered to the ________________.
(e) After the ________ Revolution, Britain started to recognise the autonomy of other
colonies and changed its colonial policies. For example, ________ was allowed to
become an autonomous state in 1867.

2. Choose the appropriate answer and put it in the corresponding box.

(a) Which of the following was the date of The Declaration of Independence passing?
A. 4th July, 1776 B. 4th July, 1777
C. 7th July, 1776 D. 7th July, 1777

(b) How many colonies jointed together and formed the original US?
A. 19 B. 20
C. 12 D. 13

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(c) 以下哪項並非「自由女神像」的象徵？
A. 自由
B. 富有
C. 民主
D. 獨立精神

(d) 以下哪個國家在獨立戰爭期間曾派兵援助北美軍隊？
A. 西班牙
B. 加拿大
C. 法國
D. 英國

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(c) Which of the following was not a symbol Statue of Liberty stands for?
A. Liberty
B. Rich
C. Democracy
D. Spirit of independence

(d) Which of the following country sent armies to help North Americans during the War
of Independence?
A. Spain
B. Canada
C. France
D. Britain

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