PMT

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE (9–1)

Friday 14 June 2019

Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper Reference 4PH1/2PR

Physics
Unit: 4PH1
Paper: 2PR

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Show all steps in any calculations and state the units.
• your mind
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box
about an answer, put a line through the box
. If you change
and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toyour
Write answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over

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FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

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energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

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pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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Answer ALL questions.

1 (a) The diagram shows a fossil fuel power station.

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Five stages of electricity generation and transmission are shown.

steam

water

furnace and boiler condenser turbines generator transformer

(i) The power station burns a fossil fuel in the furnace.

Give an example of a fossil fuel.

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(1)

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(ii) Which stage of the power station transfers energy from a chemical store to a
thermal store?
(1)
A condenser
B furnace and boiler
C generator
D turbines

(iii) Which stage of the power station transfers energy electrically from a kinetic
energy store?
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(1)
A condenser
B furnace and boiler
C generator
D turbines

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(b) Electricity can also be generated by solar farms.

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(Source: © Zoonar GmbH/Alamy)

Energy is transferred from the Sun to the solar farm by radiation.

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The solar farm uses photovoltaic cells to transfer this energy electrically.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of generating electricity using solar farms.
(4)

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(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

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2 This question is about sound waves.

(a) Sound is an example of a type of wave.
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State the name of this type of wave.

(1)

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(b) The speed of sound in liquids is greater than the speed of sound in gases.
(i) Describe the arrangement of particles in liquids and in gases.
You may use diagrams to help your answer.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest why the speed of sound in liquids is greater than the speed of sound
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in gases.
(2)

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(c) A buzzer is an electrical device that produces sound.

The frequency of sound produced by the buzzer is 1400 Hz.

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(i) State the formula linking speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)

(ii) Sound travels at a speed of 340 m/s in air.

Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave from the buzzer.
(2)

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wavelength = ........................................ . . . . . . . m

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(iii) Two students use this method to investigate sound from a moving source.
Student A connects a piece of string to the buzzer.
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She spins round so that the buzzer moves in a horizontal circular path.
● she spins round at a slow speed
● she then spins round at a high speed
Student B stands several metres away from student A.

student A student B

buzzer

The sound heard by student A is different to the sound heard by student B.

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Discuss the differences in the sounds heard by student A and student B.

(5)

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(Total for Question 2 = 13 marks)

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3 (a) A student charges a plastic rod by rubbing it with a cloth.

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The rod becomes negatively charged.
(i) Which statement explains how the rod becomes negatively charged?
(1)
A the rod gains positively charged electrons

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B the rod loses positively charged electrons
C the rod gains negatively charged electrons
D the rod loses negatively charged electrons

(ii) Describe how the student could demonstrate that the rod is charged.
(2)

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(b) The student has several other rods made from different kinds of plastic.
Some rods can be charged positively and some can be charged negatively.
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Describe an experiment to show that different rods have different types of charge.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)
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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

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4 A Hertzsprung‑Russell diagram shows how different astronomical objects may be

classified according to their colour and absolute magnitude.

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–5

0
red giants

main sequence
Absolute +5
magnitude

+10

white dwarfs

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+15
blue white yellow red
Colour

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The diagram shows three stages of evolution for stars of similar mass to the Sun.
Describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun.
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You should refer to the temperature and brightness of the stars in your answer.
(6)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

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5 Stearic acid is a solid at room temperature and melts at a temperature of 69 °C.

A student investigates the specific heat capacity of solid stearic acid.

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He heats a sample of stearic acid from room temperature using an electrical heater
and measures its temperature using a data logger and temperature sensor.
The graph shows his results.

80

60

Temperature
in °C 40

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20

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time in s

(a) The student starts heating the stearic acid at 130 seconds.
(i) Determine the time it takes to heat the stearic acid until it reaches its
melting point.
(1)

time = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . s

(ii) The stearic acid gains 39 kJ of energy during the time it is heated to its melting point.
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Give a unit with your answer.
[assume no energy lost to surroundings]
(3)

mean power = ............................................... unit ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The mass of stearic acid used in the investigation is 0.45 kg.
The stearic acid gains 39 kJ of energy when it is heated to its melting point.
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Calculate the specific heat capacity of stearic acid.

You should use data from the graph in your calculation.
(4)

specific heat capacity = ............................................... J/kg °C

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(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

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6 A student investigates transformers.

(a) The diagram shows a typical transformer.
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primary coil
secondary coil

core

State the name given to this type of transformer.

(1)

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(b) The student investigates the effect of changing the number of turns in the secondary coil.
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This is his method.

● apply a constant maximum voltage to a primary coil with 1200 turns
● use a secondary coil with 100 turns
● measure the output voltage of the transformer
● replace the secondary coil with one that has 200 turns
● measure the output voltage again
The student repeats this method using different numbers of turns in the secondary coil.
(i) Suggest how the student could improve the reliability of his investigation.
(1)

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(ii) These are the student’s results.

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number of turns = 100, number of turns = 400,
output voltage = 1.3 V output voltage = 5.0 V
number of turns = 200, number of turns = 500,
output voltage = 2.5 V output voltage = 6.3 V
number of turns = 300, number of turns = 600,
output voltage = 3.8 V output voltage = 7.5 V

Draw a table of these results.

(3)

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(iii) Suggest how the student could improve the precision of his voltage measurement.
(1)

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(c) The student plots this graph to show the results of his investigation.

8.0
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6.0

Output
voltage in V 4.0

2.0

0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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Number of turns on secondary coil

(i) The student plots one of his results incorrectly.

Draw a circle around the incorrectly plotted result on the graph.
(1)
(ii) Draw the line of best fit.
(1)
(iii) Describe the relationship shown by the graph.
(2)

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(d) The primary coil has 1200 turns.

Using the student’s data, calculate the primary voltage used in his investigation.

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(4)

primary voltage = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . V

(Total for Question 6 = 14 marks)

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7 A game is played on a table with balls of different colours.

(a) The diagram shows the white ball moving across a flat surface.

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v = 5.2 m/s

white ball

(i) State the formula linking momentum, mass and velocity.

(1)

(ii) The white ball has a mass of 170 g.

Calculate the momentum of the white ball.
(2)

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momentum = ............................................... kg m/s

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(b) The white ball collides with a stationary black ball.

v = 5.2 m/s v v = 5.0 m/s

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white ball black ball white ball black ball

before collision after collision

(i) The black ball has a mass of 160 g.

After the collision, the black ball moves away from the white ball with a velocity
of 5.0 m/s.
Calculate the velocity of the white ball after the collision.
(4)
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velocity of white ball = ............................................. . . m/s

(ii) During the collision, the white ball exerts a force of 80 N on the black ball.
The direction of this force is to the right.
State the magnitude and direction of the force the black ball exerts on the
white ball during the collision.
(2)

magnitude of force = ....................................... . . . . . . . . N

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direction of force = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)

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8 The photograph shows a device that can be used to ignite small pieces of combustible material.
The device consists of a cylinder containing trapped air and a piston.

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piston

cylinder
combustible
material

before pushing piston after pushing piston

A small piece of combustible material is placed at the bottom of the cylinder.

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When the piston is pushed quickly into the cylinder, the trapped air is compressed
and heats up.
This increase in temperature is enough to ignite the combustible material.
(a) The piston is quickly pushed down a distance of 145 mm.
The average force exerted on the piston is 4.2 N.
(i) State the formula linking work done, force and distance moved in the direction of the force.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the work done on the trapped air when the piston is quickly pushed down.
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(2)

work done = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . J

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(iii) State the maximum amount of energy that could be transferred to the
trapped air.
(1)
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energy transferred = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . J

(iv) Using ideas about molecules, explain why the trapped air heats up.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Suggest why the trapped air does not reach a high enough temperature to ignite
the combustible material if the piston is slowly pushed into the cylinder.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

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