GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

Summative Test 1
Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: ____________
Grade and Section: __________________________________________________ Date: _____________
DIRECTIONS: In your paper, write the best answer. Read specific directions in each part of the exam. Cheating is
prohibited. Anyone caught cheating will automatically be given a zero score. Any query should be addressed to the
teacher in charge. Taking photographs of this test questionnaire is prohibited.

A. Analyze each question and choose the best answer.

(10 pts.) 8. Water and minerals are transported up a plant in the
1. What is the function of the petals? ___________, while sugars, amino acids, and other
A. To attract pollinators organic molecules are transported throughout a plant in
B. To protect the developing flower the ___________.
C. To support the anthers A. epidermis; endodermis
D. To increase the absorption of water B. phloem; xylem
C. xylem; phloem
2. Where could a plant anatomist find apical meristems D. periderm; endoderm
on a typical angiosperm?
A. Stem tips 9. How do lower forms of plants like mosses, liverworts,
B. At the base of the stem and hornworts absorb water?
C. Root tips A. through osmosis
D. Both a and b B. by using xylem vessels
C. through the vascular bundles
3. The roots of a mangrove tree that extend upward are D. by evaporating water from the leaves
examples of a(n) _______.
A. Pneumatophores 10. Why do plants reproduce asexually?
B. Parasitic roots A. Maintains favorable gene combinations
C. Adventitious roots B. Allows for rapid proliferation in a stable
D. None of the above environment
C. Does not require pollinators or other nearby
4. The part of the potato plant that is baked, mashed, and conspecific plants
then consumed by humans is a modified ____. D. All of the above are valid reasons
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Leaf B. Briefly differentiate the following. Answer in a
D. Stoma maximum of three sentences per item. (10 pts.)
1. Differentiate the root system and shoot system.
5. Gibberillic acid stimulates cell elongation. A gene
called SLEEPY1 positively regulates gibberillic acid ➢ Root system consists of roots that anchor the
signaling. In plants with non-functional SLEEPY1 genes plant and absorb water and nutrients from the
the gibberillic acid is repressed. What happens to these soil, while the shoot system includes stems,
plants? leaves, and reproductive structures that facilitate
A. The plants grow normally photosynthesis and reproduction.
B. The plants are much taller than normal
C. The plants have no xylem tissue 2. Differentiate xylem and phloem.
D. The plants are dwarves ➢ Xylem transports water and minerals from the
roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem
6. All of the following assist in the transport of water transports sugars and other organic compounds
upward toward the leaves except ____. from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
A. Evaporation at the leaf surface
B. Cohesion of neighboring water molecules 3. Differentiate transpiration and translocation.
C. Active pumping of water from the roots ➢ Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from
D. Adhesion of water molecules to the transport
plant surfaces, mainly through stomata, while
tissues
translocation is the movement of sugars and
7. Which of the following would not be considered a nutrients through the phloem.
sugar sink?
A. Root cells 4. Differentiate apical meristem and lateral meristem.
B. Developing leaves ➢ Apical meristem is found at the tips of roots and
C. Ripening fruits shoots, promoting lengthwise growth, while
D. Leaf lateral meristem is found along the sides of
stems and roots, enabling the plant to grow in
thickness.
5. Differentiate monocots and dicots.
➢ Monocots have one cotyledon, parallel leaf
veins, and scattered vascular bundles, while
dicots have two cotyledons, net-like leaf veins,
and vascular bundles arranged in a ring.

C. Choose and answer TWO questions only. Write a

maximum of five complete sentences. (7 pts.)
1. How do plant cells elongate?
➢ Plant cells elongate through the uptake of water
into the central vacuole, creating turgor pressure
that stretches the cell wall. Auxins stimulate the
loosening of the cell wall, allowing it to expand.
This process is essential for the growth of roots,
stems, and leaves.

2. Explain how water flows through the xylem tissue.

➢ Water flows through the xylem tissue due to the
combined forces of root pressure, capillary
action, cohesion, and adhesion. Transpiration at
the leaf surface creates a negative pressure that
pulls water upward from the roots through the
xylem.

3. Explain how sucrose is transported through the

phloem tissue.
➢ Sucrose is actively loaded into the phloem at the
source (e.g., leaves), creating a high osmotic
pressure that draws water into the phloem. This
pressure drives the movement of sucrose toward
the sink (e.g., roots or fruits), where it is
unloaded and used for growth or storage.

4. Compare and contrast primary and secondary growth

in plants.
➢ Primary growth is the increase in length of roots
and shoots due to apical meristems, while
secondary growth is the increase in thickness
due to lateral meristems (vascular cambium and
cork cambium). Primary growth occurs in all
plants, but secondary growth is more common in
woody plants.

5. Why do roots typically emerge first from a

germinating seed?
➢ Roots typically emerge first from a germinating
seed to anchor the plant and absorb water and
nutrients needed for early growth. This ensures
the developing seedling can establish itself and
support shoot development.