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Unit I JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Architecture: o o o o o

The document provides an overview of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) architecture, detailing its purpose as an abstract machine that executes Java bytecode across various platforms. It describes the internal components of the JVM, including the classloader, memory areas, execution engine, and the Java Native Interface (JNI). Additionally, it outlines the functions of the JVM such as loading, verifying, and executing code, along with the structure of its memory areas like the heap and stack.

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11 views4 pages

Unit I JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Architecture: o o o o o

The document provides an overview of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) architecture, detailing its purpose as an abstract machine that executes Java bytecode across various platforms. It describes the internal components of the JVM, including the classloader, memory areas, execution engine, and the Java Native Interface (JNI). Additionally, it outlines the functions of the JVM such as loading, verifying, and executing code, along with the structure of its memory areas like the heap and stack.

Uploaded by

sivaparu2304
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT I

JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Architecture

1. Java Virtual Machine


2. Internal Architecture of JVM

JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides


runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.

JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms (i.e. JVM is platform
dependent).

What is JVM?

It is:

1. A specification where working of Java Virtual Machine is specified. But


implementation provider is independent to choose the algorithm. Its implementation
has been provided by Oracle and other companies.
2. An implementation Its implementation is known as JRE (Java Runtime
Environment).
3. Runtime Instance Whenever you write java command on the command prompt to
run the java class, an instance of JVM is created.

What it does? The JVM performs following operation:

• Loads code
• Verifies code
• Executes code
• Provides runtime environment

JVM provides definitions for the:

o Memory area
o Class file format
o Register set
o Garbage-collected heap
o Fatal error reporting etc.
JVM Architecture

Let's understand the internal architecture of JVM. It contains classloader, memory area,
execution engine etc.

1) Classloader

Classloader is a subsystem of JVM which is used to load class files. Whenever we run the
java program, it is loaded first by the classloader. There are three built-in classloaders in
Java.

1. Bootstrap ClassLoader: This is the first classloader which is the super class of
Extension classloader. It loads the rt.jar file which contains all class files of Java
Standard Edition like java.lang package classes, java.net package classes, java.util
package classes, java.io package classes, java.sql package classes etc.
2. Extension ClassLoader: This is the child classloader of Bootstrap and parent
classloader of System classloader. It loades the jar files located
inside $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext directory.
3. System/Application ClassLoader: This is the child classloader of Extension
classloader. It loads the classfiles from classpath. By default, classpath is set to current
directory. You can change the classpath using "-cp" or "-classpath" switch. It is also
known as Application classloader.

1. //Let's see an example to print the classloader name


2. public class ClassLoaderExample
3. {
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. {
6. // Let's print the classloader name of current class.
7. //Application/System classloader will load this class
8. Class c=ClassLoaderExample.class;
9. System.out.println(c.getClassLoader());
10. //If we print the classloader name of String, it will print null because it is an
11. //in-built class which is found in rt.jar, so it is loaded by Bootstrap classloader
12. System.out.println(String.class.getClassLoader());
13. }
14.}
Output:

sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@4e0e2f2a
null
These are the internal classloaders provided by Java. If you want to create your own
classloader, you need to extend the ClassLoader class.

2) Class(Method) Area

Class(Method) Area stores per-class structures such as the runtime constant pool, field and
method data, the code for methods.

3) Heap

It is the runtime data area in which objects are allocated.

4) Stack

• Java Stack stores frames. It holds local variables and partial results, and plays a part
in method invocation and return.
• Each thread has a private JVM stack, created at the same time as thread.
• A new frame is created each time a method is invoked. A frame is destroyed when its
method invocation completes.

5) Program Counter Register

PC (program counter) register contains the address of the Java virtual machine instruction
currently being executed.

6) Native Method Stack:It contains all the native methods used in the application.
7) Execution Engine:It contains:

A virtual processor

1. Interpreter: Read bytecode stream then execute the instructions.


2. Just-In-Time(JIT) compiler: It is used to improve the performance. JIT compiles
parts of the byte code that have similar functionality at the same time, and hence
reduces the amount of time needed for compilation. Here, the term "compiler" refers
to a translator from the instruction set of a Java virtual machine (JVM) to the
instruction set of a specific CPU.

8) Java Native Interface

Java Native Interface (JNI) is a framework which provides an interface to communicate with
another application written in another language like C, C++, Assembly etc. Java uses JNI
framework to send output to the Console or interact with OS libraries.

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