RTE 010 ( PHARMACOLOGY and
VERIPUNCTURE - Lecture)
STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BSRT 2ND YEAR 2nd SEM
Session # 9
Materials:
LESSON TITLE Preparation and Administration of
Contrast Media and Intravenous Solutions
LEARNING OUTCOMES: References:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to:
Preparation and Administration of Contrast Media
LESSON PREVIEW / REVIEW (15 minutes)
Recap Session 8 Patient Assessment
MAIN LESSON (90 minutes)
I. Preparation and Administration of Contrast Media and Intravenous Solutions
1. Dosage
2. Preparation
3. Direct IV push
4. Drip Infusion
5. Intravenous Piggyback therapy for contrast media
6. Intermittent venous access devices
7. Administration of contrast media and medication
8. Intravenous fluids for IV access and maintenance
1.1. Dextrose in water solutions
1.2. Dextrose in saline solutions
1.3. Saline solutions
1.4. Electrolyte solutions
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (30 minutes)
You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct
answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed.
You are given 25 minutes for this activity:
1. Differentiate dosage from dose?
ANSWER:
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A dose is the specific amount of medication administered at one time, whereas dosage refers to the overall
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regimen detailing how frequently and for how long the doses should be taken.
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In essence, dose is a single administration, while dosage outlines the entire
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treatment schedule
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2. How to prepare contrast media for administration?
ANSWER:
Contrast media is prepared by diluting and mixing the agent in a sterile environment according to
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manufacturer guidelines and patient-specific factors, ensuring proper dosage, verification of patient history,
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and adherence to aseptic techniques before administration. It is then accurately labelled and documented to
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confirm quality control prior to use.
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ATIO:____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Strict adherence to these protocols minimizes the risk of complications while optimizing diagnostic accuracy.
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3. What is an intravenous therapy?
ANSWER
Intravenous therapy is a medical treatment that delivers fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a vein for rapid
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absorption and effect. It is commonly used in clinical settings to provide quick hydration, medication administration,
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or emergency care.
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By bypassing the digestive system, IV therapy ensures that treatments take effect immediately.
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4. What are the purposes of intravenous therapy?
ANSWER:
Intravenous therapy delivers fluids, medications, and nutrients directly into the bloodstream for rapid
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absorption and precise dosing, which is critical in both emergency and routine medical care. It is used to
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maintain hydration, correct electrolyte imbalances, and ensure immediate therapeutic effects.
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By bypassing the digestive system, this method provides swift and effective treatment outcomes.
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5. Differentiate the two types of intravenous therapy?
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ANSWER:
The two types of intravenous therapy are intermittent infusion, which involves administering medications in periodic
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doses, and continuous infusion, which delivers a steady, constant flow over time. Their use is determined by
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whether rapid peak levels or stable, sustained plasma concentrations are needed.
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RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________________
Intermittent infusion produces rapid, high-dose effects, whereas continuous infusion maintains consistent
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therapeutic levels.
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6. What are the methods of intravenous infusion and briefly describe each
ANSWER:
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Intravenous infusion methods include gravity infusion, where fluids flow by the force of gravity from an elevated
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bag; infusion pump delivery, which uses precise, programmable rates; bolus injection, which administers a rapid,
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concentrated dose; as well as continuous and intermittent infusions, which provide steady or periodic dosing based
on clinical needs.
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RATIO:__________________________________________________________________________________________
These methods enable healthcare providers to customize fluid and medication delivery to match patient-specific
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therapeutic requirements.
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7. What are the advantages of giving medications through intravenous?
ANSWER:
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Intravenous administration offers rapid onset of action and complete bioavailability by delivering medications
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directly into the bloodstream, bypassing gastrointestinal absorption and first-pass metabolism, while also
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allowing precise dosage control in critical care settings.
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This direct delivery method ensures immediate therapeutic effects and consistent drug levels.
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8. What are the different types of intravenous fluids and describe each?
ANSWER:
Intravenous fluids are primarily divided into crystalloids (like normal saline and lactated Ringer’s, which provide
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water and electrolytes for hydration), colloids (such as albumin and dextrans, which contain larger molecules that
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help maintain vascular oncotic pressure), and blood products (including packed red blood cells and plasma, used
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to replace blood volume and improve oxygen delivery).
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RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
In essence, crystalloids rehydrate, colloids sustain blood volume by retaining fluid, and blood products replenish
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lost blood components.
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9. List down the categories of crystalloids and describe each
ANSWER:
Crystalloids are divided into three categories: isotonic fluids (e.g., normal saline, lactated Ringer’s) that maintain
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osmotic balance without shifting water into or out of cells, hypotonic fluids (e.g., 0.45% saline) that provide free water
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for cellular rehydration, and hypertonic fluids (e.g., 3% saline) that draw water from cells into the extracellular space.
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This classification guides clinicians in selecting the appropriate fluid therapy based on a patient’s osmotic and
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hydration needs.
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10. How to administer a contrast media?
ANSWER:
Main Answer: Contrast media should be administered by a trained healthcare professional following established
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protocols, using the appropriate route (e.g., intravenous or oral) with proper dosing, monitoring, and pre-screening
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for contraindications.
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RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
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Supporting Answer: This systematic approach helps ensure patient safety and optimal imaging results.
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RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.
1. ANSWER: ________
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LESSON WRAP-UP (15 minutes)
You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.
You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.
AL Strategy: CAT 3-2-1
(To develop habits on thinking about learning, teacher writes a question or two that may ask students about their learning
experience, if they met the learning target, what they found difficult / easy about the topic or experience, what strategies
worked for them or not, etc. You can use AL strategy like CAT 3-2-1, Muddiest point and the like.)
(For next session, Veripuncture Techniques / Adverse Reaction ot IV Contrast)
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