PRACTICE NOTE
NEC4 ECC – PRACTICE NOTE 5
Using a Dispute Avoidance Board for
contracts covered by the Housing Grants,
Construction and Regeneration Act 1996
This practice note has been prepared due to feedback from UK based users who would
like to use an independent Dispute Avoidance Board (DAB), rather than using the parties’
Senior Representatives to resolve disputes in a contract where W2 would normally be used.
The DAB would be similar to that contained in Option W3 of the NEC4 Engineering and
Construction Contract (ECC), as part of a consensual dispute resolution process.
Option W3 is not suitable for use in the UK if the work under the contract is covered by
the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996, as amended by the Local
Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 (the Act), as the Act requires
that either party to the contract must be able to refer to adjudication any matter of dispute
at any time.
NEC4 ECC contains Option W2 to resolve disputes in accordance with the Act via
adjudication.
NEC4 ECC Option W3 does not feature adjudication and instead allows for a DAB, of 1 or
PRACTICE NOTE
3 members to be appointed to work with the parties during the course of the contract to
proactively identify and help to resolve disputes before they occur.
Option W3 has a number of specific characteristics these are.
• The DAB is appointed from the start of the contract and regularly attends site and
receives updates from the parties on the progress of the works. This allows them to
become familiar with the work under the contract and the issues / difficulties the parties
encounter.
• They are able to proactively identify potential disputes and to raise these with the parties
working in part as mediators, to help the parties resolve their potential disputes through
negotiation, and if necessary as independent evaluators providing a recommendation on
how disagreements should be resolved.
• The DAB makes recommendations only, which allows it greater flexibility in how it
undertake its work as the recommendations will not be subject to challenge in a
subsequent tribunal. This however also poses a disadvantage as a party cannot enforce
the decision of the DAB and the process relies on the mutual consent of the parties. The
expectation is that the parties will respect the members of the DAB and their decision
and, that as a tribunal would likely come to the same decision, there would be no
benefit in taking the matter further.
• Either party can take a matter referred to the DAB to the tribunal named in the Contract
Data for a final and binding decision if they disagree with the recommendation made.
Due to the costs involved in having a standing DAB for the life of the contract, whilst still,
maintaining the ability of the parties to take a dispute to adjudication at any time, it is
recommended that a DAB is used in conjunction with Option W2 only on projects where the
value or complexity / risk of disagreement is sufficient to justify the cost.
The DAB process can be included as a Z Clause and the following example sets out the
wording for such a clause, prepared for the Engineering and Construction Contract.
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PRACTICE NOTE
Example Z Clause for the ECC
Delete clause W2.1 and replace with the following.
Dispute Avoidance W2
Board W2.1 (1) The Dispute Avoidance Board consists of one or three members as identified in the
Contract Data. If the Contract Data states that the number of members is three, the third
member is jointly chosen by the Parties.
(2) The Parties appoint the Dispute Avoidance Board under the NEC Dispute Resolution
Service Contract current at the starting date.
(3) The Dispute Avoidance Board acts impartially.
(4) If a member of the Dispute Avoidance Board is not identified in the Contract Data or
if a member of the Dispute Avoidance Board is unable to act, the Parties jointly choose
a new member. If the Parties have not chosen a Dispute Avoidance Board member or a
replacement, either Party may ask the Dispute Avoidance Board nominating body to choose
one. The Dispute Avoidance Board nominating body chooses a Dispute Avoidance Board
member within seven days of the request. The chosen member becomes a member of the
Dispute Avoidance Board.
(5) The Dispute Avoidance Board visits the Site at the intervals stated in the Contract Data
from the starting date until the defects date unless the Parties agree that a visit is not
necessary. The purpose of the visit is to enable the Dispute Avoidance Board to inspect the
progress of the works and become aware of any potential disputes. The Dispute Avoidance
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Board makes additional visits when requested by the Parties.
(6) The agenda for the Site visit is proposed by the Parties and decided by the Dispute
Avoidance Board.
(7) The members of the Dispute Avoidance Board, their employees and agents are not liable
to the Parties for any action or failure to take action in resolving a potential dispute unless
the action or failure to take action was in bad faith.
Resolving (8) The Dispute Avoidance Board assists the Parties in resolving potential disputes before they
potential disputes become disputes.
(9) A potential dispute arising under or in connection with the contract is referred to the
Dispute Avoidance Board.
(10) Potential disputes are notified and referred to the Dispute Avoidance Board between two
to four weeks after notification of the issue to the other Party and the Project Manager.
(11) The Parties make available to the Dispute Avoidance Board
• copies of the contract,
• progress reports and
• any other material they consider relevant to any difference which they wish the Dispute
Avoidance Board to consider in advance of the visit to the Site.
(12) The Dispute Avoidance Board
• visits the Site and inspects the works,
• reviews all potential disputes and helps the Parties to settle them,
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PRACTICE NOTE
• prepares a note of their visit and
• unless the Parties have resolved the potential dispute by the end of the Site visit, provide
a recommendation for resolving it.
(13) The Dispute Avoidance Board can take the initiative in reviewing potential disputes,
including asking the Parties to provide further information.
(14) A Party does not call a member of the Dispute Avoidance Board as a witness in an
adjudication or tribunal proceedings.
Delete clause W2.2(1) and replace with the following.
The Adjudicator W2.2 (1) A dispute arising under or in connection with the contract is referred to and decided by
the Adjudicator. A Party may refer a dispute to the Adjudicator at any time whether or not
the dispute has been referred to the Dispute Avoidance Board as a potential dispute.
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PRACTICE NOTE
Example Entries for the Contract Data for
the ECC
PART ONE – DATA PROVIDED BY THE CLIENT
Resolving and avoiding disputes
The number of members of the Dispute Avoidance Board is one/three (delete as applicable)
The Client’s nomination for the Dispute Avoidance Board is
Name
Address for communications
Address for electronic communications
The Dispute Avoidance Board visit the Site at intervals no longer than months
The Dispute Avoidance Board nominating
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body is
The Adjudicator is
Name
Address for communications
Address for electronic communications
The Adjudicator nominating body is
The tribunal is
If the tribunal is arbitration The arbitration procedure is
The place where arbitration
is to be held is
The person or organisation who will choose an arbitrator if the Parties cannot agree a choice
or if the arbitration procedure does not state who selects an arbitrator is
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PRACTICE NOTE
PART TWO – DATA PROVIDED BY THE CONTRACTOR
Resolving and avoiding disputes
If the number of members The Contractor’s nomination for the Dispute Avoidance Board is
of the Dispute Avoidance
Board is three Name
Address for communications
Address for electronic communications
PRACTICE NOTE
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