PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
F
G
O
C
O
A
U L
S S
a. describe the principles of designing clear and informative
tables;
b. present effectively a tabular data in quantitative research; and
c. value the importance of research in your own specialization
and in other fields.
Table of contents
5-minute reading Lesson Discussion
& Application
Ice-Breaker Activity
02 Assessment
READING:
A Shared Sense
of Purpose
01 READING
In a quiet school library, a group of students huddled
around a table piled with books and laptops. They
were researching environmental conservation for
their science project, each taking turns to share their
findings. Maria eagerly typed notes as Janelle flipped
through an encyclopedia, while Miguel scanned
online articles for recent statistics. Even shy Paolo
contributed, drawing diagrams to explain their ideas.
The group discussed solutions to deforestation, with
their voices filled with excitement and determination.
As the day went on, the students' research led
them to innovative solutions, like planting fast-
growing native trees and organizing awareness
campaigns in their community. Inspired by
real-world examples, they began brainstorming
ways to present their project creatively. Miguel
suggested using a digital presentation, while
Maria proposed including a short video to
highlight the issue’s urgency.
They laughed and encouraged one another,
turning even mistakes into opportunities to learn.
By the time they left the library, they had not
only gathered valuable information but also
strengthened their bond as a team, realizing that
collaboration was their greatest strength. By the
end of the day, their teamwork had turned a
daunting task into a meaningful learning
experience, sparking a shared sense of purpose.
Comprehension Questions:
1. Where did the students conduct their research?
A. At home B. In a classroom
C. In the school library D. In the science laboratory
2. What was the topic of the students’ research project?
A. Space exploration B. Renewable energy
C. Health and nutrition D. Environmental conservation
3. What role did Paolo play in the group?
A. Typing notes B. Drawing diagrams
C. Scanning online articles D. Organizing awareness campaigns
4. Which suggestion was made to make their presentation creative?
A. Write an essay B. Perform a skit
C. Include a short video D. Use a traditional poster
5. What did the students realize about their teamwork?
A. They could work better individually. B. The project was too difficult for them.
C. Collaboration was their greatest strength. D. They needed more guidance.
ICE-BREAKER
ACTIVITY
TRUE OR FALSE:
02 Gauging the Mind,
Engaging the Learners
NO ERASURES
TAKE NOTE: FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS PROPERLY
Statement 1:
Quantitative research mainly focuses on
numerical data which can be effectively
presented through tables and graphs.
If TRUE, write A beside number 5
If FALSE, write B beside number 1
NO ERASURES
TAKE NOTE: FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS PROPERLY
Statement 2:
If tables and graphs are excellently constructed,
it can lead to incorrect interpretation or
misinterpretation of results and findings.
If TRUE, write O beside number 2
If FALSE, write M beside number 1
NO ERASURES
TAKE NOTE: FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS PROPERLY
Statement 3:
Readers who go beyond the abstract of a paper
are likely to examine the tables and graphs next.
If TRUE, write U beside number 2
If FALSE, write N beside number 3
NO ERASURES
TAKE NOTE: FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS PROPERLY
Statement 4:
Tables are used to summarize irrelevant data and
results in a concise and easy to understand
manner.
If TRUE, write U beside number 4
If FALSE, write T beside number 4
NO ERASURES
TAKE NOTE: FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS PROPERLY
Statement 5:
The number of tables in Chapter 4 would depend
on the number of variables presented in the SoP.
If TRUE, write S beside number 3
If FALSE, write S beside number 5
MUSTA
LESSON
DISCUSSION &
APPLICATION
Tabular Data
03 Presentation
Good data
presentation matters!
A research table, also known as a data table or results table,
is a structured presentation of research findings or data
collected during a study. It is typically organized into rows
and columns to display information in a systematic and easily
interpretable format. Research tables are commonly used in
scientific research, academic papers, reports, and
presentations to present quantitative data, summarize
experimental results, or compare different variables.
Survey Results
Indicator Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strong
Agree Disagree
10 5
Indicator 1 25
30 30
15 5
Indicator 2 10 25
35
20 5
Indicator 3 30
25 10
25 10
Indicator 4 15 20
20
30
Indicator 5 20
15 15 10
• Clear and specific title
• Clear column and row headings
• Consistent formatting
• Sufficient context
• must be comprehensive
• clear and concise
• precede the title with a table number
• should be 1‐2 lines long
Examples of Good & Bad Titles
“Table 1. Descriptive characteristics”
“Descriptive characteristics of cases and controls”
“Smokers in the Study”
“Table 1. Percentage of Respondents Using Vapes”
“Table 1: Distribution of STEM Graduates by Field and Gender”
“Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents"
Survey Results
Indicator Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strong
Agree Disagree
10 5
Indicator 1 25
30 30
15 5
Indicator 2 10 25
35
20 5
Indicator 3 30
25 10
25 10
Indicator 4 15 20
20
30
Indicator 5 20
15 15 10
• Organize the rows and columns to emphasize your main
message.
• Be clear, spell things out – if you use acronyms, then
footnote them in the table.
• Use consistent headings across different tables
• Show totals for rows and columns, where appropriate. If
you show percentages (%), also give their total (always
100).
Table 1: Survey Results
Indicator SA A N D SD
Indicator 1 10 5
25
30 30
Indicator 2 15 5
10
35 25
Indicator 3 20 5
30
25 10
Indicator 4 25 10
15
20 20
Indicator 5 30 10
20
15 15
• Always align together the content of
each cell in the table
• Avoid overcrowded tables
• Organize the table to make it more
visually appealing and easier to read
Table 1: Survey Results
Indicator SA A N D SD
Indicator 1 10 5
25
30 30
Indicator 2 15 5
10
35 25
Indicator 3 20 5
30
25 10
Indicator 4 25 10
15
20 20
Indicator 5 30 10
20
15 15
• always include the indicators or
questions used in the questionnaire
• include percentages or totals
• include legends if there are acronyms
presented in the table
Table 1: Survey Results
Indicator SA A N D SD
Indicator 1 10 5
25
30 30
Indicator 2 15 5
10
35 25
Indicator 3 20 5
30
25 10
Indicator 4 25 10
15
20 20
Indicator 5 30 10
20
15 15
Business and Finance
Healthcare and Medicine
Education
Government and Public Policy
Technology and Engineering
Research and Development
Financial statements, budgeting, sales
reports, market analysis, revenues,
expenses, profits, losses, and enabling
companies to make informed decisions
based on numerical information
Patient records, clinical trials, medical
research, epidemiological studies,
laboratory test results, treatment
outcomes, other healthcare data, and
facilitating evidence-based decision-
making and improving patient care
Grading, academic performance tracking,
research projects, assessment results, and
analyze educational data to identify areas
for improvement and tailor instructional
strategies to meet student needs
Statistical reports, demographic analysis,
economic indicators, policy evaluation,
analyze social, economic, and environmental
data, assess the impact of policies and
programs, and make informed decisions to
address societal challenges.
Project management, data analysis, quality
control, performance metrics, project
specifications, test results, technical
specifications, and performance data,
enabling them to identify issues, optimize
processes, and improve product quality
Experimental results, product testing,
market research, innovation analysis,
experimental data, compare different
variables or conditions, and identify trends
or patterns, leading to advancements in
technology, healthcare, and other fields
03 Application
ASSESSMENT
04 Assessment
1. In research, tabular data presentation is primarily used for:
A. Descriptive statistics B. Organizing numerical data
C. Communicating qualitative findings D. Conducting hypothesis testing
2. What is the primary advantage of using tables to present data?
A. They are visually appealing B. They are suitable for presenting qualitative data
C. They allow for easy comparison of data D. They provide in-depth analysis of trends
3. Which of the following is an essential element of a well-constructed table?
A. Excessive use of colors B. Inconsistent formatting
C. Ambiguous headings D. Clear and descriptive headings
4. What does a table title typically include?
A. A summary of the key findings
B. The author's contact information
C. A description of the table's contents
D. A brief description of the research methodology
5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using tables to present data?
A. Improved readability B. Facilitation of data comparison
C. Efficient organization of information D. Enhancement of qualitative analysis
“No matter how powerful, countries
cannot rule the whole world. The
world is ruled by brains, by justice,
by morals and by fairness.
