FIRDA

222010

SEKOLAH TUNAS MEKAR INDONESIA

2025
KATA PENGANTAR

TABLE OF CONTENT
 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The trend of using natural body lotions is increasing as consumers become more aware of

skin health and the environmental impact of personal care products. Body lotions serve to

maintain skin moisture, improve texture, and protect skin from external factors. However,

products containing synthetic chemicals are often a concern due to the potential for adverse

side effects. Some ingredients, such as parabens and sulphates, have been linked to health

risks, including skin irritation and hormonal disruption.

The ingredients used in natural body lotions are generally derived from plant sources, such as

coconut oil, shea butter, and herbal extracts, which have been traditionally known for their

skin health benefits. Coconut oil, for example, not only functions as a moisturizer but also has

anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that help maintain healthy skin and repair

damage from environmental exposure.

Research based on coconut research centre shows that coconut oil can increase skin hydration

and has a positive effect on wound healing. Shea butter contains anti-inflammatory, anti-

fungal, and antioxidant substances that protect the skin from free radicals, and is believed to

be able to overcome a number of skin. Likewise with other natural ingredients that also have

many good benefits for the skin.

From a sustainability perspective, the cosmetics industry has faced criticism for the

environmental impact of chemicals and non-eco-friendly packaging. Many natural body

biodegradable packaging.

Orange is as one of the favourite fruits in the world. Not only the fruit that can be eaten, but

most of the parts of orange fruit can be used.

1.2 Research Question

The research question of this research was how is the process of making homemade body

lotion from the extract of orange peel.

1.3 Research Purposes

The purpose of making this handmade body lotion is to gain experience with natural

ingredients and to be able to care for the skin using environmentally friendly products and

without potentially harmful ingredients.

1.4 Research Benefits

1. For the researcher: The researcher gained skills, experience and knowledge about natural

ingredients in skin care products.

2. For the readers: The reader gained insight into sustainability in the skincare industry and

raise awareness about the importance of choosing natural and safe products.
 BAB II LITERATUR REVIEW

2.1 The Definition of Body Lotion

Body lotion is a cosmetic product designed for topical application to the skin, primarily

intended to moisturize, hydrate, and improve the overall health and appearance of the skin. It

typically comes in the form of a cream or lotion, which is a smooth, viscous liquid made up

of a blend of water, oils, emulsifiers, and active ingredients. These ingredients work together

to nourish the skin, replenish lost moisture, and help maintain its natural barrier.

2.2 The History of Body Lotion

Excavations of Mesolithic civilization sites estimated to date back to 10,000 BC show that

our ancestors had applied castor oil to their skin. Meanwhile, excavations of ancient Egyptian

tombs found small vessels containing animal fat and olive oil with added spices. According

to the books left behind, the mixture in the vessels was used to care for the skin and massage

the feet, and was considered a luxury item.

The use of body lotion decreased during the Renaissance. At that time, mercury-based lotions

were popular and could whiten the face, neck, and arms quickly. However, the effect was that

several people died from these dangerous lotions.

Then in the 15th century, lotions were again made from good natural ingredients, such as rose

water, olive oil, and beeswax. Even during the Crusades, the knights brought back the aroma

of new essential oils made from flowers and spices. These essential oils were then used as
lotion ingredients that were very popular and liked by many women.

https://nandanabilaputri.blogspot.com/2016/11/sejarah-hand-and-body-lotion.html

The development of cosmetics and its industry began on a large scale in the 20 th century,

companies began marketing lotions not only for skin care but also for beauty and luxury.

Brands like Vaseline (owned by Unilever) popularized the idea of daily moisturizer. This

period also saw the introduction of new ingredients like mineral oil, and later, alcohol-based

lotions became common. These products were marketed to improve skin softness and overall

appearance.

In the 1950s and 1960s, body lotions evolved to include more subtle fragrances and

formulations, creating a variety of options for different skin types. These products targeted

specific skin concerns like aging, sun protection, and even anti-cellulite treatments. And then

today body lotions have evolved to include more ingredients like alpha arbutin, fruit extracts,

and various vitamins. https://whenwascreated.com/the-evolution-of-lotion-a-brief-history/

2.3 The Type of Body Lotion

There are some types of body lotion, they are:

1. Moisturizing Body Lotion

Like your face, your body is constantly losing moisture due to wind, sun, heat, or cold

weather. It is important to give your skin a daily dose of hydration and nourishment. Body

lotions are formulated to support the skin’s barrier and prevent moisture evaporation. They

can also rehydrate your skin and provide much-needed nourishment. Typically, the main

ingredients of these body lotions are glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and urea.
2. Anti-Aging Body Lotion

A body lotion with anti-aging ingredients can help minimize signs of aging such as wrinkles,

fine lines, and pigmentation. Since body lotions keep your skin hydrated, they also help

reduce the appearance of premature signs of aging. Some lotions contain ingredients that help

heal or treat specific conditions such as dry skin, loss of elasticity, acne, eczema, and more.

The main ingredients of these body lotions are usually collagen, retinol, peptides, and vitamin

C.

3. Fragrance Body Lotion

A soft, creamy body lotion with a pleasant scent can make your skin feel comfortable. The

pleasant scent of body lotion can also be soothing, giving a long-term positive effect on you.

The main ingredients are usually fragrance oils, fruit and flower extracts.

4. Organic Body Lotion

By using organic ingredients and environmentally friendly packaging, using organic body

lotion helps reduce the negative impact on the environment.

5. Whitening Body Lotion

This is a skin care product designed to help brighten skin color and even out its tone.

Although the term "whitening" is often used, many of these products focus more on
lightening or reducing hyperpigmentation, rather than drastic whitening. Usually the main

ingredients are vitamin C and niacinamide.

6. Sunblock

Body lotion with SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a skin care product designed to moisturize

and protect the skin from damage caused by UV exposure. Usually the main ingredients are

Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide.

7. Nourishing Body Lotion

Richer lotions for very dry skin, often incorporating oils like coconut or shea butter to

provide longer-lasting hydration. They may also contain ceramides, which help restore the

skin’s natural barrier.

2.4 How to use a Body Lotion

It is a common mistake to apply body lotion to dry skin. The best way of using body lotion is

to apply it to warm and damp skin right after a bath or shower. Moist and warm skin allows

drawing the maximum benefit from your chosen body lotion.

2.5 Can Body Lotion be used everywhere on the body?

You can use body lotion anywhere except your face. While it’s okay to apply body lotion to

your face once in a while, don’t make it a habit. The skin on your face is different and much

more delicate and thin than the skin on your body.

3.1 Research Subject

to learn about the ingredients in body lotion, and how homemade body lotion can better

protect the environment and health from harmful chemicals.

3.2 Research place

Research takes place in the available laboratories used.

3.3 Research Time

This research was started on the beginning of December 2024 until April 2025

3.4 Material and Tools

1. Shea Butter: 30 grams

- As a moisturizer and skin softener.

2. Coconut Oil: 60 grams (30%)

- Moisturizes and provides antioxidant benefits.

3. Beeswax: 10 grams

- Natural emulsifier to bind oil and water.

4. Distilled Water / Rose Water

5. Fragrance Oil: 2–4 ml

- Provides the main aroma.

6. Fruit Peel:

- Orange, Lemon, or Banana Peel (dry): 1 tbsp (about 5 grams).

- Dried, mashed, or used for infusion.

3.5 Steps to Make

1. Prepare the Fruit Peel:

- Boil the fruit peel (orange/lemon/banana) in 30 ml ml distilled water/rose water for 15–20
minutes.

- Strain the liquid, measure again to keep it at 30 ml (add water if less).

- Cool and set aside.

2. Melt the Oil Ingredients:

- In a heatproof bowl, melt the beeswax, shea butter, and coconut oil using the double boiler
technique (heat over boiling water).

- Stir until all ingredients are melted and well mixed.

3. Mix the Oil and Water:

- Slowly pour the water into the oil mixture while continuing to stir using a whisk or stick
blender.

- Continue stirring until the mixture begins to emulsify and form a lotion texture.

4. Add Fragrance Oil:

- When the mixture reaches a temperature below 40°C, add fragrance oil (2–4 ml).

- Stir until the aroma is fully combined.

5. Transfer to Container:

- Pour the lotion into a sterile container (jar or pump bottle).

- Allow to cool completely before sealing.

4.1 The Process of Making Homemade Body Lotion

First, choose the fruit skin to be used, it can be orange, lemon, or banana skin. Each type of

fruit skin has a different active compound content, such as vitamin C in oranges and lemons,

and antioxidants in banana skin. The selected fruit skin must be washed with clean water to

remove dirt, pesticides, or other contaminants, then the fruit skin is cut into small pieces. Boil

distilled/rose water in a pan and add the selected fruit skin.

technique and mix it. Double boiler is a melting technique that uses:

 The lower container contains a little water that is heated on the stove

 The upper container contains the ingredients to be melted or mixed, placed on top of

the lower container, but not touching the water.

The boiled water of the fruit skin is heated to a temperature of 60, then the mixture of shea

butter, coconut oil and beeswax is heated to a temperature of 60-70. After heating, pour the

boiled water of the fruit skin slowly into the mixture of shea butter, coconut oil and beeswax

then stir until mixed.

When the temperature of the mixture is below 40, add 2-4 ml of essential oil (can be adjusted

to taste)

The final step is to transfer the lotion into a container that has been properly sterilized (the

container can be a pump bottle or jar) then do not close the container for about 1-2 hours for

the cooling process.

4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of this Body Lotion Product

The main problem you encounter is lotion that has a liquid consistency like soap. This

consistency indicates that there is an imbalance between the amount of water phase (liquid

phase) and oil phase (oil phase). Lotions that are too liquid usually occur due to one of the

following factors:

 Lack of beeswax to bind the ingredients in the body lotion, Beeswax acts as an

emulsifier that allows the ingredients in this lotion to mix together. If the amount of

beeswax is lacking, the lotion can separate or remain too runny.

 The water content is too high compared to other ingredients. If the water content is

too high, the lotion texture will be more liquid and less thick.
BAB V CONCLUSION
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273230022000320.
LAMPIRAN