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Digital Data Transmission Theory

The document outlines the fundamentals of digital data transmission, including components like source encoders, line coding, and digital carrier modulation. It discusses key concepts such as sampling, quantization, and non-uniform quantization to maintain signal quality, as well as digital multiplexing techniques like Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). Additionally, it addresses practical issues like aliasing and the importance of maintaining a fixed Signal-to-Quantization-Noise Ratio (SQNR).

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22 views23 pages

Digital Data Transmission Theory

The document outlines the fundamentals of digital data transmission, including components like source encoders, line coding, and digital carrier modulation. It discusses key concepts such as sampling, quantization, and non-uniform quantization to maintain signal quality, as well as digital multiplexing techniques like Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). Additionally, it addresses practical issues like aliasing and the importance of maintaining a fixed Signal-to-Quantization-Noise Ratio (SQNR).

Uploaded by

sainahussainsristy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Digital Data Transmission

EEE 3307
(Communications Theory)
Professor Raqibul Mostafa, PhD
EEE Dept, UIU
Digital Communication System

 Source encoder: Generates digital data


 Line coding: Generates pulses p(t) to
represent the bits from source encoder
 Digital Carrier Modulation: Up-conversion
 Channel: Transmission channel
 Repeater: Regenerates transmitted
pulses corrupted by channel imperfection
Line Coding
PSD of Polar Signal

 Half-width: Pulse
present for Tb/2
 Essential BW:
2Rb
 For Full-width: Rb
Sampling
 Sampling of continuous time signals to
generate discrete values
 Signal band limited to B Hz in
bandwidth
Ideal Interpolation
Interpolation
Practical Issues

 Filter BW
 Filter design
Aliasing

 Undersampling
 Use anti-
aliasing filter at
the input to
restrict the
input signal
BW
Non-ideal Sampling
and interpolation
Applications of
Sampling
Quantization
EEE 3307 (Communication Theory)
SQNR
 SQNR depends on signal power and quantization
step size and quantization noise
 Signal power can vary
 from person to person or
 for the same person at different times
 We need SQNR to be fixed all the time
 Can be achieved by making quantization noise small
when signal power is small
 Done by Non-uniform quantization
 signal compression: -Law and A-law
Non-uniform Quantization

 Non-uniform quantization to maintain good


SQNR for varying signal power

 Signal compression: -Law and A-law


 Here m: signal amplitude
 mp: peak value of m
 A and : compressor parameters
Non-uniform Quantization (contd.)

Compression SQNR Variation

Compandor application
• Compressor at the
transmitter followed by an
expandor at the receiver
 Compressor at the
transmitter followed by an
expandor at the receiver
Transmission Bandwidth

 For PCM we need n bits for each sampled value


 Number of levels: 𝐿 = 2𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑛
 For message signal BW of B Hz, minimum (Nyquist) Sampling rate: 2B samples/sec
 Data rate: 2nB bps
2𝑛𝐵
 Minimum BW required to transmit at this rate: = 𝑛𝐵 𝐻𝑧
2
Example on BW and SQNR Calculation
Example on BW and SQNR
Calculation (contd.)
Digital Multiplexing: TDM
Digital Multiplexing: TDM (contd.)
TDM Hierarchy

 PCM encoded users are time-


multiplexed
 Multiplexing levels and rate vary at
different points of multiplexing
 For cellular communications,
different users are multiplexed at
the BTS and are forwarded to the
Base Station Controller and then
further multiplexed to the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC)
Delta Modulation

 Number of bits: 1 bit


 Sampling rate: >> Nyquist rate
 Successive samples are highly
correlated
 Quantization error: small

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